W artykule przedstawiono wybrane systemy samonośnych hal i wiat łukowych, takie jak ABM/UBM, HUPRO, TG Buildings, PENEDER Feuerschutz GmbH. Dodatkowo, w oparciu o system ABM/UBM, autor pracy przedstawił charakterystykę procesu wytwarzania paneli samonośnych oraz wznoszenia stalowych hal łukowych.
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The paper describes selected systems used to design self-supported arch buildings and roofs, such as ABM/UBM, HUPRO, TG Buildings, PENEDER Feuerschutz GmbH. Additionally, the author of the paper provided a characteristic of the process of fabrication of self-supporting panels and building up of arch steel buildings based on the ABM/UBM system.
W pracy opisane zostały dostępne systemy produkcji drewna litego wraz z przykładami ich zastosowania. Na podstawie systemu drewna litego, księżycowego, łączonego na kołki, Holz100 firmy Ing. Erwin Thoma Holz GmbH, przedstawiono parametry możliwe do uzyskania decydujące o wykorzystaniu tego materiału do budowy budynków zrównoważonych o możliwie najniższych parametrach termicznych.
W artykule przedstawiono analizę wyników badań własnych, przeprowadzonych w latach 2009-2014, dotyczących analizy struktury zasobów mieszkaniowych z budynkami wznoszonymi w technologii prefabrykowanej. Analizę szczegółową wykonano na podstawie odtworzonej lokalizacji budynków prefabrykowanych i udziału poszczególnych systemów w skali kraju, w odniesieniu do 49 województw. Wyniki każdego z analizowanych systemów przedstawiono na mapie Polski, a następnie nałożono je na mapę zbiorczą, aby uzyskać obszary o największym zróżnicowaniu eksploatowanych systemów, co może implikować powtarzalne problemy techniczne. Taka analiza stanowi uaktualnienie wiedzy o strukturze zasobów mieszkaniowych zrealizowanych w technologiach uprzemysłowionych, a w przyszłości może być pomocna w opracowaniu wzorcowych projektów modernizacji, poprzedzonych badaniami diagnostycznymi.
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The paper presents the analyses of research carried out during the years 2009-2014, concerning the structure of polish housing estates with prefabricated buildings. Detailed analysis was prepared on the basis of reconstruction of the prefabricated buildings’ location in 49 voivodeships. The results for each systems were presented in the map of Poland and in the joint map, showing the concentration and diversification of systems, implying repeating technical problems. Such analyses update the knowledge about prefabricated systems and may be useful in preparing the modernization projects, preceded by diagnostic research.
The actual load-bearing capacity of elements of a building system can be calculated by dynamic parameters, in particular by resonant frequency and compliance. The prerequisites for solving such a problem by the finite element method (FEM) are presented in the article. First, modern vibration tests demonstrate high accuracy in determination of these parameters, which reflects reliability of the diagnosis. Secondly, most modern computational complexes do not include a functional for calculating the load-bearing capacity of an element according to the input values of resonance frequencies. Thirdly, FEM is the basis for development of software tools for automating the computation process. The article presents the method for calculating flexural stiffness and moment of inertia of a beam construction system by its own frequencies. The method includes calculation algorithm realizing the finite element method.
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Tematem artykułu jest wpływ obciążeń stałych i zmiennych w czasie na ściany trójwarstwowe budynków w systemie OWT-67/N. Problem ten dotyczy przede wszystkim zewnętrznej elewacyjnej warstwy fakturowej, która jest narażona na oddziaływanie atmosferycznych czynników zewnętrznych. Do najbardziej destrukcyjnych należy zaliczyć siłę ssania wiatru oraz obciążenie temperaturą. W artykule zebrano wymienione obciążenia elewacyjnej warstwy fakturowej, stworzono model obserwacji na podstawie kwadratu łacińskiego z uwzględnieniem analizy wariancji, a następnie wyznaczono funkcję regresji, na podstawie której założono model obserwacji.Oceniono również jakość modelu oraz obliczono współczynnik determinacji, który informuje nas o tym, ile procent obserwowanego w próbie zróżnicowania zostało wyjaśnione liniową regresją. Przeprowadzono też alternatywną ocenę jakości modelu oraz próbę optymalizacji modelu.
EN
Topic of the article is the impact of fixed and variable loads during the three-layered walls of buildings constructed in the system OWT-67/N. This problem relates primarily to the outer cladding layer of the invoice, which is exposed to the effects of weathering external factors, which include the invoice or the layer most destructive factors, namely the influence of wind suction and temperature load. Collect the aforesaid invoice charge cladding layer, and then create a model based on the observation with regard to a Latin-square analysis of variance and regression function is then determined based on the established model of observation. Rated the quality of the model and calculated the coefficient of determination, which informs us howmany percent of the observed variation in the sample is explained linear regression. Also conducted an alternative assessment of the quality of the model and attempt to optimize the model.
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Currently, especially thanks to the financial support of EU's development funds and programmes, a major need to start a complex system of modernization of pre-fabricated housing is widely observed.
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Currently, especially thanks to the financial support of EU's development funds and programmes, a major need to start a complex system of modernization of pre-fabricated housing is widely observed.
A good building is characterized by structural and installation flexibility. Its another important feature consists in adaptability i.e. in potential subdivisions and modification of the functions owing to the fact that the type of activity conducted in a building object may be changed in course of its service life. There are several market requirements to be met by a building. The basic requirements are: the profit for the owner and developer, effective use of available space, low maintenance costs and possibility to generate profits. It is possible to determine the principles of engineering (POE) for a building on the basis of an assessment of quality of the already existing buildings. The following quality categories are determined in the framework of this method: technical, functional, behavioural, organizational and economic category. The users of the building as well as their needs and location in the building and the needs of this building are further elements to be considered. The purpose of the present article is to establish a definition of an intelligent building and to present a model of building automation system in this type of building as well as to present the examples illustrating the use of computer in order to reduce electric energy consumption. The issues associated with the designing of energy efficient systems in the scope of building management have also been discussed.
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This paper gives a short overview on the Ytong Building System and discusses possible seismic verification concepts. Moreover it proposes three-dimensional finite element models for unreinforced and reinforced walls panels in aerated autoclaved concrete on the basis of the concrete damage plasticity constitutive law implemented into the FEM toolkit ABAQUS. The paper focuses on an unreinforced ten panel shear wall and on a reinforced four panel shear wall. For the latter, two different solutions are developed: in the first the reinforcement is directly embedded into the AAC mesh, while in the second grouted cores around the reinforcement bars are taken into account. The quasi-static loading condition was simulated using both static and dynamic implicit analysis, switching from the former to the latter at the occurrence of nonlinearities. The simulation results show that the AAC shear wall models can correctly represent the load-displacement responses as well as the cracking patterns and crack propagations. The concrete damage plasticity constitutive law allows for a proper representation of the cyclic behavior and the damage accumulation of AAC shear walls, which is very important for the performance-based design of structures under seismic loading. Further researches are recommended in order to improve the results and to investigate different combinations of applied axial load, aspect ratios and reinforcement details. The long term goal is the development of a feasible and powerful deformation based seismic verification procedure for the Ytong Building System.
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