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1
Content available Assessment of cargo handling operation efficiency in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone for standard bulk carriers in the view of significant amplitudes of roll as a limiting criterion
Kacprzak Paweł
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2023
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nr 74 (146)
55--64
EN
Experienced ship roll during loading is the easiest parameter to observe and measure on board of a loaded ship. Therefore, the ship’s significant roll amplitudes should be the key limiting factor in view of the safety and efficiency of cargo handling operations at sea. For the example of three standard bulk carriers, the authors prepared a method of assessment of bulk carrier suitability to perform safe and efficient cargo handling operations in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in view of significant amplitudes of roll. Via a calculation of the efficiency index for a set of limiting amplitudes of roll during loading simulation, we are able to analyze ship effectiveness. The application of the above-mentioned method can be employed as a useful tool to predict the lowest allowable significant amplitudes of roll when the required efficiency level is specified. Additionally, a calculation is made for the operable days where cargo operations are possible. Investigations show that, according to applied criteria, the effectiveness drops, and not every bulk carrier can perform safe cargo handling operations at sea.
2
Content available Application of 2nd generation stability code for 7600DWT bulk carrier with high value of GM, being in dead ship condition in irregular waves
Kacprzak Paweł
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2023
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nr 75 (147)
14--19
EN
The main issue of this article is to apply and investigate the application of second stability criteria for bulk carriers in typical loading conditions sailing in irregular waves. The author, by the use of linear strip theory, calculates the significant amplitudes of the ship roll with respect to wave height, incident wave angles, and mean sea period. A basic stability analysis, in this case, could be insufficient when considering other related factors like cargo shift, taking up water on the weather deck, wind gusts, inaccuracy of transverse metacentric height, and the case of changing transverse metacentric height in long-crested waves. This article shows that, in some waving conditions, the weather criteria based on standard assumptions of the ISC 2008 may be insufficient. The application of the author’s method of safety margin may increase vessel safety in view of weather criteria.
3
Content available An analysis of vertical shear forces and bending moments during nodule loading for a standard bulk carrier in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone
Cepowski Tomasz, Kacprzak Paweł
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2019
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nr 60 (132)
184--191
EN
This article presents an analysis of vertical shear forces and bending moments during nodule loading in the case of a standard bulk carrier around the Clarion–Clipperton Zone. An operational efficiency index was applied to an assessment of internal forces during loading which took into account wave heights and periods around this zone. The aim of this research was to investigate whether waves could have a negative effect on loading efficiency and to estimate the nodule mass that can safely be loaded onto a standard bulk carrier taking these waves into account. Moreover, a calculation was made to discover the acceptable vertical shear force percentage limit, while also taking into account wave activity during loading.
4
Content available Regression formulas for the estimation of engine total power for tankers, container ships and bulk carriers on the basis of cargo capacity and design speed
Cepowski Tomasz
Polish Maritime Research
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2019
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nr 1
82--94
EN
This article presents regression formulas for the preliminary design of tankers, bulk carriers and container vessels, based on the data of ships built from 2000 to 2018. The formulas could have practical application for the estimation of total engine power by using ship’s deadweight or TEU capacity and speed. The regressions presented in this article are based on the most recent data and were developed for individual sub-types of tankers, bulk carriers and container ships. The presented regressions comply with trends found in the literature and offer greater accuracy for characteristics of new-built ships.
5
Content available Propulsion and maneuvering systems’ characteristics of the U.S. flagged great lakes self-unloading bulk carriers
Przybylski M.
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
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2018
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Vol. 13, no 1
78--88
EN
Paper contains an overview of the propulsion and maneuvering systems’ characteristics of United States flagged Great Lakes self - unloading bulk carriers. A contrast between the importance of the transport task carried by those vessels to their low number and considerable age suggests the need to review and understand their complexity as well as complexity of their operations in order to provide suitable energy- and operational efficiency upgrades. Such review can prove to be challenging due to limited information available in the literature. Environment in which those vessels operate and their operational profile have been also reviewed due to the fact that they gave rise to the unique hull - form that subsequently influenced the propulsion and maneuvering system design in a significant manner. The environment and operational profile were also found to influence propulsion and maneuvering systems’ form more directly: through the requirements posed on vessels maneuvering capabilities and propulsive power requirements.
