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Doświadczenia z obserwacji skutków eksploatacji górniczej w obiektach zabudowy śródmieścia Bytomia

Mika W.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

2015

nr 3

29--35

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki obserwacji budowlanych obiektów zabudowy śródmieścia Bytomia, położonych w zasięgu wpływów eksploatacji górniczej prowadzonej w latach 2013–2014. Przedstawiono ogólną charakterystykę techniczną obserwowanych obiektów, stan techniczny przed podjęciem obserwacji, stwierdzone zmiany stanu technicznego oraz zalecone prace i działania z zakresu profilaktyki budowlanej, a także wnioski z prowadzonych obserwacji, dotyczące skutków eksploatacji górniczej w obiektach zabudowy powierzchni i monitorowania stanu technicznego obiektów budowlanych w czasie ujawniania się wpływów eksploatacji.

The article presents results of construction observations in Śródmieście district of Bytom, in the area of influence of mining operation of Ruch Centrum KWK "Bobrek-Centrum". The mine runs exploration for hydraulic filling in the lower layer of 510 bed, in protection pillar for town centre, and with fall of roof in beds 615 and 620 in the vicinity of the pillar. Construction observations have been conducted since March 2013 and cover selected buildings, public utility facilities and industrial facilities sensitive to influence of operations. Until March 2014 a total of 458 facilities have been subject to this. Since April 2014 it covers 332 facilities. As a result of observations made, changes to technical condition of 310 facilities have been recorded. These changes resulted from the occurrence of new damages, expansion of scope and scale of existing damages, as well as renovation and securing works made. To guarantee operation safety and to improve usability of the facilities under diagnosis, various types of repair and construction prevention works in 301 facilities has been contracted; in 53 facilities because of influence of mining exploration and in 282 facilities regardless of these influences. The observations made have shown that in old housing facilities many of the damages are not connected to mining exploration and result from natural wear of structural and finish elements, incorrect operation and construction faults. In current practice, during observation of mining exploration results in housing facilities, most attention has been given to damages visible on building façade, in staircases and rooms. Experiences in construction observations in Bytom has shown that the buildings in question need technical inspection in basements and attics. Results of observations in Bytom suggest that worn-down buildings, buildings with load-carrying structure damaged and buildings with excessive deflection from vertical position, need construction observations when base shows deformations regardless of mining influence size. Correctly programmed and performed diagnostic works in surface construction facilities allow for safe mining exploration under developed areas and efficient protection of construction facilities against exploration effects.