Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Plant Traits Response to Grazing Exclusion by Fencing Assessed via Multiple Classification Approach : A Case from a Subalpine Meadow

Li Wen Jin, Liu Shuang Shuang, Li Jin Hua, Zhang Ru Lan, Rang Ka Zhuo Cai, Zhou Hua Kun, Yao Bu Qing, Wan Jun Feng

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 1

33--52

EN

Using multiple classification approach to examine plant traits response to grazing and fencing (as without access to grazing) is rare. Here we used multiple classification approach to examine plant diversity, productivity and species traits response to grazing and fencing over a three-year period on the eastern part of the Qing-Hai Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that most common species response to the fence was poorly noticeable. The fencing meadows compared to those under long-term free grazing are characterized by significantly higher total species richness, but species richness declined with sampling years gradually, regardless of grazing or fencing. The correlation showed that species richness was negatively associated with mean annual temperature significantly, suggesting that abiotic factors (e.g. annual temperature) could also play important roles in driving species richness in this subalpine meadow. Total aboveground biomass was not associated with mean annual temperature and rainfall. The fencing meadow demonstrated higher community aboveground biomass relative to the grazing ones, especially the abundance of legume and graminoids increased, while the proportions of sedge decreased, suggested that grazing disturbance favours the increase of reproductive success of sedge (e.g. Kobresia humilis) in this subalpine meadow. Growth form-based analyses combined with canopy height categories should be recommended to reveal general rules and mechanisms relating to grazing.

2

Edge Effects on Tree Growth and Species Diversity in Forests of Different Types and Ages

Li J., Zhao C., Peng Y., Hu Y., Yuan X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2018

|

Vol. 66, nr 3

239--249

EN

Edge to interior gradients in forest ecosystems can influence the species composition and community structure as a result of variations in micro-environment. In this study, the edge effects on stand productivity and plant species diversity were investigated in two adjacent types of forests in central-southern China: Chinese fir adjacent with pine forests and Chinese fir adjacent with broad-leaved forests. A total of 48 sample plots for overstory and 240 sample quadrates for understory in different stand ages were set up. The tree growth parameters were measured in the overstory while the plant species diversity was measured in both overstory and understory of the examined forests. The results showed that DBH (tree diameter at the breast height), tree height and stand volume in overstory increased from the central areas (CA) of forests to the edge areas (EA), and the plant species richness and diversity in understory were greater in EA than in CA. The edge effect was greater in Chinese fir paired with broad-leaved forests than in Chinese fir paired with pine forests. The edge effect decreased in an order as young aged stands > middle aged stands > mature aged stands in the studied forests. The changes in tree growth and species diversity in the edge area compared to the interior were mainly attributed to the alteration of micro-environmental factors such as light density, temperature and moisture. Our results suggest increasing forest productivity and plant species diversity could be achieved by making more edges in the forests.

3

Changes of species composition of the Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra plant communities in drainage peatland