6
Content available Floodable length of a bulk carrier
Kałkowska E.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2017
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nr 51 (123)
71--77
EN
With regards to safety, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) regularly issue regulations and technical standards for the design and construction of ships in order to safeguard the crew and people on board. In light of these regulations, three issues concerning the properties of a bulk carrier are investigated. Initially the floodability of a bulk carrier is researched to investigate the largest possible volumes of compartments which can be flooded without causing a bulk carrier to capsize. The results are determined by means of a marine design software, Maxsurf Enterprise.
7
Content available Prediction of a newbuilding proce of the bulk carriers based on gross tonnage gt and main engine power
Cepowska Ż., Cepowski T.
Management Systems in Production Engineering
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2017
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nr 1 (25)
42--45
EN
The paper presents mathematical relationships that allow us to forecast the newbuilding price of new bulk carriers, based on data concerning vessels built in 2005-2015. The presented approximations allow us to estimate the price based on a gross tonnage capacity and a main engine power The approximations were developed using linear regression and the theory of artificial neural networks. The presented relations have practical application for estimation of bulk carrier newbuilding price needed in preliminary parametric design of the ship. It follows from the above that the use of artificial neural networks to predict the price of a bulk carrier brings more accurate solutions than linear regression.
PL
W publikacji przedstawiono matematyczne zależności pozwalające na prognozowanie ceny budowy masowców budowanych w latach 2005-2015. Przedstawione aproksymacje pozwalają na oszacowanie ceny w oparciu o pojemność rejestrową GT i moc napędu. Aproksymacje zostały opracowane przy wykorzystaniu regresji liniowej i teorii sztucznych sieci neuronowych. Przedstawione zależności mają praktyczne zastosowanie do szacowania ceny budowy masowca dla potrzeb wstępnego parametrycznego projektowania statku. Z badań wynika, że zastosowanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych do prognozowania ceny masowca przynosi dokładniejsze rozwiązania niż wykorzystanie regresji liniowej.
8
Content available Method for Reserve Determination of Static and Dynamic List of Bulk Carriers Applied to the Dynamic Under Keel Clearance System in the Port of Świnoujście
Drwięga K., Gucma L., Gralak R.
Annual of Navigation
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2017
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No. 24
89--102
EN
The paper presents the methodology for determining the components which are related to heel of bulk carrier with one component excluded - the heel of vessel due to waves. The described method was applied to the system, which is dedicated to use in determination of UKC of vessels at the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie. The method includes determination of heel caused by: draught reading errors, wind, current, tugboats and heel related to vessel maneuvers. To determine heel related to vessel maneuver 2-stage method was carried out. The first stage simulation was used to identify the parameters of ship movement. At the second stage, the maximum heel of Bulk Carrier were calculated by using analytical methods. Presented method was implemented to the item rating under keel clearance at the approach to the Port of Swinoujscie.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodykę określania składników związanych z przechyłem Capesize masowca, nie uwzględniając przechyłu od falowania. W metodzie zawarto określenie składowych przechyłu od błędów odczytu zanurzenia jednostki, działania wiatru, prądu, holowników oraz przechyłu związanego z manewrami jednostki. Ostatnia składowa została określona za pomocą metody dwuetapowej. Na etapie pierwszym za pomocą metod symulacyjnych określono parametry ruchu jednostki. Następnie z użyciem metod analitycznych określono maksymalne przechyły masowca. Przedstawioną metodę zaimplementowano do systemu oceny zapasu wody pod stępką na akwenie podejściowym do Portu w Świnoujściu.
9
Content available Approximating the added resistance coefficient for a bulk carrier sailing in head sea conditions based on its geometrical parameters and speed
Cepowski T.
Polish Maritime Research
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2016
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nr 4
8--15
EN
The article presents the mathematical function to calculate the added wave resistance transfer function for bulk carriers. Based on this function, the statistical mean added wave resistance generated by an irregular head wave with arbitrary statistical parameters can be forecasted. The input parameters are: waterplane area, waterplane coefficient, ship speed, and frequency of the regular wave. The model has been developed based on the theory of artificial neural networks. The presented function can be used in design analyses, and for planning shipping routes in situations when basic geometrical parameters of the hull are only available and not the full technical documentation. The article presents sample cases of use of this function to calculate the added wave resistance transfer function and the statistical mean added wave resistance. Another presented application refers to waterplane coefficient optimisation taking into account the added wave resistance at the stage of preliminary bulk carrier design.
