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PL
Celem pracy jest porównanie dwóch wersji metody Trefftza zastosowanych do dwuwymiarowego zagadnienia potencjału opisanego równaniem Laplace’a. Posługując się metodą residuów ważonych, która umożliwia przejście od zagadnienia sformułowanego klasycznie do zagadnień sformułowanych wariacyjnie, otrzymuje się kolejno silne, słabe i odwrotne sformułowanie wariacyjne. W pracy porównano sformułowania silne i odwrotne. Przewidując rozwiązanie w postaci superpozycji funkcji Trefftza spełniających równanie różniczkowe oraz przyjmując jako wagi nieosobliwe funkcje Kupradze otrzymuje się równania bazowe metod oznaczonych symbolami O – S;T–K i I–S;T–K. Część pierwsza artykułu zawiera analizę teoretyczną metod oraz ich porównanie. W drugiej części pracy na przykładzie dwóch zagadnień brzegowych zamieszczono testy numeryczne obydwu metod. Implementację metod wykonano w środowisku Matlab. Jako przykłady wybrano dwuwymiarowe zagadnienia brzegowe opisane równaniem Laplace’a (proste zagadnienie Laplace’a, problem Motza). Przeprowadzone eksperymenty numeryczne umożliwiły ilościowe oszacowaniu dokładności metod oraz podały jakościową miarę błędów.
EN
The aim of this paper is the comparison of two versions of Trefftz method to the analysis of the boundary value problems of the two-dimensional Laplace’s equation. Using the weighted residual method, which allows the transformation of the classical formulation into variational ones, one obtains an original, weak and inverse variational formulation of the boundary problem. The solution of the problem is assumed as the superposition of regular Trefftz functions, which satisfy the differential equation. Taking Kupradze functions (K-functions) as the weighting functions (weights) one obtains equations of the O-S;T- and I-S;T-K methods. The first part of the paper contains the theoretical analysis of the methods and their comparison. Part 2 contains numerical tests of O-S;T-K and I-S;T-K methods, implemented in Matlab environment. As the examples, two-dimensional boundary value problems, governed by Laplace equation are chosen (simple problem, Motz problem). Numerical experiments allow for quantitative estimate of the accuracy of both methods and give a qualitative measure of errors.
PL
Celem pracy jest porównanie dwóch wersji metody Trefftza zastosowanych do dwuwymiarowego zagadnienia potencjału opisanego równaniem Laplace’a. Posługując się metodą residuów ważonych, która umożliwia przejście od zagadnienia sformułowanego klasycznie do zagadnień sformułowanych wariacyjnie, otrzymuje się kolejno silne, słabe i odwrotne sformułowanie wariacyjne. W pracy porównano sformułowania silne i odwrotne. Przewidując rozwiązanie w postaci superpozycji funkcji Trefftza spełniających równanie różniczkowe oraz przyjmując jako wagi nieosobliwe funkcje Kupradze otrzymuje się równania bazowe metod oznaczonych symbolami O – S;T–K i I–S;T–K. Część pierwsza artykułu zawiera analizę teoretyczną metod oraz ich porównanie. W drugiej części pracy na przykładzie dwóch zagadnień brzegowych zamieszczono testy numeryczne obydwu metod. Implementację metod wykonano w środowisku Matlab. Jako przykłady wybrano dwuwymiarowe zagadnienia brzegowe opisane równaniem Laplace’a (proste zagadnienie Laplace’a, problem Motza). Przeprowadzone eksperymenty numeryczne umożliwiły ilościowe oszacowaniu dokładności metod oraz podały jakościową miarę błędów.
EN
The aim of this paper is the comparison of two versions of Trefftz method to the analysis of the boundary value problems of the two-dimensional Laplace’s equation. Using the weighted residual method, which allows the transformation of the classical formulation into variational ones, one obtains an original, weak and inverse variational formulation of the boundary problem. The solution of the problem is assumed as the superposition of regular Trefftz functions, which satisfy the differential equation. Taking Kupradze functions (K-functions) as the weighting functions (weights) one obtains equations of the O–S;T–K and I–S;T–K methods. The first part of the paper contains the theoretical analysis of the methods and their comparison. Part 2 contains numerical tests of O–S;T–K and I–S;T–K methods, implemented in Matlab environment. As the examples, two-dimensional boundary value problems, governed by Laplace equation are chosen (simple problem, Motz problem). Numerical experiments allow for quantitative estimate of the accuracy of both methods and give a qualitative measure of errors.