Urban D., Grzywna A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2017

|

no. 35

243--248

EN

The objective of this study was to examine the vegetation cover and describe the floristic diversity of selected plant communities of extensive and abandoned grasslands within the Forest of Parczew PLB060006 – a Natura 2000 protected area. Floristic surveys were conducted in the meadows in years 2001 and 2013 under the conditions of natural succession of the communities Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra. The area is situated in the northern part of the Lublin Voivodeship, in the physiographic mesoregion the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland. Those communities were characterized by average species richness and floristic diversity index values. The cover index decreased considerably in the case of 8 species, and increased for 12 species. A large increase in the cover index of Holcus lanatus, Deschampsia caespitosa, Galium mollugo, Anthriscus sylvestris and Polemonium caeruleae is particularly noteworthy. In 2001, 39 species of plants were recorded in all relevés, compared to 41 species recorded in 2013. Over 12 years, 11 species disappeared, but 13 new ones emerged. For the time being, the average species richness N increased from 12 to 16 per relevé. The biodiversity index H' increased from 2.8 to 3.6.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań fitosocjologicznych na obiekcie Ochoża prowadzonych w 2001 i 2013 r. Z analizy danych wynika, że gatunkami występującymi na wszystkich badanych stanowiskach były głównie Poa pratensis i Festuca rubra oraz Urtica dioica. W 2013 r. na wszystkich badanych stanowiskach, oprócz gatunków omówionych wyżej, występowały także Rumex acetosa, Galium mollugo, Veronica chamaedrys i Cardaminopsis arenosa. Na podstawie analizy wyników badań stwierdzono, że w przypadku 15 gatunków klasa stałości w 2013 r. w porównaniu ze stanem z 2001 r. zwiększyła się, a w przypadku pozostałych się nie zmieniła. Odnotowano także zmiany współczynnika pokrycia. Uległ on znacznemu zmniejszeniu w przypadku 8 gatunków, a zwiększył się w przypadku 12 gatunków. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje duże zwiększenie wartości współczynnika pokrycia Holcus lanatus, Deschampsia caespitosa, Galium mollugo, Anthriscus sylvestris oraz Polemonium caeruleae (w Polsce gatunek objęty ochroną prawną). W 2001 r. we wszystkich stanowiskach odnotowano 39 gatunków roślin, zaś w 2013 r. odnotowano 41 gatunków. Przez 12 lat zanikło 11 gatunków, ale pojawiło się 13 nowych. Przez 12 lat średnia liczba gatunków N zwiększyła się z 12 do 16. Zwiększył się także wskaźnik bioróżnorodności H’ z 2,8 do 3,6.

4

Natural and landscape values of distinguished meadow-pasture communities in Kłodzko County

Paszkiewicz A., Steinhoff-Wrześniewska A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 62, nr 4

75--80

EN

Grasslands were seen in the past primarily as a source of feed. The important function of grassland, beside the role of feed, consists in their natural value and role in the landscape. The aim of this study was to assess natural and landscape values of the distinguished meadow-pasture communities in Kłodzko. It is located in the south-western part of Poland, within the Sudety chain and is surrounded by mountains that form its natural boundary. The whole area of the county is very diverse in terms of physiogeography and climate what affects its natural and landscape values. The natural value of the seven distinguished plant units: 4 assosciations - Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Lolio-Cynosuretum, FestucoCynosuretum, 3 communities with dominant species - Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra, community with Agrostis capillarisFestuca rubra, community with Trisetum flavescens, on subject area was determined on the basis of the species richness represented by the total number of species, the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index H' and the presence of endangered and rare species. These phytocenoses are characterized by a large species richness from 34 to 150 species. The values of the H' index are at an average level and ranged from 2.32 to 2.64. Community with Trisetum flavescens is characterized by the highest diversity index value. The biggest species richness is in the Lolio-Cynosuretum. Among species legally protected are noted in Poland: Carlina acaulis and Colchicum autumnale and near threatened (NT) Geranium sylvaticum. Plant species richness, the high proportion of the color of flowering herbs and weeds and Fabaceae plants flowering in different time of the growing season, affect the aesthetic qualities and the landscape values of the meadow-pasture communities analyzed. Their location in the landscape varied with hills and terrain, enhancing the landscapes of the studied Kłodzko county.

