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1

The encapsulation of antibacterial drugs in polymer nanoparticles and their use in drug delivery systems on ZrO2 scaffold with bioactive coating

Pudełko Iwona, Desante Gaëlle, Pamuła Elżbieta, Schickle Karolina, Krok-Borkowicz Małgorzata

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

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Vol. 24, no. 161

21--27

EN

Bone infections are a challenging problem as they may cause a permanent patient disability and even death. Additionally, their relapse rate is relatively high. The implantation of a local drug delivery system can be an effective way to fight bone infections. In this study, we present the process of surface bioactivation and immobilization of nanoparticles loaded with drugs. Our aim was to improve osseointegration of the ZrO2 surface by coating it with a bioactive layer containing poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with antibacterial drugs (gentamicin and bacitracin) using a biomimetic precipitation method. The ZrO2 substrates were prepared via pressing and sintering. The CaP-coating was obtained by immersing the substrates in ten-times concentrated simulated body fluid (10×SBF). NPs were prepared by the double emulsion method and the drug loading in NPs was assessed. Thus obtained NPs were applied on bioactivated ceramic substrates by the drop-casting method or by introducing them in the 10×SBF solution during the bioactivation process. The NPs were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The NPs size and the Zeta potential were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The microstructure of the coating and the efficiency of the NPs incorporation were tested by SEM. In this study, we proved the presented process to be an effective way to obtain biomaterials that could be used as drug delivery systems to treat bone infections in the future.

2

Solution blow spun poly-L-lactic acid/ceramic fibrous composites for bone implant applications

Wojasiński Michał, Ciach Tomasz

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 42, nr 3

275-–289

EN

Every bone implant to work correctly after implantation needs to integrate with the surrounding bone. To enhance such a process, called osseointegration, various techniques of implant surface modification emerged. One of the approaches is based on the deposition of nano- and submicron materials on the implant surface. This paper presents a solution blow spinning process for producing poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)/ceramic fibrous composites designed to be deposited directly onto orthopaedic implants prior to implantation to increase osseointegration. We produced plain PLLA fibrous materials for comparison, and fibrous composite materials with 𝛽-tricalcium phosphate (𝛽TCP), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified with lecithin (nHAp-LE). We performed the structural analysis of produced materials with scanning electron microscopy, gravimetric determination of porosity, and water contact angle measurement. We also used infrared spectroscopy, Alizarin Red S staining, and cytotoxicity evaluation to conclude that PLLA/nHAp-LE composite material shows the most promising properties to be applied as surface modification of bone implants. To visualise fibrous composite deposition on implants, we used two models: titanium plate and stainlesssteel bolt. Thus, we showed that the solution blow spun materials can be used for surface modification of orthopaedic implants.

3

Antibacterial Composite Layers on Ti: Role of ZnO Nanoparticles

Roguska A., Belcarz A., Suchecki P., Andrzejczuk M., Lewandowska M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

213--216

EN

Problem of Post-operative infections of implant materials caused by bacterial adhesion to their surfaces is very serious. Enhancement of antibacterial properties is potentially beneficial for biomaterials value. Therefore, the metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles attract particular attention as antimicrobial factors. The aim of this work was to create nanotubular (NT) oxide layers on Ti with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles, designed for antibacterial biomedical coatings. Antimicrobial activities of titanium, TiO2 NT and ZnO/TiO2 NT surfaces were evaluated against bacterial strain typical for orthopaedic infections: S. epidermidis. TiO2 NT alone killed the free bacterial cells significantly but promoted their adhesion to the surfaces. The presence of moderate amount of ZnO nanoparticles significantly reduced the S. epidermidis cells adhesion and viability of bacterial cells in contact with modified surfaces. However, higher amount of loaded nanoZnO showed the reduced antimicrobial properties than the medium amount, suggesting the overdose effect.