3
Content available Diagnostic System Of Exploitation Machines
EN
This work presents the main descriptors of the diagnostic system of machine exploitation. This problem contains: the measurements of technical state symptoms, the determination of their boundary values, and the frequency of diagnostics. This problem and the tasks in the system of machine exploitation supported with computer techniques constitutes about the rank of the discussed problem.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia procedurę metodologii opracowania i weryfikacji praktycznej wielokryterialnego systemu oceny bezpieczeństwa ruchu i komfortu jazdy wagonów pociągu METRA, przy wykorzystaniu do tego miar stanu dynamicznego jego zespołów, dla potrzeb dynamicznego systemu eksploatacji.
EN
This article presents the results the methodology to elaborate and to verify a multicriterial system for the evaluation of the safety and comfort travelling of the vehicles Metro type through measurements of the dynamic state of the wheel sets in order to develop a system of dynamic exploitation under motion.
5
Content available remote Diagnostic system maintenance the ability of machines
EN
This work presents the main descriptors of the diagnostic system machines exploitation. Determine the measure of the technical state, the boundary value and the periodicity of diagnostics. Problems and the tasks of the system of the exploitation of machines with utilization of computer techniques were distinguished on this background.
6
Content available remote Theory of residual stresses with application to an arterial geometry
EN
This paper presents a theory of residual stresses, with applications to biomechanics, especially to arteries. For a hyperelastic material, we use an initial local deformation tensor K as a descriptor of residual strain. This tensor, in general, is not the gradient of a global deformation, and a stress-free reference configuration, denoted ..., therefore, becomes incompatible. Any compatible reference configuration ... will, in general, be residually stressed. However, when a certain curvature tensor vanishes, there actually exists a compatible and stress-free configuration, and we show that the traditional treatment of residual stresses in arteries, using the opening-angle method, relates to such a situation. Boundary value problems of nonlinear elasticity are preferably formulated on a fixed integration domain. For residually stressed bodies, three such formulations naturally appear: (i) a formulation relating to ... with a non-Euclidean metric structure; (ii) a formulation relating to ... with a Euclidean metric structure; and (iii) a formulation relating to the incompatible configuration ... . We state these formulations, show that (i) and (ii) coincide in the incompressible case, and that an extra term appears in a formulation on ... , due to the incompatibility.
PL
Przedstawiono relacje między zużyciem, stanem technicznym, symptomem i stanem zdatności/niezdatności urządzenia. Wyjaśniono pojęcia jakości, skuteczności i efektywności w przedsiębiorstwie. Wykazano związek między jakością w przedsiębiorstwie a wartością graniczną stanu zdatności i wartością graniczną stanu technicznego.
EN
Relations between wear, technical state, symptom and up/down states of a machine are presented. The concepts of the quality, efficiency and effectiveness in a company are explained. The relationship is shown between the quality in a company and the boundary values of up state and technical state.
EN
In this paper the boundary value problems for local gradient body are formulated and investigated. Using averaging over oscillation period operation there is obtained the set of differential equations for determining the averaged and wave components of thermo-elastic fields. The methods for approximate integration of this set are proposed (using expansion over the small parameter of the problem). The normal mode layer oscillations are studied for various mechanical conditions at the layer surfaces (fixed surfaces, one surface is fixed, both surfaces are free). The analysis of equations for normal mode frequency is carried out. The frequencies dependences on temperature and parameters being characteristics of interface nonhomogeneity are studied.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono metodę wyznaczania wartości ostrzegawczych i krytycznych sygnału drganiowego z wykorzystaniem Kart Kontrolnych Shewharta. Metoda ta została opracowana dla potrzeb diagnostyki wirówek cukrowniczych typu ACCW 1000.
EN
In the paper there was presented the warning and critical values estimation method of vibration signal with Shewhart control cards. The method was evaluated in purpose of diagnostic of sugar centrifuge type ACCW 1000.