PL

Użytki zielone postrzegane były w przeszłości przede wszystkim jako źródło paszy. Obecnie, zwłaszcza w sytuacji zaniechania lub ograniczania chowu zwierząt, ważną funkcją użytków zielonych, obok roli paszowej, jest ich wartość przyrodnicza i rola w krajobrazie. Celem pracy było określenie wartości przyrodniczej oraz krajobrazowej wyróżnionych zbiorowisk łąkowo-pastwiskowych w powiecie kłodzkim, który znajduje się w południowo-zachodniej części Polski, w obrębie łańcucha Sudetów. Otoczony jest górami stanowiącymi jego naturalną granicę. Cały obszar powiatu jest silnie zróżnicowany pod względem fizjogeograficznym i klimatycznym, co wpływa na jego walory przyrodnicze i krajobrazowe. Walory przyrodnicze wyróżnionych na badanym terenie siedmiu zbiorowisk roślinnych (4 zespołów - Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Lolio-Cynosuretum, Festuco-Cynosuretum oraz 3 zbiorowisk z gatunkiem dominującym: Poa pratensisFestuca rubra, zbiorowisko z Agrostis capillaris-Festuca rubra, zbiorowisko z Trisetum flavescens) określono na podstawie bogactwa gatunkowego wyrażonego liczbą gatunków ogółem, współczynnika różnorodności gatunkowej ShannonaWienera, wyrażonego wskaźnikiem H' oraz obecności gatunków chronionych i rzadkich. Fitocenozy te charakteryzują się dużym bogactwem gatunkowym od 34 do 150 gatunków. Wartości wskaźnika H’ kształtują się na średnim poziomie i wynoszą od 2,32 do 2,64. Najwyższą wartością współczynnika różnorodności charakteryzuje się zbiorowisko z Trisetum flavescens, a największym bogactwem gatunkowym Lolio-Cynosuretum. Spośród gatunków prawnie chronionych w Polsce odnotowano obecność: Carlina acaulis i Colchicum autumnale, a bliskich zagrożenia (NT) - gatunek Geranium sylvaticum. Bogactwo gatunkowe roślin, wysoki udział barwnie kwitnących w różnych porach sezonu wegetacyjnego ziół i chwastów oraz roślin z rodziny bobowatych wpływają na walory estetyczne i krajobrazowe analizowanych zbiorowisk łąkowo-pastwiskowych. Ich lokalizacja w krajobrazie urozmaiconym wzniesieniami, zagłębieniami terenu, podnoszą atrakcyjność badanych rejonów powiatu kłodzkiego.

5

Zbiorowiska okrzemek rozwijające się na glebie uprawnej w Pogórskiej Woli koło Tarnowa

Stanek-Tarkowska J., Noga T., Kochman-Kędziora N., Rybak M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2016

|

Nr 46

128—134

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie różnorodności gatunkowej okrzemek rozwijających się na glebie pod uprawą pszenicy w Pogórskiej Woli koło Tarnowa oraz charakterystyka zbiorowisk okrzemek w oparciu o wybrane właściwości fizykochemiczne gleby. Badania prowadzono w okresie wegetacyjnym (od kwietnia do listopada 2011 r.), próbki powierzchniowej warstwy gleby pobierano w odstępach comiesięcznych. Badania fizykochemiczne wykazały odczyn kwaśny lub lekko kwaśny oraz niskie wartości uwilgotnienia (od około 6% w kwietniu i październiku do 1,93% w czerwcu). Łącznie oznaczono 47 taksonów okrzemek. Największym bogactwem gatunkowym charakteryzowały się rodzaje Luticola, Navicula i Mayamaea. Wyróżniono 8 gatunków dominujących, z których zdecydowaną większość stanowiły gatunki aerofityczne i glebowe. Najliczniejsze populacje tworzyły: Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow, Luticola nivalis (Ehrenb.) D.G. Mann, Pinnularia borealis Ehrenb. var. borealis i Stauroneis borrichii (Petersen) Lund.

EN

Studies were conducted on a farmland located in the Pogórska Wola near Tarnów. The aim of the studies was to examine the species richness of diatoms growing on soil under wheat cropping in the Pogórska Wola and characteristic of diatoms assemblages based on selected physico-chemical parameters of soil. Studies were conducted in vegetation season (from April to November 2011). Samples were collected once a month. Soil reaction in each month was acid or slightly acid. Humidity was low and balanced between 6% in April and October down to 1.93% in June. 47 diatom taxa were recorded in total. The biggest species richness occurred in genus Luticola, Navicula and Mayamea. Eight taxa were considered as dominant from which the most was aerophytic and soli species. The biggest populations were created by: Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenb.) Grunow, Luticola nivalis (Ehrenb.) D.G. Mann, Pinnularia borealis Ehrenb. var. borealis and Stauroneis borrichii (Petersen) Lund.

