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Utilization of Black Liquor as Urease Inhibitor for Ammonia Reduction

Sarwono Ariyanti, Widiantara Mohammad Dandy, Zahra Nurulbaiti Listyendah, Floresyona Dita, Suryawan I. Wayan Koko, Siagian Franky Michael Hamonangan, Septiariva Iva Yenis

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 2

213--218

Urea fertilizers in agricultural operations usually tend to produce large amounts of ammonia due to hydrolysis, therefore contribute to the air pollution. The purpose of this study was to study the potential black liquor from pulp industry as urease inhibitor. Characterization of the black liquor was carried out by Spectrophotometer Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) instruments. Meanwhile, the determination of ammonia levels was carried out using UV-spectrophotometer. The black liquor used in this process contains OH stretching, C=O stretching, an aromatic ring vibration, ring vibration, and guaiacil ring vibration indicating the presence of lignin. TGA primary weight loss in black liquor occurs above 200 °C. The addition of urease enzymes to urea tends to increase the release of ammonia. Meanwhile, the results showed that black liquor could prevent the nitrogen loss of urea.

Effect of Black Liquor from Date Palm on the Workability and Compressive Strength of Portland Cement and Concrete

Irekti A., Oualit M., Siahmed H., Buncianu D., Zibouche F.

Advances in Materials Science

2019

Vol. 19, nr 3(61)

5--18

Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer. Due to the high content of carbon and hydrogen (C-H, C-C, C=O), it can be used as a potential dispersant for cement matrix. The objective of this study is to extract lignin from date palm and study its effect in the form of black liquor (BL) on the rheological and physic-mechanical properties of the cements and concrete. The lignin in black liquor form represents approximately 30 wt% dry weight of date palm. It is a heteropolymer composed primarily of methoxylated phenylpropylene alcohol monomeric units interconnected by a variety of stable carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen-carbon (ether and esters) linkages. The results found show the positive effect on the workability of cement and concrete and confirms its dispersion effect by improving compressive strength of concrete during the early and the later ages of hydration.

Emission Factors for Combustion of Biomass Fuels in the Pulp and Paper Mills

Tarnawski W.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

2004

Vol. 12, no. 3 (47)

91--95

As one of the biggest wood consumers, pulp and paper mills are full participants in the C⇒CO2⇒C cycle. Thanks to the production of climate-neutral biomass fuels recovered from pulping (including cellulose for textile applications, i.e. fibre manufacturing) and papermaking waste, carbon dioxide emission from biomass combustion as neutral is not counted in the inventory. In this paper, the main grades of biomass waste are defined. The Kyoto Protocol target on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and methods of emission estimation are discussed. The available information on methane and nitrous oxide emission factors from different biomass boilers and other sources are collected. At the end, we present and discuss the factors of the other gas emissions from recovery boilers, lime kilns and BFB boilers when burning fuel mixture of wood waste, sludge and peat.

Celem artykułu jest określenie wielkości emisji gazów cieplarnianych, pochodzących ze spalania biomasy w przemyśle celulozowo-papierniczym. Podczas spalania biomasy, wytwarzany i emitowany jest CO2, atmosferyczny dwutlenek węgla pochłaniany przez rosnące drzewa. Następuje zamknięcie cyklu węglowego. Chociaż CO2 będący wynikiem spalania biomasy jest wyłączany z bilansu gazów cieplarnianych, to jednak czasami pojawia się metan i tlenki azotu. W artykule przedstawiono współczynniki emisji dla CH4 i N2O. Dołączono przykład obliczenia emisji gazów dla celulozowni i papierni.