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Dinoflagellate cysts from the Szlachtowa Formation (Jurassic) and adjacent deposits (Jurassic–Cretaceous) of the Grajcarek Unit at Szczawnica-Zabaniszcze (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Poland)

Gedl P.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 3

485–-502

EN

The Jurassic–Cretaceous fine-clastic dark deposits of the Grajcarek Unit (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Poland) show lithological similarities, which may lead to erroneous age correlations. Their well-exposed outcrop at Szczawnica-Zabaniszcze allows detailed sampling for their precise age determination. For this purpose, dinoflagellate cysts have been studied from a set of samples collected from the Szlachtowa, Opaleniec, Pieniny Limestone, Kapuśnica and Wronine formations exposed at that site (additional sample from the Pieniny Limestone Formation was studied). The Szlachtowa Formation, a very characteristic lithostratigraphic unit, which consists of black shale and sandstones extremely rich in mica flakes, occasionally referred to literature as the so-called "black flysch", yielded rich and well-preserved assemblages. Their age is Middle Jurassic, spanning the Aalenian to Lower Bajocian. The exposures of the Szlachtowa Formation at Szczawnica-Zabaniszcze are located close to the outcrops of the Opaleniec Formation. The calcareous spotted shale from this lithostratigraphic unit yielded rich dinoflagellate cyst assemblage characteristic for Late Bathonian (Early Callovian). The Opaleniec Formation tectonically contacts with very similar non-calcareous spotted shale of the Wronine Formation. Its age, based on infrequent dinoflagellate cysts is Aptian–Albian. Similar, Lower Aptian age was concluded for the Kapuśnica Formation. Late Barremian–earliest Aptian dinoflagellate cysts have been found in the underlying topmost part of the Pieniny Limestone Formation.

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Trace element geochemistry of the Early to Late Cretaceous deposits of the Grajcarek thrust-sheets - a palaeoenvironmental approach (Małe Pieniny Mts., Pieniny Klippen Belt, Poland)

Wójcik-Tabol P., Oszczypko N.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 1

169-186

EN

The chemical composition of the Cretaceous deposits of the Grajcarek thrust-sheets (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Poland) has been investigated to provide information on palaeoenvironment and provenance of pelagic and turbiditic particles. The material studied shows large variations in terrigenous and biogenic content. Phyllosilicates (mirrored in amounts of Al2O3, average 15 wt.%) and carbonates (6 wt.% of CaO) are common mineral components of the deposits excluding the Cenomanian radiolarian shales (CRS) that are enriched in silica "Immobile" elements may be accommodated by phyllosilicates and accessory minerals (i.e. zircon, xenotime, apatite and Ti-oxides). Heavy minerals are significant within the Szlachtowa Fm. High field strength elements (HFSE) in the Malinowa Fm. are housed in secondary apatite and Fe-oxides. Lithophile trace elements (LILE) concentrations in the material studied are lower/comparable to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS). Ba concentration in the CRS probably reflects enhanced bioproductivity. Interaction between major oxides, distributions of "immobile' and lithophile elements suggest that variation in trace elements through the succession was mainly controlled by the terrigenous input. The material studied was sourced from intermediate to felsic rocks of the Czorsztyn (Oravic) Ridge. The Szlachtowa Fm. and CRS are more mature than others due to low contents of clay minerals. The Szlachtowa Fm. also contains recycled material. The CRS correspond to the oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE 2) whereas the "Black Flysch" of the Szlachtowa and Opaleniec formations may be related to the Early Cretaceous OAE 1

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Early to Late Bajocian age of the "black flysch" (Szlachtowa Fm.) deposits: implications for the history and geological structure of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians

Barski M., Matyja B. A., Segit T., Wierzbowski A.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 3

391-410

EN

The "black flysch" deposits (Szlachtowa Formation at Podubocze near Czorsztyn in Poland), attributed so far to the Pieniny Klippen Basin successions, and at Hałuszowa in Poland as well as at Kamienka in Eastern Slovakia, attributed to the Grajcarek Succession of the Magura Basin, have yielded rich dinoflagellate cyst assemblages consisting of forms both redeposited (from Upper Triassic to Aalenian) and indigenous (Lower Bajocian to Upper Bajocian). An Early to Late Bajocian age of the deposits investigated is thus indicated, and this along with other stratigraphical, sedimentological and tectonic data indicates that all the deposits in question represent the early stages of development of the Magura Basin. The formation of “black flysch” deposits was possibly related to the Early Bajocian uplift of the Czorsztyn Ridge which resulted from the opening of the Magura Ocean. The occurrence of the deposits of the Magura Basin below the overthrusted deposits of the Klippen Basin (Czorsztyn Unit) in the area of study results in a marked change in the structural interpretation of the Pieniny Klippen Belt.

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Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian-?Cenomanian) age of “black flysch” and adjacent deposits of the Grajcarek thrust-sheets in the Male Pieniny Mts. (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Polish Outer Carpathians)

Oszczypko N., Olszewska B., Malata E.

Geological Quarterly

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2012

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Vol. 56, No 3

411--440

EN

Several sections record the relation between the “black flysch” and Upper Cretaceous red shales in the Grajcarek thrust-sheets. In all the sections studied the “black flysch” appears in the core of imbricated folds or thrust-sheets, whereas the limbs are composed of Upper Cretaceous deposits. The transitional beds between the “ black flysch” and the Upper Cretaceous red shales are composed of green and black bituminous shales, green and red radiolarites and cherty limestones. Biostratigraphical investigations have revealed a similar type and sequence of microfauna assemblages in all the sections studied and significant redeposition of Jurassic calcareous benthic foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, molluscs, sponge spicules and crinoid elements. The Cretaceous age (Aptian/Albian-?Cenomanian) of the “black flysch” is shown by the presence of agglutinated foraminifera and microfacies data. These deposits are underlain by a Kimmeridgian-Aptian radiolarite/limestone condensed succession and overlain by Turonian-Campanian hemipelagic red shales and Maastrichtian/Lower Paleocene conglomerates and thick-bedded silicilastic turbidites of the Jarmuta Formation. Such a sequence of deposits is typical of the Outer Carpathian basins and records the global Mid/Late Cretaceous phenomena in the world ocean, followed by the Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds.

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Wiek formacji szlachtowskiej (tzw. czarnego fliszu) i formacji z Opaleńca pienińskiego pasa skałkowego w Polsce na podstawie badań dinocyst

Gedl P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 3

245-252

EN

The Szlachtowa and the Opaleniec formations (Pieniny Klippen Belt, Poland) contain rich dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. The one from the Szlachtowa Formation (previously known as the "black flysch") is dominated by specimens representing the genera Dissiliodinium and Nannoceratopsis. The age of dinoflagellate cysts from this lithostratigraphic unit can be assumed as the Aalenian-Bajocian. Another assemblage occurs in the Opaleniec Formation. Being taxonomically more diverse, it contains several species including Ctenidodinium combazii, C. ornatum, Endoscrinium asymmetricum, Epiplosphaera gochtii, E. reticulata, Atopodinium prostatum, Adnatosphaeridium caulleryi. Age-range of this assemblage can be estimated as the Bajocian-Bathonian. No indications of Jurassic fossil redeposition that could justify suggestions of Cretaceous age of these lithostratigraphic units have been found.