4

Antibacterial Composite Layers on Ti: Role of ZnO Nanoparticles

Roguska A., Belcarz A., Suchecki P., Andrzejczuk M., Lewandowska M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2016

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Vol. 61, iss. 2B

937--940

EN

Problem of post-operative infections of implant materials caused by bacterial adhesion to their surfaces is very serious. Enhancement of antibacterial properties is potentially beneficial for biomaterials value. Therefore, the metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles attract particular attention as antimicrobial factors. The aim of this work was to create nanotubular (NT) oxide layers on Ti with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles, designed for antibacterial biomedical coatings. Antimicrobial activities of titanium, TiO2 NT and ZnO/TiO2 NT surfaces were evaluated against bacterial strain typical for orthopaedic infections: S. epidermidis. TiO2 NT alone killed the free bacterial cells significantly but promoted their adhesion to the surfaces. The presence of moderate amount of ZnO nanoparticles significantly reduced the S. epidermidis cells adhesion and viability of bacterial cells in contact with modified surfaces. However, higher amount of loaded nanoZnO showed the reduced antimicrobial properties than the medium amount, suggesting the overdose effect.

5

Materiały stosowane do wytwarzania implantów kości

Janik H., Marzec M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2015

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T. 94, nr 2

182-185

PL

Materiały stosowane do wytwarzania implantów kostnych muszą być biokompatybilne, nietoksyczne, bioaktywne oraz wykazywać odpowiednie właściwości mechaniczne, takie jak wytrzymałość na ściskanie, na zginanie oraz sztywność i twardość. Gama stosowanych materiałów jest bardzo szeroka, obejmuje metale, polimery, ceramikę oraz ich kompozyty. Każdy z tych materiałów ma swoje mocne i słabe strony. Praca stanowi przegląd materiałów stosowanych do wytwarzania implantów kości, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem oferty rynku polskiego.

EN

A brief review, with 24 refs., of metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite materials.

6

Bioactivity of cement type bone substitutes

Siek D., Czechowska J., Mróz W., Zima A., Burdyńska S., Załęczny R., Ślósarczyk A.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 2

433--439

EN

In vitro chemical stability and bioactivity of three different cement type bone substitutes were determined by incubating cement samples in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 and 28 days. Morphology of sample surfaces has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was applied as a supplementary method. The development of bone-like apatite layers on the surface depended on their initial phase composition. Obtained cements showed good surgical handiness, high bioactive potential and were chemically stable. They seem to be promising materials for bone substitution.

7

Bioszkła i organiczno-nieorganiczne kompozyty dla inżynierii tkankowej kości

John Ł.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2012

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[Z] 66, 1-2

21-39

EN

The most demanded biomaterials for bone tissue engineering could be classified in two main sol-gel derived groups: bioglasses and organic-inorganic composites. The first of these include bioactive ceramics such as calcium phosphates (Tab. 2) [1], glasses and glass ceramics [2], and so-called inert ceramics (Tab. 1) such as Al2O3, zirconium and titanium dioxide, and carbon-based materials [3, 4]. Second-group of compounds constitute bioactive organic-inorganic hybrids, generally based on organic matrix and various inorganic dopants. Biomaterials in contact with human plasma and bone stem cells form, on their surface, hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAp) and its derivatives (Tab. 2). HAp-layer initiates bone growth and reconstruction of treated fragment (Fig. 2). These materials, due to the high degree of biocompability are considered as the most valuable compounds for bone surgery [5]. Extremely rapid development of biomaterials used in medicine caused the production of implants with different properties (Scheme 1). The real revolution and technological progress have brought biomimetic composites that mimic naturally occurring solutions in living organisms. The role of such implants is not only replacing the damaged parts of body, but – due to the appropriate morphology and composition – stimulating the growth of living cells (Fig. 3) and final bone regeneration. This article is devoted to this type of biomaterials proposed for bone tissue engineering.

8

Potential activation of the immune system on metallic materials for bone implants

Stranavova L., Bacakova M., Novotna K., Bacakova L., Fencl J.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2012

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Vol. 15, no. 116-117 spec. iss.

