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1

The effects of an early intrahospital rehabilitation on weight bearing during lower extremity lengthening with Ilizarov`s Method

Morasiewicz P., Konieczny G., Kuciel N.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 2

59--64

EN

Purpose : Exerting axial pressure on the affected lower limb remains one of the most crucial elements of Ilizarov method . Objective was to determine the effects of an early intrahospital rehabilitation on weight bearing during lower extremity lengthening with Ilizarov`s Method. Methods: Study included 15 patients who underwent lower limb lengthening. The patients were tested on the third day after surgery using the pedobarographic platform. The tests were performed four times in the standing position:twice with the support of forearm crutches and twice without crutches. Patients were asked to either remain in the relaxed standing position(two tests) or use the lower limb equipped with Ilizarov apparatus to support the body weight(two tests). Results: In relaxed stance average pressure with forearm crutches was 24.1% for affected limb, as compared to 75.9% for the healthy limb. In test without forearm crutches average pressure for affected limb was 26.1%, as compared to 73.9% for the healthy limb. Patients shifted body weight to the affected limb with forearm crutches on average, at the rate of 53.6% . In test without forearm crutches the affected limb was supporting the body weight at the rate of 48.26%. None of the patients was able to fully support the body weight on the affected leg. Conclusions: In spite of strict physiotherapy regimen,patients are, neither able to equally distribute their body weight between the two lower limbs ,nor to shift their body weight to the limb equipped with Ilizarov apparatus.

2

Quality of Individual Roe Deer Males (Capreolus capreolus L.) During the 5-Month-Long Hunting Season: Possible Impact on the Reproduction Rate

Czyżowski P., Karpiński M., Golema M., Drozd L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 2

291--296

EN

The aim of this study was to assess changes in parameters (body weight, fat stores, antler weight, serum creatinine level) describing the condition of individual roe deer males (Capreolus capreolus) in subsequent months of the hunting season. The idea was if the current timing of the buck hunting season affects the quality of specimens obtained from the population, which may result in distorting its reproduction-related processes. The study included 443 carcasses of bucks harvested in the Lublin region (Central Poland) from 2006 to 2011. The average carcass weight in May and June was significantly higher than in the other months. Perirenal fat weight and the kidney fat index (KFI) decreased with the progression of the hunting season. With regard to the average level of serum creatinine in blood, there was no definite trend in the variation of this parameter during the hunting season. However, a significantly higher average antler weight was observed in May compared to June. The shooting of a large number of bucks in the first weeks of the hunting season may cause the elimination of the best individuals in the habitat, which have established and maintained their territory and are fully prepared for reproduction. This results in a complete disruption of the social structure of the local deer population. A solution to this problem could be uniform distribution of volume harvested during the whole hunting season or postponing the hunting season for bucks until September, when the estrus season has finished, and the strongest males have passed on their valuable genes to the population.

3

Badania wpływu mikroklimatu podziemnego uzdrowiska w kopalni soli w Wieliczce na masę ciała, zawartość tkanki tłuszczowej i gospodarkę lipidową – doniesienie wstępne

Pośpiech S., Barcucha P., Damijan Z., Błaszczyk J., Czapkowicz-Pośpiech R.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2014

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Vol. 20, nr 4

204--216

PL

Celem badania była ocena wpływu podziemnego mikroklimatu kopalni soli na masę ciała, zawartość tkanki tłuszczowej i gospodarkę lipidową człowieka. Badanie przeprowadzono w Komorze Solnej „Jezioro Wessel”, znajdującej się 135 metrów pod ziemią, na poziomie trzecim Kopalni Soli w Wieliczce. Badaniem objęto 43 zdrowe dorosłe osoby. Każdego dnia pobytu dwukrotnie wykonywano pomiar masy ciała oraz zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej. Pomiary prowadzono 15 minut po dotarciu badanych do Komory Solnej i drugi raz 15 minut przed wyjazdem z kopalni. Przed rozpoczęciem badań i po ich zakończeniu uczestnikom pobrano krew obwodową z żyły łokciowej do analiz biochemicznych, obejmujących oznaczenie: cholesterolu całkowitego, cholesterolu HDL i trójglicerydów. Wykonane analizy wskazują, że 14-dniowe, 6,5-godzinne przebywanie w podziemnej atmosferze kopalni soli powoduje istotny statystycznie wzrost masy ciała, wzrost zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej, wzrost cholesterolu HDL i trójglicerydów oraz nieistotny statystycznie spadek poziomu cholesterolu całkowitego.

