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1

An Analysis of Eruption of the Sun Detected by Solar Radio Burst Type I

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M., Arifin S., Monstein C.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

|

2015

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Vol. 47

139--146

EN

Type I solar burst were identified based on data recorded by CALLISTO BLEIN, Switzerland in the period of 17th of January, 2011. Solar Radio Burst Type I is one of the main type of solar burst which is believed to provide a diagnostic of electron acceleration in the corona. This noise storm burst is associated with emerging and growing active regions and last from hours to days. It can be observed that solar radio burst type I is formed within four minutes, although the number of sunspots is just 15. The results of the recent time indicate that Sunspot group 1147 has been mostly quiet since it rounded the eastern limb, but previous week's far side activity shows it is capable of significant eruptions. In 2011, only one day has been detected with spotless day, which means that it is about 7% of overall cases. Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm. From the current conditions in the space weather website on 16th January 2011 that is the first event was shown that the solar wind occurred with a speed of 433.2 km/second while its density about 3.2 protons/cm3. Besides the solar wind, X-ray solar flare with 6 hours maximum: B1 at 1846 UT and 24 hours: B2 at 1544 UT were detected. While type I seem to be an indicator of pre-solar flare and CMEs, on the observational analysis, we could not directly confirmed that this is the only possibility, and we need to consider other processes to explain in detailed the injection, energy loss and the mechanism of the acceleration of the particles. We could conclude one active region will not produce a huge explosion of solar phenomena.

2

Type II Solar Radio Burst with a Split and Herring − Bones During a Minimum Solar Activity

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M., Monstein C.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 13, iss. 2

104--111

EN

A preliminary correlation study of the herring − bone type II with a type III solar burst of has been made. On the basis of this study and in combination with the observation in radio emission, an interpretation of the mechanism of the occurrence of this event has been proposed. The type II solar radio burst with a split and herring bone is occurring at the same time from 36 MHz till 50 MHz. We have noted that an individual type III burst also can be observed at 13:23 UT from 45-50 MHz. During that day, a stream of solar wind from a coronal hole on the Sun has disturbing Earth's magnetosphere creating a minor geomagnetic storm, G1 on the NOAA scale of G1-G5. In this case, the solar flare is not very high, but CME is responsible to form a solar radio burst type II. Overall, based on seven days observation beginning from 25th March 2013, the solar activity is considered as very low. The highest solar flare can be observed within 7 days is only a class of B8 flare. There was no CMEs event that directed to the Earth is detected. The geomagnetic field activities are also at minimum level. Although the solar flare event is at a lower stage, it is still possible to form the solar radio burst type II which is associated with CME event. From the selected event, although theoretically solar radio burst type II is associated with CMEs, there is no compelling solar radio burst type II without a flare. The only difference is the dynamic structure and the intensity and speed of both phenomena (solar flares and CMEs) which depend on the active region. Nevertheless, understanding how energy is released in solar flares is one of the central questions in astrophysics. This solar radio burst type II formation is the first event that successfully detected by e-CALLISTO network in 2013.

3

The Tendencies and Timeline of the Solar Burst Type II Fragmented

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M., Monstein C.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 12

84--102

EN

We report the timeline of the solar radio burst Type II that formed but fragmented at certain point based on the eruption of the solar flare on 13th November 2012 at 2:04:20 UT. The active region AR 1613 is one of the most active region in 2012. It is well known that the magnetic energy in the solar corona is explosively released before converted into the thermal and kinetic energy in solar flares. In this work, the Compound Astronomical Low-frequency, Low-cost Instrument for Spectroscopy Transportable Observatories (CALLIISTO) system is used in obtaining a dynamic spectrum of solar radio burst data. There are eight active regions and this is the indicator that the Sun is currently active. Most the active regions radiate a Beta radiation. The active regions 1610, 1611 and 1614 are currently the largest sunspots on the visible solar disk. There is an increasing chance for an isolated M-Class solar flare event. It is also expected that there will be a chance of an M flare, especially from AR 1614 and 1610. Although these two observations (radio and X-rays) seem to be dominant on the observational analysis, we could not directly confirmed that this is the only possibility, and we need to consider other processes to explain in detailed the injection, energy loss and the mechanism of the acceleration of the particles. In conclusion, the percentage of energy of solar flare becomes more dominant rather than the acceleration of particles through the Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and that will be the main reason why does the harmonic structure of type II burst is not formed. This event is one fine example of tendencies solar radio burst type III, which makes the harmonic structure of solar radio burst type II fragmented.

