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Non-Legislated Emissions of SI Passenger Car with Ethanol Blend Fuels E10 & E85

Czerwinski J., Comte P., Stępień Z., Oleksiak S., Mayer A., Heeb N.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

2015

nr 204

108--123

The well-balanced use of alternative fuels worldwide is an important objective for the sustainable development of individual transportation. Several countries have set objectives to substitute a part of the energy of traffic by ethanol as the renewable energy source. The global share of Bioethanol used for transportation is continuously increasing. Investigations of limited and unregulated emissions of a flex fuel vehicle with gasoline- thanol blend fuel, have been performed in the present work according to the measuring procedures, which were established in the previous research, in the Swiss Network. The investigated fuel contained ethanol (E), in portions of 10% and 85% by volume. The investigated vehicle represented a newer state of technology and an emission level of Euro 5. The engine works with homogenous GDI concept and with 3-W-catalyst (3WC). Since there is special concern about particle emissions of gasoline cars with direct injection, the nanoparticle counts measurements were systematically performed with Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) at stationary and with Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) at dynamic operation. The non-legislated gaseous emissions were tested with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), with special focus on NH3, N2O and HCHO (Formaldehyde). The main results to be mentioned are: • the particle counts emissions are generally significantly reduced with Ethanol blend fuels at all operating conditions, • in Worldwide Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC) there is a clear increase of NH3 with E85 and an insignificant tendency of increasing NH3 with E10, • with all fuels (E0, E10 & E85) there are no emissions of N2O and no increase of HCHO (below 1 ppm) observed, in WLTC warm. The present research did not address the durability aspects and cold startability in extreme conditions.