EN

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the underground microclimate salt mine on the body mass, fatty tissue content and lipid balance. The research was performed in the Lake Wessel Chamber, situated 135 meters under the ground, on the 3rd level of Wieliczka salt mine. The studied group comprised of 43 healthy adult people. Each day of the stay in the salt chamber the body weight and fatty tissue content were measured. Before the examination and after it, the peripheral blood samples from elbow veins of the subjects were taken for further study. The blood tests included: the total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglycerides. Statistical analysis revealed that 14-day, 6,5-hour long exposure to the underground atmosphere caused a statistically significant increase: of the body weight, fatty tissue content and of the HDL. Statistically insignificant decrease of the total cholesterol and triglycerides was also observed.

4

Some aspects of population biology of the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) in the Odra estuary, Poland

Czerniejewski P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.4

49-62

EN

The mud crab is the only non-indigenous xanthid encountered in the River Odra estuary. In 2007-2008, the crabs were collected, using fish traps, to determine sex and to follow variations in individual weight and carapace length and width over a year. Sex-dependent differences in the crab morphometry were studied as well. The largest catch was that obtained in September (23.48% of the total number of 264 individuals) and October (31.82%). Male crabs accounted for 56.44% of the total number; males dominated in autumn (September-December) and spring (March, May, June) catches. Males showed significantly wider carapaces (16.81 š3.98 mm; range: 5.60-22.90 mm) and mean individual weight (2.15 š0.94 g; range: 0.15-3.93 g) than females (mean carapace width of 15.05 š3.33 mm; range: 5.30-19.80 mm, and mean individual weight of 1.47 š0.60 g; range: 0.13-2.56 g). Of the 11 morphometric characters analyzed, expressed in relative values (%), related to the carapace width, males showed significantly larger claw dimensions (CHL1, CHW1, CHH1, CHL2, CHW2, CHH2) and smaller abdomen widths (AW).

5

Body size distributions of eastern European Diptera

Ulrich W., Szpila K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 4

557-568

EN

Weight distributions of Eastern European Diptera (estimated from 7966 species body length data compiled from Stackelberg and Nartshuk 1969, 1970) differ from respective distributions of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Nematoceran size distributions were predominantly right skewed while the Brachycera tended to have symmetric and left skewed distributions. Skeweness of size distributions was for Nematocera positively and for Brachycera negatively correlated with genus mean body weight. Genera of smaller mean body weight were significantly species richer than larger sized genera. Our findings are consistent with an evolutionary model that assumes body size dependent speciation and extinction rates.

6

Effect of lactic acid added to feeding medium on some biological features of fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

Mitrus J., Koczkodaj D.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 11

1293-1300

EN

There is a large number of chemicals known to act as food preservatives. But there are only few of them in use which in law doses have antibiotic activity, do not influence physical properties or food taste, and they are save for the consumer. Acids constitute a large group among chemicals approved as food preservatives. It is evident that the effect of food preservatives depends on their applied concentration. However, the dose of food preservative should be in limits that are approved for the consumer's safety. The aim of the presented studies was the estimation of influence of lactic acid (LA), widely used in food preservation, on the body weight, fertility and sex ratio of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogasler). In the experiments, a wild tribe of the fruit fly was used. The fly was grown over ten generations on standard feeding medium lo which lactic acid was added at the concentration of 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 %. A control population was grown on medium without lactic acid. The experi-ments were carried out in three independent repetitions. The results were elaborated statistically by the use of Duncan test. A statistical verification of deviation of the predicted sex ratio (1:1), including all generations of control and experimental groups, was made using X2 test. The obtained results have shown that added doses of LA did not affect females' fertility, body weight or sex ratio of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogasler). It could be stated that LA is a very profitable additive, due lo its antimicrobial properties and improving quality of food for fruit fly.