4

The Propagation of An Impulsive Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) due to the High Solar Flares and Moreton Waves

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 1

118--126

EN

This paper provides a short review of some of the basic concepts related to the origin of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The numerous ideas which have been put forward to elucidate the initiation of CMEs are categorized in terms of whether this event is a gradual CME or impulsive CME. In this case, an earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) was observed on April 2, 2014 by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C2. This recent observations obtained a large impulsive CMEs. The CME, originating from the active region AR2027. The speed of CMEs is 1600 kms-1. A halo CME, a bright expanding ring at the North-West region is exploded beginning at about 14:36 UT, and the process of departing, expansion and propagation are highlighted. We discuss the correspondence of this event with the structure of the CME in the LASCO data. It is believed that the high solar flare and a Moreton waves initiate this kind of CMEs.

5

Statistical Study of Nine Months Distribution of Solar Flares

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M., Monstein C.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 14, iss. 1

1--11

EN

Solar flare is one of the solar activities that take place in the outermost layer of the corona. Solar flares can heat the material to several million degrees in just a few minutes and at the same time they release the numerous amount of energy. It is believed that a change of magnetic field lines potentially creates the solar flares. The objectives of the study are to identify and compare the types of solar flares (in X-Ray) region and to improve understanding of solar flares. Data are taken from the NOAA website, from the United States Department of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction Center (SPWC). Solar radio flux readings were merged together with the three classes and a total of nine graphs were plotted. In illustrating the relationship of solar radio flux and solar flares, it can be explained by studying the range values of flux corresponding to flares values. From this case study, it was found that the minimum value of solar radio flux in order for the flares to occur is equivalent 68 x 10-22Wm-2Hz-1. Thus, whenever the values of solar radio flux are high, there should be a higher number of flares produced by the sun. The overall range of solar radio flux recorded in this study ranging from 68 x 10-22 Wm-2Hz-1 to 96 x 10-22 Wm-2Hz-1. Observing and collecting data from the Sun and develop our very own new prediction methods will leads the accuracy of the prediction of the behavior of the Sun more precisely.

6

Scenario of Solar Radio Burst Type III During Solar Eclipse on 14th November 2012

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M., Monstein C.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 13, iss. 2

135--143

EN

A compact solar flare was observed during a total solar eclipse event on 13-14 November 2012. This phenomenon is beginning in local time on November 14 west of the date line over northern Australia, and ended in local time on November 13 east of the date line near the west coast of South America. During the eclipse, the highest magnitude was 1.0500, occurring only 12 hours before perigee, with the maximum eclipse totality lasting just over four minutes. Considering the observational facts, the solar radio burst type III can be detected from the National Space Centre Malaysia by the Compound Low Cost Low Frequency Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) system from 00:00 UT –1:30 UT. The group and individual solar burst type III can be detected in the region of 150-400 MHz. However, the eclipse cannot be observed from our site. From the observation, it was found that the eruption in the active region is becoming more active with a tens of groups solar radio burst type III can be observed. It continuing bursting within the first one hour. The sunspot number exceeds to 108 and solar wind speed 454.9 km/sec. Still the Sun remains active and we need to consider other processes to explain in detailed the injection, energy loss and the mechanism of the acceleration of the particles.

7

Observations of Different Type of Bursts Associated with M 6.3 Solar Flares

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 4

29--36

EN

Variation of solar bursts due to solar flares such as type an isolated type III , a complex type III, U is being highlighted. These bursts occurred on 9th March 2012 at the National Space Centre, Sg. Lang, Selangor, Malaysia Here, we study a unique case with a combination of two types burst associated with solar flare and CMEs. Our observation is focused on the low frequency region starting from 150 MHz till 400 MHz. We found that a solar flare type solar flare type M 6.3 which occurred in active region AR 1429 starting from 3:32 UT and ending at 05:00 UT. The flare has been confirmed to be the largest flare since 2005. Some physical parameters will be measured. We then compared our results with X-ray data from NOAA Space Weather Prediction Centre (SWPC).

