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Contents of phenolics and chemical elements in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) leaves from copper smelter area (SW Poland)

Mróz L., Demczuk M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 3

475-486

EN

Concentrations of the elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in the leaves of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and the soil in which it grew. Concentration of total phenolics in bilberry leaves was also determined. Soil and leaves were sampled at polluted site situated 10-13 km northeast of copper smelter at Głogów (SW Poland) and at a relatively clean site. Soil at the vicinity of the Cu-smelter contained significantly more Cu, Pb, Cd, S, and significantly less Mn, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni than the non-polluted soil. Bilberry leaves from polluted site contained significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, S, Fe and Cr and significantly lower concentrations of Mn and Zn. Furthermore, they had significantly higher level of total phenolics as compared with bilberry leaves from non-polluted site. Stepwise regression analysis enabled the identification of the leaf variables that best explain the variance pattern of the total foliar phenolics. This method indicated that the level of total phenolics in bilberry leaves increased with increasing concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd and S, and decreasing level of Mn and Zn in leaves. Total foliar phenolics in bilberry in the investigated area might be a suitable indicator of stress caused by environmental pollution of heavy metal and sulfur.

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Growth of Vaccinium myrtilis L. (Ericaceae) in spruce forests damaged by air pollution

Kukla J., Kuklova M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 1

149-155

EN

The growth parameters of the Vaccinium myrtillus shoots were studied on a vertical transect crossing localities "Muran" (1080-1110 m a.s.l., skeli-humic podzols, Fageta abietino-piceosa) and "Hliniky" (950-960 m a.s.l, dystric cambisols, Abieti-Fageta inferiora) in the protected zone of the National park "Slovensky raj" (Spis region, East Slovakia). In the localities, both contaminated by air pollution research plots in undamaged and damaged (with lower stand density and canopy compactness) spruce ecosystems were established. The content of Al and Cr was significantly higher in cambisols, and that of Cd - in podzols. The limit values calculated for both soils have been exceeded only in case of mercury. The Al content in bilberry twigs exceeded the background values (by 44-76%) in case of the both plots situated on locality "Muran", and that of Ni and Pb concentrations (by 3-60%) only on damaged plot. The mean content of Ni and Pb was significantly higher in bilberry twigs growing on podzols and the mean content of Al was significantly higher in plants on undamaged plots. The mean length, weight as well as energy content of bilberry twigs were significantly higher in damaged spruce plots (on average by 33%), probably due to favourable light conditions.

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Zastosowanie narzędzi geoinformatycznych w monitoringu szaty roślinnej Puszczy Niepołomickiej

Wężyk P., Goś M.

Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji

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2003

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Vol. 13a

265--275

PL

Na 185 powierzchniach monitoringowych FOREMMS, regularnie rozmieszczonych na obszarze Puszczy Niepołomickiej, w latach 2001–2002, przeprowadzono spis roślin naczyniowych runa. Do analiz w prezentowanej pracy wybrano: Carex brisoides L. (Turzyca drżączkowata) oraz Vaccinium myrtillus L. (Borówka czarna), uznając je za charakterystyczne obecnie jak i w przeszłości, dla flory Puszczy Niepołomickiej. Wyniki prac wykazały, że Carex brisoides L. wystąpiła aż na 117 (ze 185) powierzchniach, a Vaccinium myrtillus L. tylko na 67. Przypadków występowania obu tych roślin jednocześnie doliczono się tylko 30. Wykorzystując oprogramowanie ArcGIS 8.2 (ESRI) wygenerowano obrazy rastrowe (algorytmy interpolacyjne IDW oraz SPLINE) reprezentujące zasięgi oraz intensywność występowania wybranych gatunków roślin na obszarze Puszczy Niepołomickiej. Analizy przestrzenne GIS określiły powierzchnię konkurujących ze sobą Carex brisoides L. (7.037 ha; 66%) powierzchni Puszczy Niepołomickiej) oraz Vaccinium myrtillus L. (3.968 ha; 37%), a także areał wspólnego ich występowania (1.334 ha; 12,5%). Dla wybranych analizowanych zmiennych środowiskowych takich jak: pH (H2O, KCl), zawartość węgla organicznego (C%), azotu (N%), współczynnika C/N w wierzchniej warstwie gleby (0–7 cm) i ściole, zastosowano algorytm interpolacyjny Kriging. Obrazy rastrowe dwóch w/w gatunków roślin poddano korelacjom przestrzennym z opisanymi zmiennymi środowiskowymi. W wybranych przypadkach dowiedziono istnienia związków korelacyjnych (np. Vaccinium myrtillus L. z obrazem C/N = +0,68; jonami H+ = +0,59) co pozwala na potwierdzenie stawianych hipotez o zjawiskach antropopresji (immisje przemysłowe, zamiany odczynu wierzchniej warstwy gleby, wahania zwierciadła wód gruntowych, niezgodność składu gatunkowego drzewostanu z siedliskiem, itp.).

EN

Basing on over 185 regularly grid of the FOREMMS monitoring plots in Niepołomice Forest, inventory of plant cover was made. For presented analysis Carex brisoides L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. were choosen, recognized them as a characteristic for Niepołomice Forest flora now as in the past. The results of works proved that the Carex brisoides L. appears on 117 (from 185) plots and Vaccinium myrtillus L. appears only on 67. Together, those plants occur in only 30 events. Using the ArcGIS 8.2 (ESRI) software the raster images (IDW and SPLINE interpolation algorithms) representing occur ranges and intensity of chosen plant species, in extent of Nie-połomice Forest, were generated. The GIS spatial analyses defined area of intraspecific competi-ton Carex brisoides L. (7.037 ha; 66% of Niepołomice Forest) and Vaccinium myrtillus L. (3.968 ha; 37%) and also an acrea of their co-occurrence (1.334 ha; 12,5%). For chosen analysed environmental variables, like: pH (H2O, KCl), organic carbon content (C%), nitrogen content (N%), C/N ratio in upper soil layer and litter, the Kriging interpolation algorithm was used. Raster images of above-mentioned two plant species, were spatial correlated with description of environmental variables. In chosen events, existence of correlation was proved (e.g. Vaccinium myrtillus L. with C/N image = +0.68; H+ ions = +0.59) what permits to confirm of supposed hypotheses about man’s pressure on the environment occurrence (air pollutions, pH changes of upper soil layer, water-plane fluctuations, discordance of stand tree composition with forest site, etc.).