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1 International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

1 2008

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A Hybrid Model of WTC Collapse

Cherepanov G. P., Esparragoza I. E.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

2008

Vol. 13, no 2

575-585

A new theory of the WTC collapse is advanced that uses both fracture waves and progressive failure. According to the hybrid theory the WTC collapses ran in two phases: (i) in the first phase dynamic fracture waves disintegrated a considerable part of the towers producing the dust cloud and explosion sound well-documented and well-evidenced, and (ii) in the second phase the progressive failure front disintegrated the lower part of the towers that remained intact in the first phase. To illustrate many possible modes of progressive failure the slowest mode, the fastest mode, and three intermediate modes were first studied and then the hybrid mode was introduced. The hybrid theory allows one to get rid of evident defects of earlier theories and explain all basic facts and observations of the matter not understood before, in particular, why the time of all collapses was free fall time independent of the position of critical floor. An analysis and calculations given in the present paper do not depend on how fracture waves were produced.