10
Content available remote Some nonlinear problem to the equation [Delta]u-cu=f for a sphere
EN
The subject of the paper is the construction of a solution of the differential equation delta u (x) - c(x)u(x) = f(x, u(x)), in the spherical domain D = {x = (xt, x2, x,): | x | < R}, satisfying the Dirichlet boundary-value condition u(x) = h(x) for x e B(D). Let (x, y) -ť G(x, y) denote the Green function to the Laplace equation deltaG(x, y) = 0 in the sphere D and to the homogeneous boundary-value condition G(x, y) = 0 for x belong B(D), y belong D. Applying the change of the unknown function x -ť u(x) = u (x) + w(x), where u is a solution to the equation delta u (x, y) = 0 0, x belong D, with the boundary-value condition u(x) = h(x), x belong B(D), and w is a a new unknown function, we obtain the equation deltaw(x) = u + w(x)) + f(x,u(x) + w(x)) or the equation deltaw(x) = F(1)(x,w(x) = c(x)(u(x) + F(x,w(x)) with F(x, w(x)) = c(x)~w(x) + f(x, u(x) + w(x)), where x e D. Inverting the last problem by the Green function G, we obtain the integral equation w(x) = f, (x) + +fffF(y(w(y))G(x,y)dy, xbelongD, with f, (x) = fff c(y)u (y)G(x, y)dy, x belong D, and the homogeneous boundary-value condition w(x) = 0 for x e B(D). Solving by the Banach fixed point method the last equation we obtain w and u = u + w.
EN
We present classical and generalized Riemann-Hilbert problem in several contexts arising from K-theory and bordism theory. The language of Fredholm pairs turns out to be useful and unavoidable. We propose an abstract formulation of a notion of bordism in the context of Hilbert spaces equipped with splittings.
12
Content available remote Scattering by a slit in an infinite conducting screen.
EN
Cylindrical wave diffraction by a slit in an infinite, plane, perfectly conducting barrier in a homogeneous biisotropic medium is investigated. The source point is assumed far from the slit so that the incident cylindrical wave is locally plane. The slit is wide and the barrier thin, both with respect to wavelength. The boundary value problem is reduced to a Wiener-Hopf equation and solved approximately
EN
The subject of the paper is the construction of the periodic solutions to the w-caloric equation P"'u(x,t) = 0, P=D(2)*(2)-D, P(2) =P(P), Pm = P(P(m~l) in the strip (mathemical formula), satisfying the periodic boundary-value conditions (mathematical formula), where h(11)(t), h1,2(t) are the periodic functions with the period p > 0.
15
Content available remote Mixed algorithm for solving boundary value problem
EN
Symbolic computation has been applied to Runge-Kutta technique in order to solve two-point boundary value problem. The unknown initial values are considered as symbolic variables, therefore they will appear in a system of algebraic equations, after the integration of the ordinary differential equations. Then this algebraic equation system can be solved for the unknown initial values and substituted into the solution. Consequently, only one integration pass is enough to solve the problem instead of using iteration technique like shooting-method. This procedure is illustrated by solving the boundary value problem of the mechanical analysis of a liquid storage tank. Computation was carried out by MAPLE V. Power Edition package.
16
Content available remote Filtration in cohesive soils : numerical approach
EN
Paper presents a numerical method for solving the initial boundary-value problem for a certain quasilinear parabolic equation describing the low velocity filtration problem. The convergence of the method is proved.
17
Content available remote Filtration in cohesive soils : mathematical model
EN
The paper discusses the physical basis of the process of filtration of water in a case of very low velocities and presents the mathematical model of the process, based on a new constitutive formula. The existence and uniqueness of a weak solution to the resulting nonhomogeneous initial boundary-value problem is then proven.
EN
The aim of this paper is the discussion on the applicability of some rectangular elements to plane strain boundary value problems. Four different elements were considered: 4-node, 5-node, Serendipity 8-node and Lagrangian 9-node. Two cases: the material layer loaded by a concentrated vertical force and the same layer loaded by a symmetrical rigid punch were discussed. An elastic material was used to avoid the influence of the constitutive model on solutions. To model interface behaviour on the contact surface a Coulomb friction condition was applied. The use of the 4- and 5-node elements resulted in the prediction of the 'island' pattern of stress and strain tensors distributions and their non-applicability was proved independently from the boundary condition. The 8-node element predicted erroneous distributions of nodal forces and should be avoided in the case of contact problems. Among the discussed group of elements only the 9-node element turned out to be applicable for boundary value problems under plane strain condition.
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