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1

New boron selective sorbents for sorption – membrane hybrid system

Dach Barbara, Bryjak Marek, Bryjak Jolanta, Łużny Rafał

Polimery

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2022

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Vol. 67, nr 4

158--161

EN

The synthesis and properties of core-shell sorbents dedicated to the removal of borates from aqueous solutions were described. By modification of polymer matrices with vinylbenzyl chloride followed by its derivatization with N-methyl glucamine a new kind of sorbents were obtained. The testing of boron sorption reviled that the process efficiency was related to the pore diameter and the content of ligand in the sorbent. The best material for use in a hybrid system, where boron is absorbed by fine particles and removed in microfiltration, was Poropak Q with a specific surface area of 300 m2/g.

PL

Opisano syntezę i właściwości sorbentów typu rdzeń-otoczka przeznaczonych do usuwania boranów z roztworów wodnych. Poprzez modyfikację matryc polimerowych chlorkiem winylobenzylu, a następnie ich derywatyzację za pomocą N-metyloglukaminy otrzymano nowy rodzaj sorbentów. Badania sorpcji boru wykazały zależność wydajności procesu od średnicy porów i zawartości ligandu w sorbencie. Najlepszym materiałem do zastosowania w systemie hybrydowym, w którym bor jest absorbowany przez drobne cząstki i usuwany w procesie mikrofiltracji, okazał się Poropak Q o powierzchni właściwej 300 m2/g.

2

Evidence of high-temperature rock salt transformations in areas of occurrence of borate minerals (Zechstein, Kłodawa salt dome, Poland)

Toboła T. T., Wachowiak J.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 1

134--145

EN

Occurrences of borate minerals in the Zechstein salt-bearing deposits of the Kłodawa salt dome (central Poland), and the manner of their development, suggest that the minerals were formed at high temperatures, that considerably exceed the temperature estimated from the thermal gradient (~180°C). Research on rock salt and potassium-magnesium salts containing congolite and boracite, respectively, are consistent with high-temperature processes of transformations affecting the salt rocks in certain sections of the salt dome. The chemical composition of, and daughter minerals occurring in, primary fluid inclusions in halite, originating from the congolite zone, indicated a very high proportion of potassium and magnesium in the brines from which the halite crystallised. The thermal transformations observed in inclusions indicate a halite crystallisation temperature exceeding 420°C. Anhydrite crystals, co-occurring with borate minerals, represent unique features as to the distribution and composition of solid and fluid inclusions. These features indicate crystallisation or recrystallisation in conditions that differed considerably from those typical of the salt dome, with the involvement of solutions of changing chemical compositions. The crystals contain multiple solid inclusions of transparent and non-transparent minerals, among which we have focused on carnallite. The relationships of carnallite with liquid and gaseous phases indicate, as in the congolite zone, migration of very highly concentrated brines with respect to potassium and magnesium, or even transport of carnallite in the form of melt (liquid). Measurements of fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures, within the range from 197.8 to 473.8°C, supported a high-temperature origin for these minerals in hydrothermal conditions.

3

Synthesis and characterization of double phase metal nickelates/borates

Çelik Gül G., Kurtuluş F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 76, nr 1

