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Breeding Ecology of the Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus ibericus : First Data from North Africa

Bougaham Abdelazize Franck

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 1

51--56

EN

Till now, the breeding biology of several North African bird populations has been little studied, particularly that of the southern populations of Iberian chiffchaff Phylloscopus ibericus. In the present study, total of 31 nests of Iberian chiffchaff were monitored in the northeastern Algeria during 2013-2017. The nesting period, clutch and brood sizes, and reproductive success of the species were determined. The first egg-laying dates of the first broods were spread over the first twenty days of April. There were significant among-year variations in nesting seasons. The Iberian chiffchaff clutch sizes averaged 4.51 eggs. The number of hatchlings and fledglings averaged 4.09 and 3.54 nestlings, respectively. There is no correlation between the nest height above the ground and the hatching and the breeding success of the species. Predation and nest abandonment were the main causes of the breeding failure of the Iberian chiffchaff in studied population, however, in general the breeding success was high – 80.7%. Breeding data for the Iberian chiffchaff at the southern edge of its breeding range in North Africa show smaller clutches and production of fewer young compared to the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita in Europe.

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Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Productivity in Relation to Habitat Features and Different Spatial Scales

Manikowska-Ślepowrońska B., Ślepowroński K., Jakubas D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 3

384--398

EN

Life history traits of birds like survival or reproduction are strongly related to habitat features which affect food and nest-site availability. However, impact of habitat variables on life-history traits, which may be scale-dependent is barely studied. We investigated the relationships between landscape features and productivity (expressed as the number of 21–38 day old chicks per nest) of a colonial waterbird, the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea in northern Poland. In 2014 we analysed the landscape features (hydrographic features, habitat area, habitat patchiness and distances to the nearest water bodies, coastline, rivers/canals, buildings and roads) around the six colonies. We analysed all those features in four spatial scales around the colony: close proximity of the colony (0–1 km), closer foraging grounds (0–10 km), far foraging grounds (0–20 km) and far foraging grounds excluding close foraging areas and proximity of the colony (10–20 km). The differences in productivity among the colonies was not significant in the studied year (mean number of chicks ± SD: 3.57 ± 0.52). At each spatial scale excluding 10–20 km radius, Grey Heron productivity increased with increasing habitat heterogeneity and decreased with increasing length of rivers/canals and area of pastures. The results of this study indicate that the spatial scale of 0–10 km was the best to indicate relationships between landscape features and productivity in herons. Distance to the nearest river/canal banks, buildings and roads were related positively to productivity. Our study revealed the importance of landscape complexity of aquatic and terrestrial habitats for the Grey Heron productivity.

3

The influence of nest placement on breeding success of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla L.) in two different forest habitats

Zieliński J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

391-401

EN

One of the hypotheses to explain a lack of relationship between nest location and breeding success of passerine birds predicts that in an environment characterized by a high diversity of predators that use a variety of foraging strategies, clutches in different locations and degrees of concealment may be equally subject to destruction. In this study I assumed that the impact of nest location on breeding success of the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla would differ in habitats characterized by significantly different species richness and, consequently, population density and species diversity of potential predators. Thus, I expected that the influence of the nest location and particularly its concealment on breeding success of the Blackcap would be more significant in a habitat characterized by the overall low biotic diversity and low vegetation density. The study was conducted in two forested areas located in central Poland - managed pine forest characterized by low biodiversity and vegetation density and floodplain forest consisting of much higher biodiversity and having higher stand density. I assessed the influence of Blackcap nest placement (concealment, height above the ground, nest plant height, distance from the nest to the closest edge of the nest plant) on breeding success. Among the analyzed parameters, only nest concealment had a significant impact on breeding success. This conclusion, however, pertains only to the pine forest, where successful nests were better concealed than nests with clutch losses. Similar relationships were found in the floodplain forest area, but they were not statistically significant.

4

The influence of climate conditions on breeding phenology of the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea L. in northern Poland

Jakubas D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 1

179-192

EN

The breeding phenology of the Grey Heron Ardea cinerea L. was investigated in three colonies situated on the Baltic Sea coast in Poland in 1999-2002. The heronries differ in localization (inland vs coastal) and local climate conditions. In inland location, air temperatures in spring were lower by 1.1-1.5[degrees]C and ice cover was present on foraging grounds longer by 19-29 days comparing to coastal ones. Herons occupied all colonies in similar dates (multi-year median date for all colonies: 5 March). However, birds from one coastal heronry tended to start breeding 9-10 days earlier (multi-year median date: 28 February) than birds from other colonies, what might be possible due to early presence of herons in the vicinity. Accessibility of foraging grounds (lack of ice cover) in spring was an important factor affecting the onset of breeding as dates of colony occupation, egg laying and hatching were positively correlated with the dates of last ice cover occurrence on the foraging grounds (r> 0.75, P <0.05). Intercolony differences in hatching dynamics might result from various frequencies of replacement clutches, and nests of late breeding subadults. In one season (2002), the number of medium-aged chicks per nest and fledging success were negatively correlated with the hatching date. Since chick mortality rate during last three weeks before fledging was not correlated with hatching date (suggesting similar food conditions in the course of the season), worse breeding parameters late in the season could be reflected in the lower clutch size or/and hatching success/chick survival rate during the first three weeks in nests of late breeders (i.e. subadults and replacement breeders).