10
Content available An approach to the corrosion analysis of bulk carrier hull structure
Ivošević S.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
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2015
|
R. 56 nr 3 (202)
23--32
EN
Numerous bulk carrier hull structural damage analyses are based on the study of fatigue of materials and corrosion processes. Different theoretical and empirical models have been developed to describe the time-dependent characterization of corrosion of ship structures. In accordance with the existing rules of Maritime Classification Societies, the whole ship hull structure of each of the 12 almost 25-year-old bulk carriers considered in this paper, is divided into 11 structural areas. Motivated by Preliminary Risk Assessment, and using the data on the estimated amounts of the steel removed over these structural components during the whole exploitation period, here we estimate and compare the qualitative and quantitative risk levels related to the corrosion wastage over all bulk carriers’ structural areas.
PL
Wiele analiz strukturalnych uszkodzeń kadłubów masowców opartych jest na badaniu zmęczenia materiałów i procesów korozji. Opracowano różne modele teoretyczne i empiryczne w celu opisania charakterystyk zależnych od czasu korozji struktur okrętowych. Zgodnie z istniejącymi przepisami morskich towarzystw klasyfikacyjnych cała struktura kadłuba okrętowego każdego z dwunastu prawie dwudziestopięcioletnich masowców rozpatrywanych w niniejszym artykule jest podzielona na jedenaście obszarów strukturalnych. Zainspirowany wstępną oceną ryzyka, wykorzystując dane dotyczące oszacowanych ilości stali usuniętej ze strukturalnych komponentów w całym okresie eksploatacji, autor szacuje i porównuje jakościowe i ilościowe poziomy ryzyka w odniesieniu do strat korozyjnych w obszarach strukturalnych wszystkich masowców.
11
Content available Approximate method of calculation of the wind action on a bulk carrier
Żelazny K.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2014
|
nr 38 (110)
131--135
EN
While a ship is sailing, wind is acting upon the ship hull above water. As a result, additional resistance, as well as transfer drift force and drift moment emerge. The article presents an approximate method of calculating these forces for bulk carriers, in the form useful at preliminary ship design, when only basis ship dimensions are known.
12
Content available A method of calculation of ship resistance on calm water useful at preliminary stages of ship design
Żelazny K.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2014
|
nr 38 (110)
125--130
EN
During preliminary stages of ship design, decisions on ship properties are made only with little knowledge on ship hull geometry – a ship designer has only the basis dimensions at his disposal. Therefore on these initial stages of ship design, methods of calculation of ship properties (eg. resistance) on the basis of basic design criteria are indispensable. The article presents a new method of calculation of bulk carriers resistance which proves exact even with a minimum number of geometrical parameters of a ship’s hull.
13
Content available Innovative software for planning and simulation of cargo handling and ballast water exchange on the ship
Cepowski T.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
|
2013
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nr 35 (107)
15--21
EN
The paper presents an innovative computer programs “Kalkulator” and “Sekwencja” for planning and simulation of cargo handling operations and the exchange of ballast water for bulk carrier B-517 series. The software is designed to develop and simulate particular loading stages based on the loading programs or water ballast exchange plans. The programs presented in article show new trends in development of loading calculators.
14
Content available remote Stan światowej floty masowców
Hajduk J.
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport
|
2013
|
z. 96
201--210
PL
Masowce przeznaczone do przewozu różnego rodzaju ładunków sypkich luzem należą do kategorii statków towarowych. Wyróżniają się specyfiką konstrukcji, a względy ekonomiczne powodują, że statki tego typu obok zbiornikowców budowane są, jako statki bardzo duże. Szereg zatonięć masowców w warunkach sztormowych spowodowało konieczność wdrożenia specjalnych środków bezpieczeństwa dla tego typu statków.
EN
Bulk carriers, intended for the carriage of all kinds of bulk cargoes in bulk fall into the category of cargo ships. Stand out specificities of structure, and economic considerations mean that vessels of this type are built oil tankers next, as a very large ships. A series of sinkings of bulk carriers in heavy seas caused the need for the implementation of special safety measures for this type of ships.
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