5--8

EN

Purpose: Purpose of this research is obtaining of metal nickelates and borates as double phase. These types of compounds display extraordinary structural diversity caused by boron and nickel which applicable in flame retardant, detergent, ceramic and such industries. Design/methodology/approach: Double phase metal nickelates and borates were weighed in an appropriate molar ratio and homogenized in an agate mortar. The mixture placed into a porcelain crucible to heat in conventional high temperature furnace. After the material was exposed to heat treatment at 900°C for 4 hours, and cooled down to room temperature with many grindings. Then, final products were analyzed by powder X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) using PANanalytical X’ Pert PRO Diffractometer (XRD) with Cu Kα (1.5406 Å, 45 kV and 30 mA) radiation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was achieved on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 FTIR Spectrometer from 4000 to 650 cm-1. Scanning electron microscopy was achieved in SEM JEOL 6390-LV. Luminescence properties were performed by Andor Solis Sr 500i spectrophotometer. Conventional solid state syntheses were done in Protherm furnace. Findings: Ni3B2O6/YBO3 and MoNiO4/Ni3B2O6 compounds as double phase were identified by powder XRD patterns and phase analysis of these compounds were completed by High Score Plus program. Vibrations of B-O and Ni-O bonds of functional groups were determined in FTIR spectrum benefiting from literature. Research limitations/implications: Implication of the synthesis method has some disadvantages such as low homogeneity, non-uniform product etc. We tried to minimize these negative aspects in our research and succeeded. Practical implications: Double phase Ni3B2O6/YBO3 and MoNiO4/Ni3B2O6 compounds were synthesized by high temperature solid state synthesis route. Structural properties and phase composition analysis were realized using powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Originality/value: Value of the paper is first time conventional synthesis of double phase Ni3B2O6/YBO3 and MoNiO4/Ni3B2O6 compounds, characterization of the structures, and investigation of morphological and luminescent properties.

4

Control of optical active borates nanocrystals agglomeration

Cieślik I., Węgłowski R., Żmija J., Kurzydłowski K., Płocińska M., Oćwieja M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 2

163--168

EN

Purpose: The purposes of this study explore the possibility of total control the agglomeration of nanoborates powders. The great potential of PDLCs can be enhanced by using dye-doped or nanoparticles-doped materials, such as borates [1]. It is important to know how to prepare nanoparticles in order to obtain a high level of dispersion in the composites. Otherwise, even small an agglomeration does not give a possibility on the appropriate characteristic of properties and interpretation of the results. The deagglomeration methods applied until now give the decrease of agglomeration to a lesser extent than our method. Characteristic size and shape of particles made with sol-gel process is difficult to perform. Design/methodology/approach: Nanopowders samples of YAB and LCBO were prepared with sol-gel method. Deagglomeration process was carried out using acetic acid. The morphology and size of nanopowders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallite sizes were determinated with IPS UA method. Findings: It was confirmed that the acetic acid influence on the decrease of agglomeration. It was also determined of conditions for preparation borates nanopowders samples (concentration acetic acind time and temperature of drying prepared samples). We have proved that a reagent used for deagglomeration process does not affect the structure of the investigated nanoborates used in an experimental. Research limitations/implications: The results can be used to the prepared of nanocompades of borates to observe a morphology and reliable assessment of nanocrystalline size. Originality/value: Our study shows how to prepare a sample of particles to observe morphology and measure the size of nanograins. In our study we found excellent solution, the medium, which not influence the inorganic nanomaterial structure. Result seems to be excellent and very perspective. We have showed as that measurement type influence the results of particles size.

5

Sorbenty stosowane do usuwania B(III) z roztworów wodnych

Pieńczak J., Warchoł J.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2013

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z. 60, nr 4

139--156

PL

Bor i jego związki są powszechnie stosowane w przemyśle produkcyjnym jako dodatki do szkła borosilikatowego, emalii, kosmetyków, tkanin, farb do drewna, detergentów, środków owadobójczych i dezynfekujących oraz leków. Uwalniane ścieki przemysłowe są głównym źródłem skażenia środowiska naturalnego związkami boru. Bor działa toksycznie na wszystkie rodzaje komórek w organizmie, przy czym najbardziej uszkadza nerki oraz centralny system nerwowy, skórę, błony śluzowe, przewód pokarmowy i wątrobę. Maksymalne stężenie boru w wodzie przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi zalecane przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia wynosi 0,5 mg B/dm3, natomiast wartość ta określona polskimi przepisami – 1,0 mg B/dm3. Obecnie nie ma prostej i w pełni skutecznej metody pozwalającej na usunięcie boru z roztworów wodnych. Większość konwencjonalnych metod oczyszczania wody i ścieków pozwala na redukcję boru, ale nie zapewnia obniżenia jego stężenia do wartości normatywnych. Ze względu na wysoką efektywność i niskie koszty eksploatacyjne najbardziej atrakcyjne wydają się procesy sorpcyjne. W pracy dokonano przeglądu literatury na temat sorpcji jonów B(III) z roztworów wodnych na różnych materiałach sorpcyjnych. Przeprowadzono charakterystykę poszczególnych grup sorbentów, takich jak: węgle aktywne, żywice syntetyczne, popioły lotne, minerały, muł czerwony, biopolimery, ciecze jonowe, pod względem pochodzenia, budowy i mechanizmu sorpcji jonów B(III). W przypadku większości przedstawionych materiałów sorpcyjnych maksymalną efektywność sorpcji uzyskano dla odczynu pH = 9, w którym dominuje anion dwuwartościowy H10(BO3)4 2–.