PL

Znanych jest wiele związków chemicznych o działaniu abiotycznym, do konserwowania żywności. Jednak używane są tylko nieliczne substancje, które w dopuszczalnych dawkach w sposób ogólny lub wybiórczy uniemożliwiają rozwój drobnoustro-jów, nie wywołując zmian organoleptycznych i fizycznych żywności i nie oddziałując szkodliwie na człowieka. Wśród sub-stancji dozwolonych do konserwowania żywności znaczną liczbę stanowią kwasy. Wydaje się oczywiste, że oddziaływanie środka konserwującego ujawni się tym szybciej i wyraźniej, im większa jest jego dawka. Dawka substancji konserwującej, którą człowiek pobiera z pożywieniem, powinna mieścić się w wyznaczonych normach i nie działać szkodliwie. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu szeroko stosowanego w żywności kwasu mlekowego na masę ciała, plenność i strukturę płci muszki owocowej Drosophila melanogaster. W doświadczeniu użyto muszek szczepu dzikiego (Dz), które hodowano przez 10 pokoleń na pożywce standardowej (kontrola) oraz z dodatkiem trzech stężeń kwasu mlekowego (E270: 1.5, 2.0; 2.5 %). Wszystkie hodowle były w trzech powtórzeniach. Uzyskane wyniki opracowano za pomocą analizy wariancji oraz testu Duncana. Statystyczną weryfikację odchyleń od przewidywanego stosunku płci 1:1, łącznie dla wszystkich pokoleń grupy kontrolnej, jak i grup doświadczalnych, przeprowadzono za pomocą testu X2. Analiza otrzymanych da-nych wykazała, iż zastosowane dawki kwasu mlekowego nie wpływały statystycznie istotnie na plenność samic, masę ciała i strukturę płci Drosophila melanogaster. Można stwierdzić, że kwas mlekowy jest korzystnym dodatkiem do pożywki muszki owocowej, gdyż nie zakłóca jej podstawowych procesów życiowych.

7

Can velocity affect growth and fecundity of facultative riverine fish species?

Penczak T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 2

357-366

EN

The length and body weight at subsequent annuli of four facultative riverine fish species: roach (Rutilus rutilus L.), perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), bream (Abramis brama L.) and pike (Esox lucius L.) living in lakes and rivers were compared on the basis of published data. Pike grew better in lakes (significant differences in length, and some for weight), but the other species in rivers. However, significant differences between medians were observed in all cases only for body length of roach, in many cases for the length of bream, as well as a few for its weight, and no one for perch. Comparable data on relative fecundity in both habitats were available for roach and pike. Pike females produced more eggs in lakes, but roach - in rivers, and the differences were significant.

8

A comparative analysis of two allochthonous populations of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) from the Szczecin Lagoon (NW Poland) and San Francisco Bay (US west coast)

Czerniejewski P., Wawrzyniak W., Pasewicz W., Bełdowska A.

Oceanologia

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2007

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No. 49 (3)

353-367

EN

Selected biological and morphometric characters of two populations of the non-indigenous Chinese mitten crab, one from the Szczecin Lagoon (SL) and the other from San Francisco Bay (SFB), both sampled in autumn, were analysed. The SL crabs showed a significantly higher individual weight, length and carapace width. Males accounted for 55% (87 individuals) of the 179 SL crabs, and 62.9% (90 individuals) of the SFB crabs. Statistical analysis of metric characters, expressed as a percentage of carapace width (X2), enabled four diagnostic characters to be identified: abdomen width (X11), carapace height (X3), left claw length (X7) and carapace length (X1). These jointly explain 71.75% of the differences between the SL and SFB crabs and are indicative of the distinctness of the populations.

