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Wpływ niewielkich zbiorników na temperaturę wody rzek nizinnych na przykładzie Jeziorki i Rządzy

Łaszewski M.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2015

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Vol. 24, No. 1

13--25

PL

W pracy dokonano analizy wpływu niestratyfikowanych zbiorników wodnych na transformację ustroju termicznego niewielkich rzek nizinnych w letnim półroczu hydrologicznym 2014 roku. Pomiary terenowe przeprowadzono na przykładzie zbiornika w Głuchowie na rzece Jeziorce i zbiornika w Rządzy na rzece Rządzy za pomocą cyfrowych rejestratorów temperatury. Poniżej zbiorników stwierdzono wyraźne podwyższenie średnich, maksymalnych i minimalnych miesięcznych wartości temperatury wody. Wykazano także znaczne skrócenie czasu trwania optymalnej temperatury wody dla pstrąga potokowego oraz wydłużenie czasu trwania górnej początkowej temperatury letalnej dla narybku pstrąga. Wnioski wydają się szczególnie cenne z punktu widzenia optymalizacji gospodarki rybacko-wędkarskiej.

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the impact of unstratified water reservoirs on stream thermal regime transformation in the summer period of the hydrological year 2014. Field measurements were carried out using digital temperature data loggers on the example of the Głuchów reservoir (Jeziorka river) and Rządza reservoir (Rządza river). Results showed a clear increase in the average, maximum and minimum monthly values of water temperature below the reservoirs. It was also found that below the reservoirs duration of the brown trout thermal optimum was sig- nificantly decreased and the duration of the upper incipient lethal temperature for brown trout fries was slightly increased. Conclusions appear to be particularly valuable in the context of optimizing fisheries management.

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Pasożyty jelitowe młodocianych ryb łososiowatych zlewni dolnej Odry i środkowego Niemna

Pilecka-Rapacz M., Kazlauskiene N., Kesminas V, Czerniawski R.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 1

671--682

EN

Atlantic salmon died out in Poland during the 1980s. The current population was recreated with Latvian salmon and now forms part of the southern Baltic cohort. Polish sea trout and brown trout come from the home cohort, but have survived only with regular restocking. In Lithuania, all the salmonides are from the home cohort and have not been restocked. The aim of this study was to compare parasitic invasion in juvenile salmonides that come from Poland and Lithuania. The juvenile salmonides in this study came from the lower Oder River basin and from the middle of the Neman River. 153 fish were caught using electrofishing from 2004 to 2006. The salmonides in the Oder had been artificially restocked and those in the Neman were wild. 33 salmon, 58 sea trout and 24 brown trout came from small tributaries of the Oder; 22 salmon, 5 sea trout and 11 brown trout came from tributaries of the middle Neman River. The fish were either 0+, 1+, or 2+ years old. Their size was characteristic for their species at that age, which suggested that they were in good condition. Our examination found 6 species of parasites from 3 taxa: Cestoda – Cyathocephalus truncates; Nematoda – Cystidicoloides ephe¬meridarum and Raphidascaris acus; and Acanthocephala – Acantho¬cephalus lucii, A. anguillae and Metechinorhynchus truttae. We found all three taxa of parasites in all the salmonides that came from the tributaries of the Oder, but all three taxa were found only in salmon from the Neman tributaries. In sea trout and brown trout from tributaries of the Nemen River we found only Nematoda. The invasion frequency was much higher in salmonides that came from tributaries of the Oder River than in salmonides from tributaries of the Nemen River. In tributaries of the Oder River, 57.6% of the salmon, 62.1% of the sea trout, and 58.3% of the brown trout had parasites. In tributaries of the Nemen River, 27.3% of the salmon, 40% of the sea trout, and 36.4% of the brown trout had parasites. In salmonides from both rivers the most common parasites were C. ephemeridarum, M. truttae, and C. truncatus. The other species of parasites were found in very few cases. Older salmonides had greater numbers of parasites. Although the salmonides came from different rivers and had different origins, the species of parasites that they had were typical for their family. In conclusion, parasite invasion is similar in salmonides both from the lower Oder River basin and from the middle of the Neman River.

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Porównanie warunków termicznych wód rzek Raby i Świdra

Łaszewski M., Jeleński P.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2013

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Vol. 22, No. 3

239--248

PL

W pracy, na podstawie danych pomiarowych uzyskanych z cyfrowych rejestratorów w roku hydrologicznym 2012, przedstawiono zakres i zmienność temperatury wody Raby w Myślenicach i Świdra w Wólce Mlądzkiej. Porównanie wyznaczonych parametrów statystycznych pozwoliło stwierdzić istotne zróżnicowanie warunków termicznych obydwu rzek, szczególnie w miesiącach zimowych oraz letnich. Na potrzeby opracowania określono także wartości parametrów ekologicznych, uwzględniających wymagania termiczne pstrąga potokowego. Wykazały one, iż wody Świdra odznaczają się zdecydowanie korzystniejszymi warunkami termicznymi do bytowania tych cennych ryb zimnolubnych, co może mieć istotne implikacje dla gospodarki rybacko-wędkarskiej.

EN

This paper, based on continuous measurements collected by digital data loggers in the hydrological year 2012, presents the range and variability of water temperature in the Raba River in Myślenice and the Świder River in Wólka Mlądzka. Comparison of estimated statistical descriptors led to the conclusion that thermal conditions of mentioned rivers are significantly different, especially in winter and summer periods. Ecological descriptors, which included thermal requirements for brown trout, were also used for this study. It was found that the Świder River has definitely much more appropriate thermal conditions for the existence of these valuable coldwater fish, which may have important implications for the fisheries management.