EN

Boron is an essential element and micronutrient for plants but its essentiality for humans has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. It is commonly found as boric acid or borate ion in the soil and water and an essential element for plant growth and human health. The boron content in drinking, irrigation and wastewater is mostly regulated by the legislation of individual countries. According to WHO standards the maximum boron content in drinking water is limited to 0.3 mg/l. Different processes, such as coagulation, co-precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, solvent extraction and reverse osmosis, have been proposed and applied for recovering boron from aqueous solutions. As indicated in the literature, there is no evidence that boron compounds could significantly be removed by conventional methods. Therefore, adsorption, ion-exchange and reverse osmosis could be considered as the most appropriate techniques for the boron removal. This review collects the research results obtained for both commercial and alternative adsorption materials for B(III) removal. The structural characteristic and boron binding mechanism was discussed in relation to activated carbons (raw and impregnated), synthetic resins (Amberlite, Purolite, Diaion, Si-MG), polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), fly ash, natural minerals (magnesite), red mud, and biopolymers (chitosan, cotton). Alternative, low-cost adsorbents have been found to be highly promising materials for boron removal from contaminated waters.

6

Enhancement of colemanite flotation by ultrasonic pre-treatment

Ozkan S. G., Gungoren C.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2012

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Vol. 48, iss. 2

455-462

EN

Ultrasonic treatment methods are widely used for surface cleaning purposes prior to application of flotation. In this study, enhancement possibility for colemanite recovery was investigated with use of an ultrasonic bath prior to flotation. Representative colemanite ore samples from Hisarcik and Espey open pit mines, located in Emet, Turkey were used for this purpose. Ultrasonic flotation experiments were carried out by using circularly shaped RK-106 model of ultrasonic bath with constant frequency and power, manufactured by Bandelin GmbH in Germany and Denver Sub-2A type flotation machine with an impeller speed of 1200 rpm and 1 cubic decimeter capacity. The reagent for colemanite flotation was Cytec-R825 with variable dosages during conventional and ultrasonic flotation experiments. The results showed that ultrasonic pre-treatment helps desliming and hence yields more borate recovery in floated part with lower borate content in tailing than under conventional flotation conditions by using similar reagent dosages.

7

The effect of some boroorganic compounds on the properties of rigid polyurethane - polyisocyanurate foams

Czupryński B., Paciorek-Sadowska J., Liszkowska J., Polański J.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

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2003

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Vol. 47, nr 2

115-125

EN

The method of boroorganic compounds preparation by estrification of boric acid and various glycols has been described. The borates obtained i.e. tri(2-hydroxypropyl) borate - THPB, tri(2-hydroxybutyl) borate - THBB and tri(thiodiglycol) borate were applied to prepare the rigid polyurethane - polyisocyanurate foams (PIR-PUR). The foams were prepared by one-stage method and the amount of borates applied was various from 0.0 to 0.4 of the chemical equivalent. The borates used to prepare the foam composition caused the structure to become ordered. It favoured the reduction of their brittleness. Addition of borates reduced the flammability of foams what resulted in the increase of oxygen index. Introducing THPB and THBB into the foam composition caused a significant increase in compressive strength but addition of TTDGB caused its decrease. It is probably due to a long TTDGB chain containing sulphur atoms in its middle part what results in plastifization of foams. Our studies have shown tri(2-hydroxypropyl) and tri(2-hydroxybutyl) borates to be useful as an addition improving the polyurethene - polyisocyanurate foam properties; however, the usability of tri(thiodiglycol) borate is limited.