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Biotypowanie mikroorganizmów za pomocą spektrometrii mas oraz spektroskopii NMR

Mielko Karolina Anna, Młynarz Piotr

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2020

[Z] 74, 1-2

57--70

Typing microorganisms is a very important element of laboratory diagnostics. Appropriate recognition of the pathogen and determination of its sensitivity to the drugs used is necessary to start treatment. There are many types of microbial typing. The most popular division is genotypic and phenotypic typing (among which biotyping, antibiotic resistance analysis, and protein profile analysis are the most common) or phagotyping) [1, 2]. Recently, there has been a very rapid development of mass spectrometry techniques as a method for identifying microorganisms [3]. Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) are methods that allow the comparison of metabolomic profiles of microorganisms. These are also methods commonly used in metabolomics. Metabolomics is a field of science dealing with the analysis of low-mass compounds characteristic of the studied material [4]. Therefore, the use of metabolomics in microbiology allows to identify and discriminate of microorganisms [5]. Recently, the analyzes also apply to metabolites. Many studies focus on the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that allow the analysis of samples directly from the patient without the need for isolation of a single microorganism [6, 7]. Recent studies show many possibilities for the use of NMR spectroscopy. The results of the analysis show that it is also a method that allows the identification and differentiation of strains of microorganisms. Thanks to this method it is also possible to determine the origin of the strain or to indicate its resistance to antibiotics. [10, 11]. Improvement of research algorithms used in metabolomics for biotyping microorganisms may in the future allow for the creation of a fast, accurate and cheap way to identify microorganisms. Proteomic tests using the MS method are very popular, in which protein profiles of strains are analyzed and compared. These studies are mainly conducted using MALDI-TOF MS mass spectrometry. This technique is now quite widely used in microbiological diagnostics [10]. The research confirms the high discrimination power of this method [11].

Identyfikacja pałeczek Yersinia enterocolitica - metoda biotypowania

Morka K., Bugla-Płoskońska G.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

2017

nr 11-12

37--39

Yersinia enterocolitica jest czynnikiem etiologicznym jersiniozy, odzwierzęcej choroby zakaźnej szerzącej się wśród ludzi zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie. Jest to heterogenny gatunek bakterii, skupiający szczepy sześciu biotypów różniące się stopniem patogenności. Biotyp 1A uznano za niepatogenny wobec ludzi, podczas gdy biotypy: 2, 3, 4, 5 wykazują słabą patogenność, a biotyp 1B – najsilniejszą. Na finalny proces identyfikacji Y. enterocolitica wpływ mogą mieć: zastosowana metoda, źródło oraz procedura izolacji szczepów. Jedną z procedur służącą do określenia potencjalnej patogenności jest metoda biotypowania, polegająca na ocenie zdolności wytwarzania enzymów czy rozkładania związków zawartych w podłożu.

Yersinia enterocolitica is an etiologic agent of yersiniosis, a zoonotic infectious disease spreading among humans both in Poland and in the world. This is a heterogeneous species of bacteria which consist of strains of six biotypes that differ in the level of pathogenicity. Biotype 1A is considered nonpathogenic for humans, while biotypes 2, 3, 4, 5 are weakly pathogenic and biotype 1B is the most pathogenic. Y. enterocolitica identification is dependent on the methodology, the source of isolates and the isolation protocol. One of the protocols used to identify potential pathogenicity is a biotyping method, which involves assessing the ability of enzymes production or substrate fermenting by bacteria cultured in the media.