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First evidence of arthropod herbivory in calamitalean stems from the Pennsylvanian of Germany

Laaß Michael, Kretschmer Sophie, Leipner Angelika, Hauschke Norbert

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2020

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Vol. 90, No. 3

219--246

EN

Arthropod borings are commonly described from pteridophyte and gymnosperm wood in the late Palaeozoic, but they are almost unknown from calamitalean stems. In this paper, a new type of boring in calamital- ean stems from two German localities is reported. These are the mine dumps of Plötz near Halle (Saale), Saale Basin, (Wettin Subformation, Latest Pennsylvanian, Gzhelian, Stephanian C) and the Piesberg quarry near Osnabrück, Subvariscan Foreland Basin, (Osnabrück Formation, Middle Pennsylvanian, latest Moscovian, Asturian/ Westphalian D). Most borings were found in marginal parenchyma of the internodes. They run longitudinally through the pith. The borings are preserved as three-dimensional casts that protrude on the surface of considerably compressed pith casts. This unique preservation of the boring casts required special taphonomic conditions, such as rapid burial coupled with different sediment infilling of the borings and the pith cavity, as well as anoxic conditions to prevent decomposition of the non-resistant parenchyma. Most borings are between 3 to 5 mm wide and contain two classes of invertebrate coprolites: the smaller coprolites are sub-spheroidal in shape and measure (37 to 74) x (37 to 63) pm in diameter. The larger coprolites are also sub-spheroidal and range between (88 to'158) x (68 to 123) pm in diameter. The coprolites, the morphology of the borings, as well as the feeding strategy of the arthropods, suggest that the tunnel system was most likely produced by small millipedes (Myriapoda) and probably also visited by oribatid mites.

2

A new etching trace from the Savignone Conglomerate (Oligocene), NW Italy, probably produced by limpet gastropods

Uchman A., Rattazzi B.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2018

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Vol. 68, no. 4

651--662

EN

A new ichnogenus and ichnospecies (Solealites ovalis) of etching trace is preserved on the surfaces of clasts from the Savignone Conglomerate (Oligocene) in the Palaeogene Piemonte Basin in NW Italy. It is a shallow, oval depression with a central elevation, which was produced probably by limpet gastropods and served as their home scar, but other gastropods or even sea anemones are not excluded as the trace makers. The conglomerate is interpreted as a deposit of a fan delta, whose clasts have been bioeroded in an intertidal and shallow subtidal shore zone and redeposited to the deeper sea.

3

Lower Kimmeridgian layer with bored and encrusted hiatus concretions (Upper Jurassic, Central Poland) : implications for stratigraphy and basin evolution

Krajewski M., Olchowy P., Felisiak I.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2014

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Vol. 84, No. 2

113--129

EN

The paper presents a comparative analysis of a Lower Kimmeridgian layer with bored and encrusted hiatus concretions collected in three study areas, located in Central Poland. These studies demonstrate distinct similarities between the hiatus concretions in terms of their origin, development and stratigraphic position. The layer with its characteristic concretions seems to represent an important marker horizon for the Lower Kimmeridgian successions in Central Poland. The identification of this marker horizon in drill cores and exposures could be important for definition of the stratigraphic position of the sediments, which otherwise lack appropriate biostratigraphic information. The matrix of the concretions is composed of pelagic calciturbidites, which reflect flooding of the early Kimmeridgian platform. These sediments were lithified early and formed a hardground. The origin of the hiatus concretions probably is related to erosion of the hardground, followed by redeposition and several phases of exhumation and erosion, preceding final burial. The characteristic ecological successions, observed in the concretions, document an evolution from soft to firm and hard marine substrates, typical of hardgrounds and evidenced by various burrows, borings (Gastrochaenolites, Trypanites), and epizoans. Calciturbidite sedimentation, hardground erosion and redeposition of the hiatus concretions, known from deposits of the Platynota Zone in Central Poland, were associated with synsedimentary activity of the Holy Cross Fault, on the NE margin of the extensive, tectonic Małopolska Block.

4

O kryteriach efektywnego usuwania zwiercin z dna otworu sprężonym powietrzem

Bęben A.

Surowce i Maszyny Budowlane

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2006

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nr 5

28-31

5

Relative sea-level changes recorded in borings from a Miocene rocky shore of the Mut Basin, southern Turkey

Uchman A., Demírcan H., Toker V., Derman S., Sevim S., Szulc J.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2002

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Vol. 72, No 3

263-270

EN

Cretaceous limestones from the basement of the Neogene Mut Basin are strongly sculptured by borings, including mainly clionid sponge borings Entobia ispp., bivalve borings Gastrochaenolites torpedo and G. lapidicus, the polychaete boring Caulostrepsis taeniola and Meandropolydora isp. The borings are replaced subsequently; as a rule the succession begins with C. taeniola and terminates with Entobia ispp. The discussed boring producers display various tolerance for light, energy and depth conditions, hence their succession may reflect environmental changes, related to marine transgression, proceeded upon rocky coast area. Since such a coast could be devoid of sedimentation for a long time, the possible reconstruction of relative sea-level change may be inferred exclusively from nonsedimentological criteria i.e. from the succession of endolithic borings. Therefore the borings may be employed as useful tool in sequence stratigraphic procedure.

PL

Omawiana asocjacja drążeń jest typowa dla ichnofacji Entobia (sensu Bromley & Asgaard, 1993b), która zwykle występuje powyżej podstawy normalnego falowania i jest charakterystyczna dla wieloletnich okresów ekspozycji i bioerozji. Drążenia Gastrochaenolites torpedo, produkowane przez małże Litophaga lithophaga występują wyłącznie w płytkiej (10 m głębokości), bardzo czystej, pozbawionej zawiesiny wodzie, na stromym skalistym podłożu. Bardziej toleracyjne na dostawę materiału osadowego, G. lapidicus i C. taeniola mogą być tworzone na bardziej połogim podłożu i nieco większych głębokościach (Fig. 7). Zaobserwowano nakładanie się jednych drążeń na drugie. Po-wierzchnie skolonizowane najpierw przez wieloszczety (Caulostrepsis) były następnie drążone przez małże (Lithophaga i Hiatella) produkujące Gastrochaenolites ispp. (Fig. 4B). Później, w większych głębokościach wkroczyły drążące gąbki z rodzaju Cliona produkujące Entobia ispp. (Fig. 5A). Drążenia występują także w muszlach ostryg (Fig. 4C, D; Fig 5B), licznych w dolnej części utworów transgresywnych. Zewnętrzna powierzchnia muszli jest zdecydowanie silniej podrążona niż ich strona wewnętrzna, co wskazuje na początek bioerozji jeszcze za życia ostryg. Przedstawiona sukcesja drążeń jest wynikiem stopniowo zmieniających się warunków środowiskowych, związanych z postępującą transgresją (Fig. 8). Wynika z tego, że drążenia mogą być użytecznym narzędziem do rekonstrukcji różnorodnych zmian środowiskowych, w tym względnych zmian poziomu morza, zachodzących w obrębie skalistych stref brzeżnych zbiorników morskich.