6

The Relative Influence of Environmental and Human Factors on Seed Plant Richness at the Province Scale in China

Li G., Guo K., Liu C., Liu Y., Song C., Du S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2015

|

Vol. 63, nr 2

184--197

EN

Seed plant diversity is under threat due to human over-exploitation and changes in land use. There is a need to identify regions where seed plant diversity is most at risk and establish nature reserves to protect the most important species. This study collected province scale seed plant richness data and corresponding environmental, social and, economic data in China in order to assess the impact of environmental and socio-economic factors on seed plant diversity and to quantify the relative importance of climate, human disturbance, and habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of seed plant diversity. A downscaling model was established to map the spatial distribution of seed plant diversity at a 1-km resolution. The results showed that temperature and precipitation seasonality, potential evapotranspiration, humidity index, altitude range, and gross domestic product were important determinants of seed plant diversity. The relative contribution of temperature seasonality was the most important factor (explaining 29.9–36.2% of the variation). Climate, human disturbance, and habitat heterogeneity explained much of the seed plant richness and density variation (about 69.4–71.9%). A scale-down model explained 72% of seed plant richness variation and showed that the center of seed plant species diversity was mainly located in the southeast area of China in the Qing-Tibet Plateau, Yun-Gui Plateau, Hengduan Mountain region, middle of the Sichuan Basins, Taiwan island, and Hainan island. This study improves our understanding of biodiversity hotspot regions and is a useful tool for biodiversity conservation policy and nature reserve management in China.

7

Łąki w krajobrazie rolniczym Płaskowyżu Proszowickiego (Wyżyna Małopolska)

Kotańska M., Towpasz K., Wójcik T., Mitka J.

Ekologia i Technika

|

2015

|

R. 23, nr 4

183--192

PL

W prawie bezleśnym krajobrazie rolniczym Płaskowyżu Proszowickiego łąki stanowią jego ważny i cenny element. Dominują w szerokich dolinach Szreniawy i Nidzicy, porastają podnóża i zbocza neolitycznych kurhanów oraz średniowiecznego grodziska w Stradowie. Obecne są też w dolinie Wisły. Rozległy, zajmujący 770 km2 Płaskowyż Proszowicki, będący subregionem Niecki Nidziańskiej, ze względu na sprzyjające warunki przyrodnicze oraz intensywne użytkowanie od neolitu, jest typowym obszarem rolniczym. W latach 1997-2000 w tym słabo poznanym fitosocjologicznie terenie, przeprowadzono badania szaty roślinnej, które potem były kontynuowane. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w zbiorowiskach łąkowych i szuwarowych. Stosując metodę Braun-Blanqueta wykonano 1600 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych. Uzyskane dane przeanalizowano metodami numerycznymi i statystycznymi. Stwierdzono, że występowanie muraw kserotermicznych (Festuco-Brometea) i łąk wilgotnych (zwłaszcza ze związku Calthion) jest charakterystycznym rysem szaty roślinnej Płaskowyżu Proszowickiego. W zbiorowiskach tych rosną gatunki rzadko występujące w innych regionach kraju a ich rozmieszczenie przestrzenne, związane z rozmaitymi formami terenu i zróżnicowanym podłożem, wpływa znacznie na heterogeniczność krajobrazu, w którym aż 80% terenu pokrywają pola uprawne. W grupie łąk kośnych i szuwarów wyróżniono 32 zespoły i 4 zbiorowiska roślinne. Na podstawie analizy zdjęć fitosocjologicznych z fitocenoz 5 głównych zespołów stwierdzono istotne statystycznie zależności między liczbą gatunków a wilgotnością gleby, nachyleniem zboczy, użytkowaniem i typem łąki. Najbogatsze w gatunki okazały się fitocenozy rosnące na lekko nachylonych zboczach, na glebach świeżych. Szczególnie wyraźnie zaznaczył się wpływ użytkowania na bogactwo gatunkowe płatów użytkowanych w porównaniu z płatami porzuconymi.