130--131

EN

Titanium and stainless steel are metallic materials that have been in use for a long time in orthopedics, traumatology and stomatology. These metals are strong, corrosion-resistant and biocompatible. However, metallic materials have some disadvantages in comparison with the natural bone, particularly their relatively high specific weight and toughness. For example, the Young's modulus of AISI316L stainless steel, Co-Cr alloys and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, i.e. materials frequently used for implantation into bone, ranges between 110-220 GPa, while the Young's modulus of bone tissue is 10-40 GPa [1]. In addition, these metals can release cytotoxic, allergenic and immunogenic ions, which can affect their biocompatibility [2, 3]. Implantation is a special type of transplantation process, in which the implant is inserted into the body, usually in order to replace an irreversibly damaged tissue. However, the immune system recognizes the implant as a foreign substance and attacks it with its effector mechanisms. Just as it can reject other types of transplants, the immune system can reject an artificial implant. To prevent rejection of an implant, it is important to study the potential activation of the immune system. This study has investigated the biocompatibility of samples made of pure titanium (according to quality standard ISO 5832-2) and corrosion-resistant steel (quality standards ISO 5832-1 and AISI 316L), obtained from Beznoska Ltd. (Kladno, Czech Republic), and the potential activation of the immune system by these materials. In addition to Fe, the steel samples contained C (max. 0.025 wt.%), Si (0.6 wt.%), Mn (1.7 wt.%), P (max. 0.025wt.%), S (max. 0.003 wt.%), Cr (17.5 wt.%), Ni (13.5 wt.%), Mo (2.8 wt.%), and Cu (max. 0.1 wt. %). The materials were used in the form of square samples (9x9 mm or 30x30 mm, thick¬ness 1 mm). Both the Ti samples and the steel samples were ground with SiO2. The surface of the steel samples was then treated by polishing with Al2O3 paste (grain size up to 1 um), while the surface of the Ti samples, i.e. a material not suitable for polishing, was finished by brushing using another type of Al2O3 paste with slightly larger grains. Thus, the surface of the steel samples was finally smoother and glossy, while the Ti surface was rougher and matte. For the in vitro biocompatibility tests, human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells (European Collection of Cell Cultures, Salisbury, UK) were used. The smaller samples (9x9 mm) were inserted into polystyrene 24-well cell culture plates (TPP, Trasadingen, Switzerland; well diameter 1.5 cm). Each well contained 25 000 cells (approx. 14 150 cells/cm2) and 1.5 ml of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM; Sigma, USA, Cat. No. 10270-106) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Cat. No. 10270-106) and gentamicin (40 /jg/ml, LEK, Slovenia). These samples were used for evaluating the size of the cell spreading area (day 1), and for evaluating cell shape and cell viability (days 1, 4 and 7 after seeding). The size of the cell spreading area was measured using Atlas Software (Tescan Ltd., Brno, Czech Republic). The viability of the cells was determined by the LIVE/ DEAD viability/cytotoxicity kit for mammalian cells (Invitrogen, Molecular Probes, USA). The larger samples (30x30 mm) were inserted into GAMA polystyrene dishes (diameter 5 cm; GAMA Group Joint-Stock Company, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic) and seeded with 300 000 cells/dish (approx. 15 300 cells/cm2) suspended in 9 ml of the above mentioned culture medium. These samples were used for evaluating the cell number on days 1, 4 and 7 after seeding, using a Beckman Vi-CELL XR Cell Analyser automatic cell counter. For the in vitro analysis of markers of osteogenic differentiation and cell immune activation, human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells (European Collection of Cell Cultures, Salisbury, UK) were used. The samples (9x9 mm) were inserted into polystyrene 24-well cell culture plates (TPP, Trasadingen, Switzerland; well diameter 1.5 cm). Each well contained 25 000 cells (approx. 14 150 cells/cm2) and 1.5 ml of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM; Sigma, USA, Cat. No. 10270-106) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Cat. No. 10270-106) and gentamicin (40 jg/ml, LEK, Slovenia). The cells were cultured for 1, 4, or 7 days at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% of CO2 in the air. On day 4 after seeding, the medium was changed; one half of the samples contained standard medium DMEM with 10% foetal bovine serum and gentamicin (40 jg/ml) mentioned above, and the second half contained osteogenic medium, i.e. the standard medium further supplemented with ß-glycerophosphate, L-glutamin, ascorbic acid, dihydroxyvitamin D3, dexamethason, 10% foetal bovine serum and gentamicin (40 jg/ml). Using an Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), we measured the concentration of the Inter¬cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1, a marker of cell immune activation) and osteocalcin (a marker of osteogenic cell differentiation). These measurements were performed in homogenates of cells on days 4 and 7 after seeding, and the concentration of both markers was measured per cell or per mg of protein. On day 7, the amount of osteocalcin was measured and compared in cells cultured in the standard and osteogenic media. We also measured TNF-а and IL- 1ß, i.e. other markers of cell immune activation. These cytokines are important mediators of the inflammatory response, and they are involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation and differentiation. We measured the secretion of these markers into the cell culture medium in murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA). The samples (9x9 mm) were inserted into polystyrene 24-well cell culture plates (TPP, Tra- sadingen, Switzerland; well diameter 1.5 cm). Each well contained 30,000 (approx. 