9

Effect of sodium benzoate (E211) and sodium citrate (E331) on chosen biological characters of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

Mitrus J., Koczkodaj D.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2007

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Vol. 14, nr 8

847-853

EN

Searching of new methods for enhance of food quality, and extension of its shelf-life, in food industry various additives are used. Sodium benzoate is a widely used as food preservative for extending shelf-life of sauces, ketchups and soft drinks. Sodium citrate is applied as a acid regulator, stabilizer or an antioxidant. Usually it is added to jams, jellies, cheeses, and sausages. Both additives are often used simultaneously. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) can be used for studies confirming safety of additives for food. In experiments the wild tribe of Drosophila melanogaster was used. The influence of two doses of sodium benzoate (E211) and sodium citrate (E331) added simultaneously to feed of fruit fly on its biology were investigated. Two concentrations of the feed additives were tested - lower: 0.8 mg o kg-1 of (E211), and 2.0 g kg-1 of E331, and higher: 1.6 mg kg-' of E211 and 4.0 g kg-' of E33. Simultaneously added to feed sodium benzoate (E211) and sodium citrate E331 (at doses: 0.8 mg o kg-' and 2.0 go kg-', and 1.6 mg . kg-' end 4.0 go kg -', respectively) had no effect on fertility in most of studied generations of wild tribe fruit fly. Used doses of E211 and E331 had no influence on population of most generations of fruit fly too, as well as on body weight of males and females. Only in two generations number of females and males was higher than in control population. Studied additives have no effect on inheritance of wild tribe of Drosophila melanogaster.

PL

W poszukiwaniu nowych metod technologicznych, pozwalających na podniesienie jakości produktu oraz przedłużenie jego trwałości, w przemyśle spożywczym stosowane są dodatki do żywności. Warunkiem stosowania danego dodatku do żywności jest stwierdzenie braku jego wpływu na zdrowie konsumentów. Wydaje się, że muszka owocowa (Drosophila melanogaster) może być dobrym obiektem dla prowadzenia tego typu badań. Celem przeprowadzonych dwuletnich eksperymentów była ocena wpływu benzoesanu sodu (E211) i cytrynianu jednosodowego (E331) na biologię dzikiego szczepu muszki owocowej. Badania prowadzono przez dziesięć pokoleń Drosophila. Benzoesan sodu jest powszechnie używanym konserwantem dodawanym m.in. do sosów, keczupów i napojów. Cytrynian jednosodowy jest stosowany jako regulator kwasowości, stabilizator oraz przeciwutleniacz. Najczęściej dodaje się go do dżemów, marmolad, galaretek, serów topionych, kiełbas i konserw mięsnych. Podczas przedstawionych badań zastosowano dwa stężenia powyższych dodatków do żywności: 0,8 mg o kg-' i 1,6 mg o kg- 1 benzoesanu sodu (E211) oraz 2,0 go kg-' i 4,0 go kg-' cytrynianu jednosodowego (E331). Z analizy otrzymanych danych wynika, iż przy dawkach minimalnych zalecanych (0,8 mg - kg-' E211 i 2,0 go kg-' E331) w żywności substancje te nie wpływały znacząco na plenność samic, masę ciała i strukturę płci Drosophila melnogaster.

10

Body weight, condition, and carapace width and length in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853) collected from the Szczecin Lagoon (NW Poland) in spring and autumn 2001

Czerniejewski P., Wawrzyniak W.

Oceanologia

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2006

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No. 48 (2)

275-285

EN

A newcomer to the Baltic Sea, the Chinese mitten crab is especially abundant in the Szczecin Lagoon (NW Poland), where it was first reported in 1927. Body weight, and carapace width and length, were studied in 647 individuals collected with fyke nets in the Szczecin Lagoon from 30 March-18 April 2001 and from 5-21 November 2001. 51.01 of the 543 autumn specimens were males, but only 30.97% of the 113 spring specimens were males. Body weight varied from 45.1 to 306.5 g, carapace length from 41.07 to 81.02 mm and carapace width from 46.68 to 88.85 mm. The autumn crabs were significantly heavier than the spring specimens.

11

The dependence of body weight in copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. on variations of ambient temperature and food concentration

Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L.