8

Investigation on a Broken Solar Burst Type II during High Activities in AR1613 on 13th November 2012

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M., Monstein C., Zulkifli W. N. A. W., Ibrahim M. B., Arifin N. S., Amran N. A.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 9

8--15

EN

The present article is an attempt to analyze the solar burst Type II observations based on solar flare and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) events. We choose an intriguing type II radio burst with a velocity of 1193 kms-1 that occurred on 2012 November 13 at 2:04:20 UT. In this case, the study of solar radio burst type III is of paramount importance because of the fact that it helps to gain an insight of generation mechanisms of solar flare and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) phenomena. Here, we have got a reasonably clear idea of the various forms under which the type III continuum emission may appear and potentially form a type II burst. However, in this case, the Type II solar burst only successfully forms a fundamental structure within the first few minute period, but broken suddenly before evolve a harmonic structure. This phenomenon is very interesting to be tackled and study. How the burst suddenly broken is still ongoing research seems the event is very rare and hard to be proved. There are a few questions that cause this unique situation which related to: (i) the intensity and duration of type III burst which also related to the classification of solar flare (ii) the probabilities CMEs to occur during that time and also the factor of the total amount of massive burst that exploded, Thus, we can conclude that the solar burst type III event still tells us an enigmatic characteristic from time to time due to the relationship of energetic particles and streams of particles with coronal magnetic fields and the pattern of Sun activity due to the 24th solar cycle. It might an interesting to study in detail the main factor that caused the Type II solar burst broken. Indirectly, it might because of the very intense of solar flares that make the percentage of energy of solar flare become more dominant rather than the acceleration of particles through the Coronal Mass Ejections. Thus, we realize that the potential energy during this event is higher than the kinetic energy of the particles.

9

Characterization of Selected Solar Radio Bursts Based on Solar Activity Detected by e- CALLISTO (Malaysia)

Hamidi Z. S., Shariff N. N. M., Monstein C.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

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2014

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Vol. 13, iss. 2

144--159

EN

One of the main reasons to study more about the dynamics of solar radio bursts is because solar these bursts can interfere with the Global Positioning System (GPS) and communications systems. More importantly, these bursts are a key to understand the space weather condition. Recent work on the interpretation of the low frequency region of a main solar burst is discussed. Continuum radio bursts are often related to the solar activities such as an indication of the formation of sunspot, impulsive phase of solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their frequencies correspond to the densities supposed to exist in the primary energy release volume. Specifically, solar burst in low frequency play an important role in interpretation of Sun activities. In this work, we have selected few solar bursts that successfully detected by our station at the National Space Centre, Banting Selangor. Our objective is to correlate the solar burst with Sun activities by looking at the main sources that responsibility with the trigger of solar burst. It is found that type II burst is dominant with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), type III burst associated with solar flare, IV burst with the formation of active region and type U burst high solar flare. We believed that this work is a good start to monitor Sun’s activities in Malaysia as equatorial country.

10

Ścianowy (oddziałowy) system obserwacji sejsmologicznej dla rejonu ściany 6 w pokładzie 510 w kopalni „Bobrek-Centrum"

Pierzyna A., Barański A., Lurka A., Mutke G.

Wiadomości Górnicze

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2013

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R. 64, nr 4

219--225

PL

Kopalniane obserwacje sejsmologiczne prowadzi się w celu określania stanu zagrożenia wstrząsami i tąpaniami, ale ze względu na liczbę i konfigurację sieci stanowisk sejsmologicznych ocena ta odnosiła się bardziej do rejonów eksploatacji, a nie do poszczególnych wyrobisk czy ścian eksploatacyjnych. Wykorzystując możliwości ścianowego (oddziałowego) systemu obserwacji sejsmologicznej dla rejonu ściany 6 w pokładzie 510, nie tylko poprawiono jakość rejestracji wstrząsów górotworu, ale także stało się możliwe wykorzystywanie do oceny stanu zagrożenia sejsmicznego ścianowej tomografii pasywnej, analizy zmian współczynnika b rozkładu Gutenberga-Richtera, parametru prędkości drgań PPV oraz parametrów źródła sejsmicznego.