5

Nest survival in a large river valley: an experiment using artificial nests on an island and bank of Vistula River (Poland)

Żmihorski M., Lewtak J., Brzeziński M., Romanowski J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 1

197-203

EN

Predation pressure, which varies among habitats, is important factor for selection of nesting sites by birds. We investigated artificial nest depredation on an island 23 ha in size and on the river bank covered by willow-poplar forest and meadows in the middle Vistula river valley, in the spring and autumn 2006. We used polyurethane thrush-size nests placed at three heights (ground, bush and tree) with one quail egg. Each nest was checked twice, 7 and 14 days after the beginning of the experiment, in total 381 nest-inspections was included. Additionally, we live-trapped rodents (data from 510 trapnights included) which are potential predators of broods. We found that the survival rate of artificial nests was higher on the island as compared to the bank. Artificial nests placed on the ground revealed the higher survival rate than the nests placed on trees and bushes. Nest survival rate was higher in the autumn than in the spring. Repeatability of the results (survived vs. depredated) for the first and second 7-day period was high but lower on the island as compared to the bank. The abundance of rodents was higher on the bank during the spring, but no difference was recorded in the autumn. Rodents were also more abundant in the autumn than in the spring. This may indicate that survival rates of nests were not affected by rodents directly.

6

Effect of the colony edge on the clutch size and fledging success in the Little Egret Egretta garzetta (L.)

Uzun A., Kopij G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 2

393-396

EN

The term "edge effect' can be defined as an abrupt and local change in the abundance, diversity, composition etc. at the edge of any distinct, spatial patches (structure(s). It usually refers to forest/field, meadow/shrub and other ecotone environments. This effect in relation to breeding densities and success in birds has been the focus of considerable debate (Manolis et al. 2002). The edge of bird colony is expected to affect similarly on avian population (Krebs 1974). Although such studies can be very useful for management and conservation strategies, they are scarce in the Mediterranean.

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Female characteristics and breeding success of the Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis (Temm., 1815) in natural forest (Białowieża Forest, East Poland)

Mitrus C.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 2

225-231

EN

The relation between Collared Flycatcher females' selected characteristics (age, body condition and wing length) and breeding success was studied during seven breeding seasons (1995-2001) in nest-boxes in old-growth oak-lime-hornbeam of Białowieża Forest (Eastern Poland). Yearling females started laying almost three days later and produced smaller clutches (6,1 vs. 6,4 eggs) with fewer nestlings (5,4 vs. 6,1) and fledglings (5,1 vs. 5,7) than did older females. No differences were found in partial losses (i.e. proportion of eggs or nestlings that did not fledge). Body condition had influence only on time of egg laying. Wing length of young females was positively correlated with number of fledglings but no relations were found with other reproductive parameters. Age may be a key factor influencing breeding success in female Collared Flycatchers in the natural conditions in Białowieża Forest.

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Wieloletnia dynamika liczebności oraz sukces lęgowy bociana białego ciconia ciconia w kolonii we wsi Kłopot nad Odrą

Jerzak L., Radkiewicz J., Bocheński M.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2004

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nr 131(12)

159-164

PL

W pracy przedstawiono historię kolonii bociana białego we wsi Kłopot od 1968 do 2003 roku. Liczba par zajmujących gniazda zmieniała się w zakresie od 19 do 33 (średnia = 25,7 pary). Największa liczba par wystąpiła na początku lat 80. XX wieku. Pełne dane dotyczące sukcesu lęgowego przedstawiono w dodatku 1. Znaczny spadek stwierdzono po 1990 roku. Najprawdopodobniej jest to spowodowane zaprzestaniem koszenia wielu łąk i wypasu bydła w dolinie Odry.

EN

We present the long-term history of the white stork colony in the village of Kłopot, west Poland, from 1968 to 2003. The number of breeding pairs fluctuated between 19 and 33 (average = 25,7). The highest number of pairs was observed in 1980. Complete data about the breeding success are presented in appendix 1. We observed a rapid decline in the number of breeding pairs through the 1990s. The probable reason for the decline was the break down in the national farms system and which resulted in a cessation in grass cutting and the removal of cows from pastures.