Oceanologia

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2004

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No. 46 (1)

45-63

EN

Quantitative expressions are presented describing the effects of temperature and food concentration on the mean body weight of copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. The calculations were made on the basis of experimental data from the literature for three geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus from Puget Sound (Washington, USA), from the southern North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Relationships were obtained between the coefficient of daily exponential growth of body weight of Pseudocalanus sp. from Puget Sound and temperature in the 8-15.5oC range and food concentrations from 10 mgC m-3 to excess, as well as for Pseudocalanus elongatus from the southern North Sea at high food concentrations and in the 4-15oC temperature range. Also computed was the mean body weight for stages CII to CV of P. elongatus from the southern Baltic Sea at 5oC. The empirical models presented here can be used with good precision in mathematical models of pelagic communities. The results presented here indicate that Pseudocalanus sp. from Puget Sound (a species resembling Pseudocalanus minutus) is similar to P. elongatus from the southern North Sea and the English Channel with respect to growth parameters in the studied range of temperatures for excess food. P. elongatus collected in the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Gdańsk) differs from P. elongatus from the southern North Sea.

12

Characteristics of Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis individuals recruited to isolated populations on Crabapple Island (Masurian Lake District, Poland)

Dudek D., Alcheikh B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 1

57-68

EN

Crabapple Island, a 4-ha island covered with a mixed forest dominated by Tilio-Carpinetum Traczyk 1962, is situated on Lake Bełdany (53 stopnie 42 min.N, 21 stopni 35 min. E) at a distance of about 120 m from the mainland. Materials were collected by using the CMR (catch-mark-release) method during five 7-day censuses conducted each year in 1994-1998. The recruitment of new individuals to the trappable part of the bank vole and yellow-necked mouse populations was compared with respect to the number of new-captured individuals, their age, and reproductive status. The age of new-captured individuals was estimated from growth curves. It was observed that when the populations of the two species were more abundant, the first-captured individuals were older than when population numbers were lower. The proportion of mature individuals (including pregnant females) in the groupm of all individuals captured for the first time was higher for the yellow-necked mouse than for the bank vole (48 and 15%, respectively). In both species, the number of mature new-captured individuals was negatively correlated with the total number of conspecific females present in the population. In the case of the bank vole (probably also of the yellow-necked mouse), this may be related with territoriality of mature females. As yellow-necked mice were first captured at an older age than bank voles, this may be a source of errors in estimates of numbers of immature individuals and, consequently, in the analysis of the population structure of this species.

13

Wpływ dodatków do żywności (E 330 i E 331) na plenność, liczebność, masę ciała i strukturę płci muszki owocowej Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen)

Stankiewicz C., Steć E., Mitrus J., Kamecki M., Walo P.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2001

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R. 6, NR 1-2

55--60

PL

W doświadczeniu laboratoryjnym badano wpływ dodatków do żywności (E 330 oraz E 331) na biologię muszki owocowej. W eksperymencie brano pod uwagę różne stężenia substancji, używanych jako dodatki do żywności. Na podstawie analizy wyników można stwierdzić, iż dodatki te działają hamująco na rozwój owadów badanego szczepu. Może to świadczyć o pewnej toksyczności tych substancji.

EN

In a laboratory experiment effect of additives (E 330, E 331) to food on the midge reproductive biology was examined. Each substance was used in different concentrations. The additives to food inhibited development of the midge that propably demonstrates the toxic character of these substances.

14

Geographical differences in size, reproduction and behaviour of bank voles in relation to density variations

Yoccoz N., Hansson L., Ims R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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Vol. 48, Suppl.

63-72

EN

The bank vole in Europe is hardly genetically differentiated, except in northern Fennoscandia, but shows large phenotypic variation. Body weight has been studied in the field and in the laboratory. Large bank voles are known in northern cyclic populations found on islands and in alpine areas. Reproductive patterns show that the length of the breeding season and the maturation processes may be more influenced by the fluctuation patterns than the length of the vegetative period. Behavioural differences are also known to occur between individuals from northern cyclic populations and individuals from southern stable populations. The relative importance of density fluctuations patterns and environmental harshness in causing geographical variation patterns is not known.