EN

Mine seismological observations are carried out to determine the risk of shocks and rock bursts, but because of the number and configuration of the network of seismological stations the assessment referred more to the regions of mining operations, and not to the individual workings or active longwalls. Taking advantage of the longwall (sectional) seismological observation system for the area of longwall 6 in seam 510, not only the quality of registration of rockmass shocks was improved, but also it was made possible to use it for the assessment of the seismic hazard condition of longwall passive tomography, analysis of changes of b coefficient of Gutenberg-Richter distribution of vibration velocity parameter /PPV/ and parameters of a seismic source.

11

Evaluation of the compatibility of ceramic ball head and femoral stem taper on the new type THR

Rehak L., Zitnansky M.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 44, nr 1

58-61

EN

Purpose: of this paper was follow up of compatibility of femoral component taper from TiAl6V4 ELI acc.ISO5832-3 and ceramic head of the new type of total hip join replacement THR - ZRM in vitro. Design/methodology/approach: from december 2006 to august 2007 we have tested THR taper component and ball ceramic head. On the base of our patents ( SK, CZ, EU, USA) from 1999 to 2006 we have designed and developed the new type of cementlesss THR - ZRM. These total hip replacements were tested in our prospective study. We have evaluated compatibility and loading resistance of taper of THR ZRM made from TiAl6V4alloy ELI and ceramic ball head Biolox forte (28-12/14L) by tests of burst strength, pull out, rotational stability, fatigue and post-fatigue. Tests were monitored independent observer. Findings: in the burst test were tested 7 parts and average loading was 54 kN. The reached values comply with the requirements according to CeramTec procedure VA 02 04 4129 and the FDA Guidance document for the preparation of premarket notifications for ceramic ball hip systems. In the fatigue test all specimens test at a maximum load of 14 kN reached 10 million cycles without mechanical failure. The post fatigue test was performed with load of 46 kN and no failure of head and taper system was observed. The pull-off tests were made with pull out strength of 1439 N has been used on 5 parts and no pullout of ceramic ball head of taper femoral component was observed. Last was the test of rotational stability, where ball head was rotational stable under strength of 1254 Ncm. Research limitations/implications: this study was performed on the small group of spices but enough relevant according FDA and international ISO prescriptions. Originality/value: this study is original by publishing first results of the new cementless THR- ZRM tests of compatibility and fatigue of metal taper and ceramic ball head. Value of this paper is in vitro testing and prepares ZRM cementless THR for clinical use in human.

12

Failure criteria used in structural optimization

Błachut J.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Mechanika

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2008

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R. 105, z. 4-M

5-18

EN

Mechanisms of the loss of structural integrity, i.e. bifurcation, snap-through, first-cycle shakedown, burst pressure, brittle failure, etc. are discussed for internally and for externally pressurised domed closures onto cylindrical pressure vessels. The concept of a plastic load and its suitability for optimal design of experimental results backing the concept.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono typowe mechanizmy utraty funkcjonalności zamknięć zbiorników cylindrycznych obciążonych ciśnieniem wewnętrznym lub zewnętrznym. Rozważono bifurkację, przeskok, sprężystą adaptację jednocyklową, wyczerpanie nośności, kruche zniszczenie itd. Wprowadzono też koncepcję obciążenia plastycznego oraz jego zastosowanie do optymalizacji dennic ze stali miękkiej. Przytoczono wyniki doświadczeń weryfikujących tę koncepcję.