EN

In strongly deforested landscape of the Proszowice Plateau, in 80% covered by arable lands, meadows form an important and valuable element. They dominate in extended valleys of the Szreniawa and Nidzica rivers, where occupied bottoms and slopes of the Neolithic tomb mounds (barrows), and wide area of the Medieval settlement in Stradów. They are also present in the Vistula River valley. Due to the favourable natural conditions and intensive land management since the Neolithic, the vast 770-km2 area of the Proszowice Plateau, i.e. a subregion of the Nida Basin, is a typical agricultural area. In 1997-2000, investigations of the vegetation cover were carried out and later continued in this region, which is still poorly explored in terms of phytosociology. This article presents results of research conducted in meadow and swamp communities. 1600 phytosociological releves were taken with the use of the Braun-Blanquet method the data obtained were analysed with multivariate and statistical methods. It was found that the occurrence of xerothermic grasslands (Festuco-Brometea) and wet meadows (particularly from the alliance Calthion) is a characteristic feature of the vegetation cover in the Proszowice Plateau. These communities comprise species that are rare in other regions of the country, and their spatial distribution associated with various terrain forms and diverse substrates exerts a substantial effect on the heterogeneity of the landscape. In the groups of meadows and rushes, 32 associations and 4 plant communities were distinguished. Based on the phytosociological releves from the phytocoenoses of five main associations, statistically significant relationships were found between the number of species and soil moisture, slope inclination, and the meadow management and type. Phytocoenoses growing on slightly inclined slopes and fresh soils exhibited the highest species richness. Particularly evident was the influence of the type of land management on the species richness in managed patches, compared with the abandoned land.

8

Functioning of ecotones-spiders and ants of edges between native and non-native forest plantations

Gallé R., Kanizsail O., Ăca V., Molnăr B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2014

|

Vol. 62, nr 4

815--820

EN

Habitat edges are regarded as important components of heterogeneous landscapes. Diverse theories exist about the diversity and functional role of edges, and no generalisation have been possible so far, thus case studies are important for better understanding the landscape scale processes. Forest management highly modified the structure and tree species composition of the European forests. The sylvicultural intensification resulted in the rise of the proportion of non-native, intensively managed forest stands. In the present study we explore the response of spider and ant assemblages to forest stand type and the edge effect between native poplar and non-native conifer plantations in Hungary. We applied pitfall traps to sample the ground-dwelling spiders and ants. Four plots consisting of the two forest types and the transition zones between them were selected. Five transects for each replicated plot were sampled. We identified the significant indicator species of the different habitat types. We found significant differences in the species richness (i.e. number of species) of ants and spiders of the different habitat types. We detected intermediate spider species richness at the edge indicating that edges separate a higher quality habitat from one that has lower resource quality; however, the species richness of ants was the highest at the edge and did not differ between the two forest types. The positive impacts of edge was found due to presence of generalist and grassland species at the edge and presumably edges separate patches that provide complementary resources also increasing the number of ant species. Our results indicate that forest type affects the species compositions of ground-dwelling spiders and ants. Our study also shows that habitat type had a major effect on the species richness and composition of spider and ant assemblages, suggesting that local forestry management plays a crucial role in preserving the native invertebrate fauna of forests.

9

Determinants of plant species richness in different wetland types along a hydrological gradient: implication for conservation

Shi J., Ma K., Wang J., Zhang Y., Zhao J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2013

