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PL
W artykule omówiono system metalowych elewacji wentylowanych. Omówiono jego elementy składowe oraz podano potencjalne miejsca błędów wykonawczych. Odniesiono się również do poszczególnych etapów inwestycji tj. projektowania i wykonawstwa, podając zalecenia poprawności ich przeprowadzenia.
EN
The article discusses the system of metal ventilated facades. Its constituent elements were discussed and potential execution errors were given. Reference was also made to the individual stages of the project, i.e. design and construction, giving recommendations on the correctness of their implementation.
EN
Purpose: The industry constantly seek reduction of production costs combined with improved product quality. The major challenge faced is to maintain the product quality. In this work, it is proposed an optimization methodology for a product of the white line. The objective is to study the behavior of some components after a reduction in sheet thickness and maintain the same original structural loads. Design/methodology/approach: A two-dimensional mathematical model, obtained in CAD software, for numerical simulation of the effects of the reduction in thickness, is examined. Finally, it was developed an optimized methodology, based on mathematical and statistical analysis, in order to calculate the possible sheet thickness reduction from its original structure. Findings: It was observed that it is possible by means of computer simulation and appropriate statistical analysis to decrease the thickness of assembled components in order to optimize costs and processes. Research limitations/implications: Since this is an experimental research with numerical data, it would be fundamental for this technique of optimization a future research with physical products for comparison with the computational data. Originality/value: The objective of experiment is maintain the product quality and because it is a job for optimization of processes and consequently costs, the great beneficiary will be the industry.
3
Content available remote Odporność blach dachowych na obciążenie skupione
4
Content available remote Sekwencyjne kształtowanie blach metalowych.
EN
Purpose: Paper describes bending of sheet metal for angles greater than 90 degrees on simple forming tools. Bending using the bending method „traktrix” (in two steps) or the method „turning of the strip” (in one step) can be used for more complicated bends, i. e., for 90 degrees or more. Design/methodology/approach: We used the principle of “traktrix“ curve known in field of deep drawing process in bending process. The bending method, based on „traktrix” curve for more complicated bends, i. e., for 90° or more was developed. A sketch of 90° bending of unknown author and unknown source existed. Findings: It’s possible to bend sheet metal for 90 degrees or more using “traktrix” curve. Research limitations/implications: The research was limited by time and costs. We carried out the research till we get the described product. Future research should be performed in field of parameters of bending tool. Practical implications: We made only one version of each method, of course for practical reasons since we did not need different angles on one product. It would be appropriate to complement both methods in detail theoretically and by testing in the frame of a more comprehensive research work. Originality/value: This article describes the original approach to bending of sheet metal for angles greater than 90 degrees. Movement of forming tool is carried out only in vertical direction and therefore savings by construction and manufacturing of bending tools are possible.
EN
Surface is characterised by its tension, viscosity, energy, residual stresses and mechanical features like roughness etc. The residual stress as a component of total stress is very important property of thin films, coatings and surface layers. Non-destructive and non-reference diffraction methods of measurement are suiable for surface examinations. New approach in surface residual stress determination can be achieved using g-square sin psi method i.e. new version of square sin psi method adapted to grazing angle incidence X-ray diffraction geometry. This new approach was applied to residual macro-stresses measurement in workpieces by laser forming.
PL
Właściwości powierzchni określane są przez napięcie powierzchniowe, energię, naprężenia własne oraz przez geometryczne cechy jak falistość i gładkość. Naprężenia własne szczególnie dotyczą warstw powierzchniowych i cienkich filmów. Ich poziom może sięgać granicy plastyczności. Nieniszczące i bezwzorcowe metody dyfrakcyjne są odpowiednimi narzędziami do badań powierzchni. Do pomiaru makro-naprężeń własnych po laserowej i bezdotykowej deformacji zastosowano nową metodę g-sin kwadrat psi, w której wykorzystano dyfrakcję w geometrii stałego kąta padania.
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