16 980 cells/cm2) cells and 1.5 ml of the culture medium. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma; 10% fetal bovine serum, 40 jg/mL gentamicin). After 7 days of cultivation, the cell culture medium was collected and used for measuring the concentration of TNF-а and IL-1ß by a sandwich ELISA using commercially available kits. A mouse TNF-а kit and an IL- 1ß Quantikine ELISA kit were used for the RAW 264.7 cells. Both kits were purchased from R and D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) and used according to the manufacturer's protocol. The results indicated that the number of initially adhering MG 63 cells on day 1 after seeding was significantly lower on the titanium (5320±390 cells/cm2) and on the stainless steel (4110±370 cells/cm2) than on the control polystyrene culture dishes (7740±350 cells/cm2). However, on day 4 after seeding, the cell population density on both metallic materials became significantly higher than on the control polystyrene dishes (75200±2890 cells/cm2 on Ti and 90 870±2350 cells/cm2 on steel vs. 56440±1180 cells/cm2 on polystyrene). This suggests faster cell proliferation on both metallic materials than on polystyrene. At the same time, the cell number on the stainless steel samples was significantly higher than on the Ti samples. On day 7, the differences in the number of adhered cells on the two metals and on the control polystyrene substrate was on an average similar (from 328780±680 cells/cm2 to 362200±760 cells/cm2). The cell viability on all tested materials was almost 100% in all culture intervals. The morphology of the cells adhered on the studied materials was similar to the morphology of the cells on the control polystyrene dishes, i.e. the cells were mostly flat and polygonal, and the size of their cell spreading areas was similar on all tested materials. The cells were distributed homogeneously on the entire material surface, and on day 4 they started to form confluent cell layers. On day 4, we measured the amount of ICAM-1 by the ELISA test. This immunoglobulin molecule is typically expressed on cells of the immune system, but it is also expressed on other cell types, including MG 63, during their immune activation, e.g. by an artificial growth support. In this case, ICAM-1 molecules on cells are bound byß2-integrin receptors on inflammatory cells (for a review, see [4]). Surprisingly, titanium seemed to be more immunogenic than stainless steel, which was indicated by a higher concentration of ICAM-1 per cell and mg of protein in cells on day 4 after seeding. However, on day 7, there was no difference between the concentrations of ICAM-1 per cell and mg of protein in cells on titanium and on stainless steel. The second molecule that we measured was osteocalcin, a calcium-binding extracellular matrix glycoprotein, an important marker of the bone formation process. The concentration of osteocalcin on day 4 in the standard culture medium was higher in MG 63 cells on the titanium and stainless steel than on the control polystyrene samples. This could be explained by the fact that the metals are harder than polystyrene. It is known that harder substrates promote osteogenic cell differentiation, while softer substrates direct the cell differentiation towards neural or muscle phenotype [5]. In addition, the osteogenic differentiation was further supported by the osteogenic medium, as indicated by a higher concentration of osteocalcin in cells grown in this medium compared to cells in the standard medium on day 7 after seeding. On day 7 after seeding murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells on the tested materials, the concentration of TNF-а in the culture medium ranged on an average from 57.10 to 79.39 pg per 2000000 cells. The concentration of TNF-а in the medium from Ti and Fe was significantly higher than in the medium from the control polystyrene dishes. The highest value (79.39 pg/2000000 cells) was found in the medium taken from RAW264.7 cells on Ti. The second molecule that we tested was IL-1ß. No significant differences in the concentration of IL-1ß were detected in the culture medium obtained from RAW264.7 cells on all tested materials. In other words, neither type of metallic material, i.e. Ti and Fe, evoked significantly higher production of IL-1ß by RAW 264.7 cells than standard polystyrene cell culture dishes. It can be concluded that the tests of biocompatibility and immune activation confirmed that titanium and stainless are promising for construction of bone implants and for good integration with the surrounding bone tissue.