|

Vol. 61, nr 4

645--654

EN

The loss of biodiversity caused by wetland degradation is a hot issue in ecology. It is known that hydrological degradation is the primary reason resulting in wetland degradation, but little is known about the relationship between plant species richness and environmental factors in different wetland types along a hydrological gradient. According to the gradient from high to low water level, wetland remnants in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China were classified into three wetland types, which were permanently inundated marshes (PIM), seasonally inundated marshes (SIM) and wet meadows (WM) respectively. In this paper, we aimed to identify the determinants of plant species richness in the three wetland types and discern the transition of the determinants along a hydrological gradient. Plant species richness as well as area, habitat heterogeneity and resource availability was investigated in 51 wetland remnants, which were composed of 6 PIM, 25 SIM and 20 WM. Averagely, the area of wetland remnants occupied by PIM, SIM and WM was 0.35 ± 0.17 ha, 2.81 ± 2.88 ha and 1.34 ± 1.18 ha respectively. Aggregating the species in each wetland type, there were 67, 244 and 170 species recorded in PIM, SIM and WM. The determinants of species richness varied in different wetland types: standing water depth in PIM, area and water heterogeneity in SIM, and soil fertility and area in WM. With the decreasing water level, the influence of hydrological condition on species richness in the three wetland types declined while the impact of area and soil fertility gradually increased. Thus, hydrological condition was probably responsible for the transition of the determinants of species richness in different wetland types. Moreover, the habitat specialists of wetland would be lost when PIM or SIM degraded to WM. In order to conserve and restore plant diversity, specific measures should be taken including preventing area loss for all wetland remnants, managing the hydrological process for PIM and SIM, and regulating soil nutrient for WM.

10

Distribution of сarabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the urban area of Lublin

Kirichenko M., Babko R., Łagód G.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2012

|

Vol. 6, No. 1

157--163

EN

The composition and distribution of ground beetles species in the different urban green areas of the Lublin city, Eastern Poland was studied. Carabids were collected since the end of April till the late July 2011 using pitfall traps. In total 67 carabid species were found during of the study period. The number of species varies from 54 in valley of Bystrzyca to 5 on the lawns along street. The highest species richness (5.94) had the studied floodplain of river Bystrzyca in comparison with other green territories. All studied green areas were distinguished by considerable individuality. Our results support the thesis that despite of the sizeable areas of the lawns and flowerbeds, their role in the diversity maintenance and preservation is minimal.

PL

W pracy omówiono wyniki badań dotyczących składu gatunkowego zgrupowania biegaczowatych na różnych obszarach zieleni miejskiej w Lublinie (Polska). Badania prowadzone były od końca kwietnia do końca lipca 2011 roku; odłowy biegaczowatych prowadzono za pomocą pułapek naziemnych. W czasie przeprowadzonych badań odłowiono łącznie 67 gatunków biegaczowatych. Liczba gatunków stwierdzonych podczas badań kolejnych obszarów wahała się od 54 do 5. Największą wartością wskaźnika bogactwa gatunkowego Margalefa (5.94) charakteryzował się teras zalewowy rzeki Bystrzycy w porównaniu do innych obszarów zieleni miejskiej. Na podstawie składu gatunkowego poszczególnych stanowisk można stwierdzić znaczne różnice między nimi. Wyniki wskazują również, że pomimo znaczących obszarów trawników na terenie miasta Lublin ich rola w utrzymaniu i ochronie różnorodności biegaczowatych jest minimalna.

11

Soil seed bank and extant vegetation of a dry valley

Li Y., Bao W., Wu N.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 3

507-522

EN

Although crucial for guiding vegetation improvement efforts, soil seed bank (SSB) and extant vegetation (EV) in dry valleys remains poorly understood. A germination method and field surveys were applied to address this problem and investigate the characteristics of SSB and corresponding EV of eight sites across the dry Minjiang River valley in Southwest China. Furthermore, the relationships between SSB and EV were compared to provide guidance for vegetation enhancement. Eight sites were classified into two groups - central and transitional sites that differ according to moisture conditions. Seed density and species richness in SSB were lower in less moist central sites compared with those in more moist transitional sites of the valley as well as the coverage of the community. Moreover, species richness and litter thickness were lower in central sites. Comparing SSB strategies of species from eight sites, transient strategy was the most frequently observed category, followed by short-term persistent and long-term persistent strategies. In terms of both SSB and EV, the most abundant life forms were hemicryptophytes, intermediate phanerophytes, and therophytes, whereas less abundant were chamaephytes and cryptophytes. Low Sorenson.s similarity indices (22.32%) and significantly negative Kendall.s correlation in species composition indicate that species composition of SSB was not closely related to corresponding EV for each of the eight sites. Low seed density, especially the lack of viable dominant shrub seeds, dominant transient SSB strategy species, and low correspondence in species composition between SSB and EV imply that the potential for vegetation enhancement in the dry valley is weak, particularly in less moist central sites. To preserve the good EV of more moist transitional sites and introduce seeds of dominant species to improve poor EV in central sites, EV is likely to be a feasible standard for improving vegetation in dry valleys.