13

Aktualizacja badania odporności na serie szybkich elektrycznych stanów przejściowych (EFT) – zmiany w normie IEC 61000-4-4

Niechcial F.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2007

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R. 83, nr 9

76-78

PL

Ostatnia wersja normy IEC 61000-4-4 weszła w życie w lipcu 2004 roku. Zastąpiła ona wcześniejsze edycje. Wprowadzono w niej istotne zmiany dotyczące częstotliwości impulsów, weryfikacji impulsów, specyfikacji układów sprzęgających i odsprzęgających oraz metody testowania.

EN

The latest version of the IEC 61000-4-4 was released in July 2004. This version has immediately replaced former editions. It made some major changes concerning pulse frequency, pulse verification, specification of the coupling/decoupling network and the test setup.

14

An Analysis of the Complex State of the Stresses in Paper as Exemplified with Bursting Test

Szewczyk W., Tarnawski W.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2004

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Vol. 12, no. 3 (47)

87--90

EN

Among the research works that have been carried out in the Institute of Papermaking and Printing of the Technical University of Łódź, an attempt has been made to describe the complex state of the in-plane stresses of paper. The paper used for the bursting test has been considered as a thin film in which the existing stresses and strains have been evaluated. The material constants have been evaluated on the basis of the results of the uniaxial stress. The calculations of the bursting pressure and strains of the specimen being burst have been carried out using the selected hypotheses on strength properties, considering paper as an elastic or viscoelastic body. The obtained results of the calculations have been compared with the results of the measurements in order to verify the accepted assumptions and the methodology of the calculations.

PL

W ramach badań przeprowadzonych w Instytucie Papiernictwa i Poligrafii Politechniki Łódzkiej podjęto próbę opisu złożonego stanu naprężeń w płaszczyźnie papieru. Papier poddany próbie przepuklenia potraktowano jako cienką błonę i określono panujące w nim naprężenia i odkształcenia. Stałe materiałowe wyznaczono w oparciu o wyniki prób jednokierunkowego rozciągania. Obliczeń ciśnienia przepuklenia i odkształceń przepuklanej próbki dokonano przy wykorzystaniu wybranych hipotez wytrzymałościowych, traktując papier jak ciało sprężyste i lepkosprężyste. Uzyskane wyniki obliczeń porównano z wynikami pomiarów w celu weryfikacji przyjętych założeń i metodyki obliczeń.

15

Specyfika badań kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej urządzeń elektrotechnicznych

Galla J. S., Hartman M., Zimmermann K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Łódzka

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1999

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z. 93

95--102

PL

W artykule opisano specyficzne, dodatkowe wymagania, jakie muszą być spełnione w badaniach kompatybilności elektromagnetycznej urządzeń elektrotechnicznych o prądach znamionowych powyżej 16 A. Jako przykład wybrano następujące badania: - odporność na udary napięciowe 1,2/50 μs, - odporność na szybkie zakłócenia impulsowe - odporność na napięcia indukowane o częstotliwościach radiowych w zakresie 0,15 do 230 MHz, - pomiar emisji napięć zakłóceń przewodzonych w zakresie 0,15 do 30 MHz. - pomiar zawartości harmonicznych w prądach fazowych. Opisano stanowiska badawcze do wymienionych wyżej prób ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sieci sprzęgająco - odsprzęgających na prądy znamionowe powyżej 16 A oraz wymagań dotyczących źródeł zasilania. Przedstawiono stanowiska do badań urządzeń elektrotechnicznych w Laboratorium EMC Oddziału Instytutu Elektrotechniki w Gdańsku.

EN

The article discusses the issue of specific additional requirements which need to be met during EMC tests of electrotechnical equipment with input current of above 16 A per phase, this problems have been described in this paper. As a example the following tests: - surge 1,2/ 50 μs immunity test, - fast transient/burst immunity test, - immunity to conducted disturbances induced by radio frequency fields, in frequency range of 0,15 MHz to 230 MHz., - voltage disturbance emission measurements, - harmonics measurement, have been chosen and analysed. Discussed are test set-ups used for the aforementioned tests with special attention paid to coupling- decoupling networks for currents rated above 16 A. Requirements for power supply have also been laid out in detail. Test set-ups for electrotechnical equipment as used in the EMC laboratory of the Gdansk Branch of Electrotechnical Institute were also described.