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1
Content available The synthesis of tripolyphosphate using a one-stage method and a laboratory rotary kiln
Kowalski Z., Makara A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2014
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Vol. 16, nr 1
36--40
EN
In the study, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) was obtained according to the one-stage method. Batch mixes with varied degrees of soda ash neutralization were produced using thermal or wet processing phosphoric acid and/ or recycled STPP calcined in a laboratory rotary kiln. Chromatographic analysis of the phosphate forms showed that products containing as much as 94.73% of a single component were produced. At STPP recycling rates of 2.5 and 5, products with a low bulk density ranging between 0.437-0.547 kg/dm3 were obtained. The recycling of STPP reduces the insoluble substance content, which affects the properties of the product. The phase composition of the products largely depends on the type of recycled phase of sodium tripolyphosphate (phase I and/or phase II) and the calcining temperature.
2
Content available remote Physicochemical properties of meat-bone meal and ashes after its thermal treatment
Krupa-Żuczek K., Szynkowska M.I., Wzorek Z., Sobczak-Kupiec A.
Architecture Civil Engineering Environment
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2012
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Vol. 5, no. 4
95--98
EN
A solution to the problem of depletion of phosphorus raw material deposits could be recovering of phosphorus from industrial waste especially from meat industry. Thermal processing at a temperature not lower than 850°C for minimum 2s is the only acceptable method enabling to neutralize this waste. The paper presents production technology of meat-bone meal (MBM) and its physicochemical properties. MBM samples were calcined in a stationary chamber kiln in air atmosphere at temperatures of 600-950°C (Δ=50°C) for 3 hours. The results obtained indicated that the phosphorus content in ashes after MBM calcining was close to or higher than the concentration of that element in a typical phosphoric raw material. It confirmed the possibility of utilization of meat waste as a substitute for phosphoric raw materials.
PL
Rozwiązaniem braku surowców fosforonośnych okazało się pozyskiwanie fosforu z odpadów kostnych z przemysłu mięsnego. Proces termicznej utylizacji tych odpadów w temperaturze wyższej niż 850°C przez minimum 2s pozwoli nie tylko na utylizacje materiału a także pozyska nowy surowiec fosforonośny. W pracy przedstawiono proces produkcyjny maczki mięsnokostnej (MMK) oraz jej własności fizykochemiczne. Próbki mączki mięsno-kostnej kalcynowano w piecu stacjonarnym atmosferze powietrza w przedziale temperatur 600-950°C (Δ=50°C) przez 3 godziny. Badania pokazały, że zawartość fosforu w popiołach z kalcynacji MMK jest na takim samym lub nieznacznie wyższym poziomie jak zawartość tego pierwiastka w typowych surowcach fosforowych. Możliwa jest zatem termiczna utylizacja odpadów z przemysłu mięsnego w celu pozyskania substytutu surowców fosforonośnych.
3
Content available remote Hydroksyapatyt otrzymywany na drodze kalcynacji szlamów kostnych w piecu obrotowym
Sobczak A., Dobrzański Z., Zygadlik K.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2010
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T. 89, nr 8
1073-1076
4
Content available Evaluation of the biomedical properties of hydroxyapatite obtained from bone waste
Sobczak A., Kida A., Kowalski Z., Wzorek Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2009
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Vol. 11, nr 1
37-43
EN
The method of obtaining hydroxyapatite by thermal treatment of deproteinised and defatted bone pulp called bone sludge was presented. The products of the calcining process were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The calcium content was determined with titration, whereas the contents of total phosphorus - with a spectrophotomertric method. X-ray investigations confirmed that hydroxyapatite was the main component of the calcining products in the calcining process. The FT-IR spectra confirmed that all organic substances were removed during the calcining process. On the basis of the research into physiological liquids the propensity to resorption of hydroxyapatite bioceramic was evaluated.
5
Content available remote Preparation of hydroxyapatite from animal bones
Sobczak A., Kowalski Z., Wzorek Z.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2009
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Vol. 11, nr 4
23-28
EN
This paper presents the method of obtaining hydroxyapatite from animal bones. Bone sludge and calcined products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Calcium concentration was determined with titration, and phosphorus - spectrophotometrically. Making use of the AAS and ICP methods the content of microelements was determined. In all the products, hydroxyapatite was the only crystalline phase indicated. The FT-IR spectra confirmed that calcination removed the total of organic substances. Calcium and phosphorus contents were 38% and 18%, respectively, which corresponded to the Ca/P molar ratio of nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatite. The specific surfaces of products were measured by BET method. The volume of micro- and mesopores was determined.
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