12

Response of alpine plant community to simulated climate change : two-year results of reciprocal translocation experiment (Tibetan Plateau)

Zhang F., Li Y., Cao G., Wang S., Zhao X., Du M., Wang Q.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 4

741-751

EN

The great sensitivity of the response of alpine plant community to climate change makes the identification of these responses important. In 2007, we conducted a reciprocal translocation experiment on 100 x 100 x 40 cm coherent turf and soil along an elevation gradient of 3200.3800 m on the south slope of Qilian Mountains northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The aim was to understand the warming/cooling effects on the alpine ecosystem where treatments were simulated by donor elevations below/above receptors. Translocated vegetation comprised the Kobresia meadow at 3200 m, deciduous shrub meadow at 3400 m, forbs meadow at 3600 m, and sparse vegetation at 3800 m. The 5 x 5 cm grid method (50 x 50 cm, 100 grids) was used for surveying plant species absolute abundance in translocated quadrats. Results showed that species richness and Shannon-Weaver index of Kobresia meadow increased significantly (P <0.05) when translocated to 3400 m. Shannon-Weaver index of shrub meadow declined, while shrub species abundance responded slightly both to warming and cooling treatments. Both species richness and Shannon-Weaver index of forbs meadow and sparse vegetation were enhanced evidently at 3200 m and 3400 m. Four groups were identified by non-metric multidimensional scaling based on receptor elevation. Responses of the alpine plant community and the function group appeared to be specific to climate magnitude and specific to function type, respectively. Correlation indicated that climatic factors played a much more important role than soil in the response of the alpine plant community. Four vegetation types were sensitive to climate change, while Kobresia meadow behaved flexibly. Global warming would depress sedges but favor legumes and graminoids.

13

Różnorodność florystyczna zbiorowisk użytków zielonych i gruntów ornych Pogórza Złotoryjskiego

Żyszkowska M., Paszkiewicz-Jasińska A.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

|

2010

|

T. 10, z. 4

307-318

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ocenę bogactwa gatunkowego i różnorodności florystycznej zbiorowisk użytków zielonych i gruntów ornych obszaru Pogórza Złotoryjskiego. W przypadku użytków zielonych największe wskaźniki bogactwa gatunkowego i różnorodności florystycznej uzyskały zbiorowiska w klasie Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, a najmniejsze zbiorowiska z klasy Artemisietea vulgaris. Średnie wartości wskaźników dla tego terenu miały zbiorowiska z klas Agropyretea intermediorepentis i Phragmitetea. Wpływ na bogactwo i różnorodność miały przede wszystkim brak użytkowania i zachodząca z tego powodu sukcesja wtórna. Produkcja polowa na badanym obszarze charakteryzuje się wysoką kulturą rolną, co spowodowało dominację na gruntach ornych zbiorowisk zubożałych i fragmentarycznie wykształconych. Nie było możliwe określenie zespołów, lecz jedynie wydzielenie zbiorowisk z dominującym gatunkiem. Wszystkie cztery zbiorowiska zakwalifikowano do klasy Stellarietea mediae. Brak wielu gatunków przełożył się na stosunkowo niewielkie bogactwo i różnorodność florystyczną fitocenoz chwastów towarzyszących uprawom.