9

Kompozyt polimerowo-ceramiczny jako potencjalny implant kostny

Jelonek A., Kilan K., Skórska-Stania A., Oleksyn B.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2010

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Vol. 13, no. 99-101

125--127

10

Porous Materials Used as Inserted Bone Implants

Świeczko-Żurek W.

Advances in Materials Science

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2009

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Vol. 9, nr 2(20)

51-60

EN

The materials being in use in medicine require some improvement, as well as new materials are needed. One of the newest trends in the development of implants, is applying the porous structures – scaffolds, which are expected to produce vesseled bone tissue at a quicker rate and a stable joining of implant with the body. The aim of the paper is the review of porous materials in the latest literature.

11

Study on mechanical aspects of the structural modification of ε-polycaprolactone with the wollastonite nanoparticles

Podporska J., Sołtysiak E., Błażewicz M.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2008

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Vol. 11, no. 76

17--19

EN

Following the request for novel composite biomaterials for bone tissue engineering, nanocomposites consisted of ε-polycaprolactone and wollastonite, were prepared. Primary mechanical properties were examined and it was shown that the presence of wollastonite nano-particles affects significantly the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, fracture stress and work-of-fracture of the polymer matrix.

12

Kształtowanie właściwości implantów tytanowych metodami inżynierii powierzchni

Czarnowska E., Zajączkowska A., Major R., Morgiel J., Wierzchoń T.

Inżynieria Powierzchni

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2007

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nr 3

13-18

PL

Tytan i jego stopy ze względu na szczególne właściwości fizyczne, chemiczne oraz dobrą biozgodność w środowisku ludzkich komórek i tkanek znajdują coraz szersze zastosowanie w medycynie. Jednak, chociaż w mniejszym stopniu niż inne biomateriały metaliczne np. stale austenityczne i stopy CoCrMo, stosowanie tego materiału na implanty długookresowe ograniczają stosunkowo niska odporność na zużycie przez tarcie i przechodzenie składników stopu do otaczającego implant środowiska biologicznego. Stąd też podstawowym kierunkiem wyeliminowania tych ograniczeń są metody inżynierii powierzchni, umożliwiające kształtowanie mikrostruktury, składu fazowego i chemicznego, topografii powierzchni, a więc właściwości użytkowych stopów tytanu, w tym biologicznych. W artykule przedstawiono strukturę i właściwości warstw typu Ti3P + Ti2Ni wytwarzanych na stopie tytanu Ti6A14V w aspekcie zastosowania na implanty kostne.

EN

Titanium and its alloys regarding to their physico-chemical properties and good biocompatibility with human tissues are widely applied in medicine. Their long-term use as implant material is limited by low wear resistance and releasing the elements from the alloy to the surrounding implant environment. However this limitation is of lower degree than for e.g. an austenitic stainless steel or CoCrMo alloy. Surface engineering methods are applied to improve biomaterial useful properties of titanium alloys and their biocompatibility. These methods are aimed to modify microstructure, phase and chemical composition, and surface topography. The paper presents structure and properties of the surface layers Ti3P + Ti2Ni type produced on Ti6A14V alloy for bone implants application in medicine.

13

Zastosowania stopu Ti6Al4V w inżynierii tkanki kostnej

Kucharski R., Bach F. W., Błażewicz S., Chłopek J., Bormann D.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2007

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Vol. 10, no. 69-72

18-22

PL

Główną wadą implantów na bazie stopów tytanu przeznaczonych dla chirurgii kostnej, wymagających długoczasowej stabilności, jest niedopasowanie struktury powierzchni implantu do otaczającej tkanki. Przy implantach stawu biodrowego może to prowadzić do aseptycznego obluzowania się endoprotezy. Funkcjonalne dopasowanie implantu jako otwarto-porowatej struktury, która obejmuje cały implant lub tylko powierzchnię, może sprzyjać procesowi wzrostu tkanki kostnej w pory implantu lub prowadzić do jego mechanicznego zakotwiczenia. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad spiekaniem proszków Ti-6Al-4V o wielkości ziaren 35mim. Proces spiekania prowadzono w gradiencie temperatury w atmosferze gazu obojętnego. Metoda ta pozwalała otrzymywać mikrostruktury o otwartych porach, które mogą być wykorzystane do konstrukcji implantów ze stopów tytanu o podwyższonej trwałości i zdolności do fiksacji z tkanką kostną.