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Tracing the genetic origin of brown trout (Salmo trutta) re-colonizing the Ecker reservoir in the Hartz National Park, Germany

Kohlmann K., Wüstemann O.

Environmental Biotechnology

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2012

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Vol. 8, No. 2

39--44

EN

The Ecker reservoir and its main tributary had been free of brown trout (Salmo trutta) for several decades due to cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic acidification. However, after the decline of emissions in the 1990s and the resulting rise of water pH to suitable for brown trout values, the species began to recolonize its original habitats. In the main tributary first brown trout individuals were caught in 2008 and in the reservoir in later years as well. Stocking could be excluded in both areas. Therefore, the present study was aimed to trace the genetic origin of these brown trout by genotyping eight microsatellite loci in samples collected in the reservoir, its main tributary, potential refugia and - for comparison - from two areas downstream of the dam being physically isolated for about 70 years. Genetic variability within populations (average number of alleles per locus), genetic differentiation between populations (FST values and genetic distances), occurrence of certain alleles and results of assignment tests indicated that the Ecker reservoir was re-colonized from two sources: the Große Peseke, a small direct inflow into the reservoir, and the Fuhler Lohnsbach, a parallel flowing brook connected to the reservoir by a pipe. Genetic data also supported recolonization of the main tributary from the reservoir but not in the opposite direction. Moreover, bottleneck effects were evident in brown trout populations upstream of the dam compared to the two populations downstream of the dam.

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Pasożyty pstrąga potokowego (Salmo trutta m. farlo L.) wsiedlonego do Chojnówki - cieku w Puszczy Bukowej k. Szczecina

Pilecka-Rapacz M., Czerniawski R.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2010

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Tom 12

689-695

PL

Pstrągi potokowe Salmo trutta m. fario żyją w potokach górskich i wyżynnych o prądzie szybkim, dnie kamienistym i żwirowatym. Wymagają wody czystej i chłodnej. Prowadzą osiadły tryb życia, wykazują terytorializm, raczej trzymają się miejsc, które zajęły, zasiedlając kryjówki wśród kamieni, podmytych korzeni, w zagłębieniach dna. Czasem odbywają niewielkie wędrówki w poszukiwaniu odpowiednich żerowisk lub miejsc tarłowych. Kiedyś były to ryby masowo hodowane w stawach, obecnie są wypierane przez pstrąga tęczowego i ich znaczenie jako ryb hodowlanych zmalało. W środowisku utrzymują się dzięki wprowadzeniu wymiaru i okresu ochronnego a przede wszystkim dzięki prowadzeniu stałych zarybień wylęgiem i narybkiem przez Polski Związek Wędkarski. Są to bowiem ryby bardzo cenione przez wędkarzy [1]. Z przeglądu polskiego piśmiennictwa parazytologicznego wynika, że lista znanych pasożytów pstrąga potokowego obejmuje 18 gatunków [2, 3, 4, 5]. Badania parazytofauny dotyczyły przede wszystkim pstrąga z terenów Polski południowej [6, 7, 8] i Pomorza Wschodniego [2, 9]. Prezentowane badania dotyczą pstrąga potokowego wsiedlonego w ramach eksperymentu do niewielkiego cieku w Puszczy Bukowej

EN

Brown trout Salmo trutta m. fario live in mountain and hill streams with fast currents, rocky and gravel bottom. It requires clean, cool water. It leads sedentary lifestyle, shows territorialism, rather sticks to sites that it occupied, colonizing hiding places among rocks, washed over roots, in bottom depressions.Sometimes brown trout takes a small journeys in search of suitable feeding and spawning sites. Once they were mass-bred fish in ponds, now are being replaced by rainbow trout and their importance as a bred fish has declined. Brown trout persists in the environment through the introduction of assessment and the period of protection, above all by conducting regular stocks with hatchPasożyty pstrąga potokowego (Salmo trutta m. fario L.) wsiedlonego ing and fry by the Polish Angling Association. Indeed, brown tout is highly prized by anglers. A review of the Polish parasitological literature shows that the list of known parasites of brown trout includes 18 species. Research of parasitofaunamainly concerned trout from southern Poland and East Pomerania. The present study concerns brown trout stocked within the experiment to a small stream in the Puszcza Bukowa, Szczecin, Polnad. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of parasitic invasion in 39 brown trout. The study took place from 2001 to 2003 in Chojnówka stream. Chojnówka is a small stream, about 6 km long and about 1.3 m wide, located in north-western Poland, in the Szczecin Landscape Park "Puszcza Bukowa". It flows from the artificially banked up pond "Marzanna Pond" and flows toward the north at the bottom of the scenic gorge crossing a richly sculptured terminal moraine within the nature reserve "Bukowe Zdroje". Its bed is dug and banks are characterized by a slight slope. A few tiny streams flow into Chojnówka from the right side. The stream flows in the closed channel through Szczecin Zdroje and flows into Cegielinka - Regalica branch. In the stream there was no native fish fauna. Fish (1+ to 3+ years old) came from Chojnówka stream in Puszcza Bukowa in Poland. Their average length was 22,79 cm, average weight 116,42 g and Fulton's coefficient was 0,95. Only three fish had parasites; each of these had only one Nematoda C. ephemeridarum. The frequency of parasitic invasion in brown trout from Chojnówka stream is very low. This is because of the lack of any other fish species in this stream that can host parasites during different stages in their life-cycle.