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2 2010

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Zróżnicowanie kosodrzewiny w Tatrach, w świetle badań teledetekcyjnych

Zwijacz-Kozica M.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

2010

T. 44

1--61

Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) is the main component in the subalpine belt in the Tatra National Park, where the study was conducted. From the ecological point of view dwarf pine plays an important role in the sensitive mountainous area. Until now there were no studies focused on structure of dwarf pine community and there were also no attempts to work out methodology for detailed qualitative and quantitative description of dwarf pine. In this study for the first time it was aimed to prepare methodology of dwarf pine characterization and monitoring using hyperspectral data. Analysis involved processing of airborne and satellite images data and field measurements. Presented study evaluated linear predictive models between vegetation indices derived from radiometrically corrected air- borne imaging spectrometer ROSIS, spectral field and laboratory measurements and field measurements of dwarf pine biophysical variables (LAI, fAPAR). Narrow band vegetation indices were computed on the basis of all possible two-band combinations of set of vegetation indices (VI, NDVI, PVI, SAVI2, TSAVI). VI based on ROSIS wavebands 510 nm and 630 nm was linearly related to leaf area index (R2=0,48). VI and NDVI based on FieldSpec HH wavebands 886 nm and 518 nm performed better and were linearly related to LAI (R2=0,72). TSAVI based on ROSIS wavebands 658 nm and 570 nm was linearly related to the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (R2=0,72). SAVI2 based on FieldSpec HH wavebands 747 nm and 703 nm was linearly related to fAPAR (R2=0,81). Analysed indices of vegetation condition were correlated (R2>0,90) with spectral vegetation indices based on FieldSpec Pro laboratory data. The study shows that for hyperspectral image data covering spectral region of visible light and near infrared, linear regression models can be applied to quantify LAI and fAPAR with satisfying accuracy. Models involving spectral information from sensors that have wider spectral range have better potential to linearly quantify biophysical vegetation parameters involving spectral vegetation indices. Vegetation indices that have the best relation to LAI and fAPAR were based on wavebands related to spectral features. It can be assumed that hyperspectral data contain information relevant to the estimation of vegetation biophysical parameters. In this study it was investigated if dwarf pine community differs spectrally within study site. To assess presence and extent of the spectral differentiation the set of field and laboratory spectral measurements were used. Reflectance curves were compared visually and using the statistical test. It was demonstrated that the majority of the studied dwarf pine plots have a characteristic signature. Parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which offer greatest information content for discriminating between and identifying dwarf pine spectral types were indicated. It was also examined if any of abiotic components of environment (altitude above sea level, aspect, slope, soil type, geology, global radiation and temperature) has an influence on the spatial distribution of LAI and fAPAR values. WMP (index of tie strength) and MP (tie strength) were used to assess an extent of the influence. It was found that neither of investigated abiotic factors affects LAI and fAPAR values.

Impact of raw material combinations on the biophysical parameters and underwear microclimate of two-layer knitted materials

Kowalski K., Janicka J., Massalska-Lipińska T., Nyka M.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

2010

Vol. 18, no. 5 (82)

64--70

This paper presents an evaluation of the biophysical properties of 27 variants of two-layer knitted fabrics mainly differing in the kind of raw material used in the conductive and diffusive layers. The method developed for the moisture content monitoring of particular layers of knitted fabric enables to arrange the raw material combinations in the structure of two-layer knitted fabric designed for recreational and sport products. Variants of knitted fabric differing in the moisture content of the inner layer were tested using an artificial skin model to assess moisture transportability in the form of a steam phase, as well as the parameters of the underwear microclimate – the temperature and relative humidity during physical effort by means of a cyclo-ergograph. It is documented that a low content of humidity in the product’s inner layer is the reason for a low value of relative humidity in the underwear microclimate during and after physical effort.

W pracy dokonano oceny właściwości biofizycznych 27 wariantów dzianin dwuwarstwowych różniących się głównie rodzajem zastosowanego surowca w warstwie konduktywno-dyfuzyjnej. Opracowana metoda pomiaru zawartości wilgoci w poszczególnych warstwach dzianin umożliwia racjonalne zestawienie połączeń surowców w konstrukcji dzianin dwuwarstwowych przeznaczonych na wyroby rekreacyjno-sportowe. Dla wariantów dzianin różniących się zawartością wilgoci w warstwie wewnętrznej na modelu „sztucznej skóry”, przeprowadzono badania zdolności odprowadzania wilgoci w postaci fazy parowej oraz dokonano oceny parametrów mikroklimatu pododzieżowego – temperatury i wilgotności względnej podczas testu wysiłkowego na cykloergometrze. Udokumentowano, iż niska zawartość wilgoci w warstwie wewnętrznej wyrobu jest czynnikiem sprzyjającym niskiej wartości wilgotności względnej w mikroklimacie pododzieżowym podczas wysiłku fizycznego i po jego zakończeniu.