EN

The main reasons for the failure of titanium based alloy bone implants requiring long term stability is the incompatibility of the implant's surface structure and the growth rate of natural bone tissue. In the case of a hip joint endoprosthesis, this leads to an aseptic loosening of the endoprosthesis. Functional adaptation of the implant as an open pored structure, which either extends over the whole implant or exists only on its surface, presents the possibility for the bone tissue to grow into the implant and provide mechanical anchorage for the implant in the bone. In the present work, the results of investigations and the sintering process using 35mim size powder grains of the alloy Ti-6Al-4V are presented. A sintering process was chosen as a manufacturing method using a selected temperature gradient and an inert scavenging gas. This method of manufacture produced open pored structures whose properties can be transferred to a larger group of applications of metallic long term implants for osteosynthesis.

14

Structure and properties of titanium phosphides produced on the Ti6A14V titanium alloy

Czarnowska E., Zajączkowska A., Major L., Morgiel J., Wierzchoń T.

Advances in Materials Science

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2007

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Vol. 7, nr 3(13)

5-11

EN

Titanium and its alloys belong to the group of most promising metallic biomaterials used for bone implants. Their distinguishing properties are the high resistance to biological corrosion and the relatively good mechanical properties accompanied by low ductility. Their use is however limited by their low frictional wear resistance and the possibility of their constituents being released into the surrounding biological environment. The techniques which play the basic role in obviating these drawbacks are various surface treatments. The paper presents the results of examinations of the structure, phase composition, chemical composition, wear resistance and biocompatibility of the new composite layers of the Ti3P+Ti2Ni type produced on the Ti6A14V titanium alloy by a hybrid method.

15

System stabilizacji przeszczepu kostnego allogenicznego w protezoplastyce rekonstrukcyjnej i rewizyjnej panewek endoprotez stawu biodrowego

Wójcik B., Jasiński J., Stodolnik B., Jeziorski L., Lubas M., Gaździk T. S.

Inżynieria Biomateriałów

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2003

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R. 6, nr 28

24-25

16

Nowa jakość wszczepów śródkostnych CoCrMo

Adwent M., Cieślik T., Dąbrowski J. R., Skowronek J., Sabat D.

Inżynieria Biomateriałów

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2003

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R. 6, nr 27

12-17

PL

Wszczepy śródkostne są powszechnie stosowane w chirurgii szczękowo-twarzowej, ortopedii, protetyce stomatologicznej. Najpopularniejszym materiałem do wytwarzania implantów są stopy na bazie tytanu. Drugim, co do częstości stosowanym materiałem są stopy na bazie kobaltu chromu i molibdenu typu Vitalium. Aby zwiększyć kompatybilność wszczepu, przyspieszyć gojenie kości oraz polepszyć utrzymanie powierzchnię poddaje się różnym modyfikacjom. W pracy przedstawiono sposoby modyfikacji powierzchni wszczepów oraz wyniki badań doświadczalnych porowatego stopu CoCrMo otrzymanego metodą metalurgii proszków.

EN

Metallic implants are very popular in maxillofacial surgery, orthopedics and dental prosthetics. The most popular dental implant material are titanium alloys. The second one is CoCrMo alloys called Vitalium. To improve compatibility of the implants and bone healing surface of the implant is modified in different ways. The implant surface modification methods and the results of experimental studies of porous CoCrMo implants created with porous metallurgy method are presented.

17

Diagnostyka obrazowa wszczepów kostnych

Świątkowski J., Kuś W. M., Purski K., Benke G.

Inżynieria Biomateriałów

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2001

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R. 4, nr 17-19

85-85

18

Numerical approach to shape sensitivity analysis of femoral implants

Kowalczyk P., Telega J.J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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1999

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Vol. 1, nr 1

47-51

EN

Implant separation from bone or cement is widely known serious drawback of bone endoprosthetics. It is believed that stress concentrations on the implant surface are responsible for the failure and that implant shape optimization is the right way of the problem solution. An important tool in effective optimization algorithms is the design sensitivity analysis (DSA). The paper presents the finite element formulation of the sensitivity problem. Three-dimensional model of femur with cementless implant is analyzed.