EN

This paper presents an assessment of species richness and floristic diversity of grassland communities and arable lands in the Złotoryja Foothills area. In grasslands, the communities of Molinio- Arrhenatheretea class had the highest indices of species richness and floristic diversity, whereas those from the class Artemisietea vulgaris showed the lowest indices. The communities of Agropyretea intermedio-repentis and Phragmitetea classes had the medium index values for this area. Abandoned use and resulting secondary succession were the main reason for the decline in species richness and diversity. Field production in the study area is characterised by a high agrarian culture and this brought about the domination of impoverished or partially developed communities. Hence, it was only possible to distinguish communities with one dominating species and the complexes could not be specified. All four communities were qualified to Stellarietea mediae class. The lack of many species resulted in relatively small richness and floristic diversity of weed phytocoenoses accompanying crop plants.

14

Changes in species richness and community productivity during succession on the Loess Plateau (China)

Wang K., Shao R., Shangguan Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

Vol. 58, nr 3

501-510

EN

We investigated changes in species richness, community biomass, and productivity during secondary forest succession in Ziwuling area of the Loess Plateau of China. Species richness(number of taxa) increased as the succession proceeds, and peaked at the climax forest community, but the richness growth gradually slowed down as the succession advanced. Community biomass rapidly increased from the herbaceous stage to the shrub stage and declined slightly in the climax forest stage. The maximum community biomass occurred in the pioneer forest stage. Community productivity followed an unimodal curve in the succession, and the maximum productivity occurred in the shrub community at the middle succession stage, and the communities maintained a low and stable productivity at the later succession stages. The herb and shrub species together determined community diversity during succession, while the tree species contributed less to diversity in the communities. The herb and shrub layers had a relatively low biomass, but contributed almost half of the productivity of the forest communities. The relationships between species richness, community biomass and productivity were unimodal during succession, but only the relationship between species richness and community biomass was significant.

15

Wpływ przywrócenia koszenia na utrzymywanie sprawności produkcyjnej i walorów przyrodniczych odłogowanych użytków zielonych w Sudetach

Nadolna L.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

|

2009

|

T. 9, z. 3

89-105

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu ograniczonego użytkowania łąki górskiej na jej bogactwo i różnorodność florystyczną oraz wydajność i jakość paszy. W doświadczeniu, założonym w 2002 r. na odłogowanej łące, zastosowano zróżnicowaną intensywność koszenia: raz w roku oraz raz na dwa i raz na trzy lata w dwóch wariantach - z biomasą zebraną i zostawioną. Na podstawie wyników z lat 2005-2007 stwierdzono korzystne zmiany w strukturze i składzie gatunkowym roślinności na obiektach koszonych, co wpłynęło na zwiększenie bogactwa i różnorodności florystycznej oraz wydajności. Większą liczbę gatunków i wskaźnik Shannona-Wienera H' stwierdzono na obiektach koszonych corocznie i raz na dwa lata. Pozostawienie biomasy wpłynęło istotnie na zmniejszenie obydwu wartości. Średnie plony suchej masy (3,7 t·ha-1) były wyższe o ok. 0,5 t·ha-1 od plonów z obiektu kontrolnego. Analiza statystyczna nie wykazała istotności różnic między wysokością plonów z obiektów o zróżnicowanej częstości koszenia w wariantach z zebraną i zostawioną biomasą. Pasza z obiektów koszonych corocznie charakteryzowała się najmniejszą zawartością białka i tłuszczu.

EN

The study presents results of research in the impact of limited use of mountain meadows, their variety and diversity of species as well as quantity and quality of forage. During the experiment started in 2002 in an uncultivated meadow, varied frequency of mowing was applied: once a year, once in two and three years in two variants - the biomass being removed or left. The experiment results from 2005-2007 show positive impact on the structure and composition of species in the mown objects, which increased variety and diversity of flora as well as productivity. The objects mown once a year and once in two years demonstrated bigger richness of species and higher Shannon H' index. Leaving the biomass substantially decreased the respective values. Average crop of the dry substance (3.7 t ha-1) was about 0.5 t ha-1 higher as compared to the control object. Statistic analysis showed no significance of differences between the crops from objects of varied frequency of mowing and in the variants with removed and left biomass. Forage harvested from the objects mown once a year had the lowest protein and fat content.