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Electrochemical Process Investigation of Synthesizing Magnesium Oxide from Bittern Solution for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Sealant

Sulistyo, Saefudin Slamet, Sulardjaka, Rahman Reza Abdu

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

2024

Vol. 18, no 6

476--483

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is an essential material for producing solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) sealant. It can be derived from bittern waste. The common approach uses membrane electrolysis, which requires complex equipment and high energy costs. Alternatively, direct electrolysis can be taken using proper parameters to maximize the production rate. This work analyzes the process according to the input voltage, which varies between 10 and 16 Volts. The designed working voltage is suitable for direct conversion from renewable sources such as photovoltaic. The evaluation shows that the working voltage notably affects the reaction rate of the bittern solution. The working voltage of 16 Volts has the lowest power factor (2.58), while the working voltage of 10 Volts indicates the highest power factor of 3.56. It makes the reaction rate for the working voltage of 10 Volts extremely low, causing the lowest production rate of MgO with only 4.27 Grams. Oppositely, the suitable working voltage improves the production of MgO up to 75%. Microscope evaluation indicates that the produced MgO from the process has a lower agglomeration concentration after heat treatment at 700 °C, which is desirable to ensure effective fuel transfer in fuel cell apparatus.

Optimizing Electrodialytic Recovery of Mineral Ions from Bittern Wastewater Using D-Optimality Design

Anggrainy Anita Dwi, Sinatria Afrah Zhafirah, Bagastyo Arseto Yekti, Mohd-Zaki Zuhaida

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 10

369--379

Electrodialysis has been proven effective due to its high selectivity for separating monovalent and divalent ions. This study statistically evaluated the simultaneous electrodialytic recovery of mineral ions from bittern wastewater. The objective was to investigate the effect of cell number, anode materials, and applied voltage to optimize mineral ion recovery. A D-optimality design response surface methodology was performed to estimate the model parameter and identify the factors contributing to mineral ions recovery. The effects of independent variables and their interactions on the responses were investigated using ANOVA. All developed models were highly significant, with a p-value of <0.0001. The applied voltage was considered very important for the recovery process of all mineral ions as it affects the driving force of ion migration through the ion-exchange membrane. The optimization analysis (desirability value of 0.967) revealed 12% Cl–, 14% SO4 2–, 0.7% Mg2+, and 21% Ca2+ recovery at the combination of 5-cells configuration, graphite electrode, and 9 V.