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Biological monitoring using lichens as a source of information about contamination of mountain with heavy metals

Budzyńska-Lipka Wiktoria, Świsłowski Paweł, Rajfur Małgorzata

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 2

155--168

EN

The aim of this study was passive biomonitoring of the mountains of southern Poland. Lichens Hypogymnia physodes were used for the study. Concentrations of the heavy metals Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined in these lichens. The concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The analysis of the concentrations of the determined heavy metals in the lichen thallus allowed to determine the places with the highest and the lowest contamination with a given heavy metal in the study area. It was shown that the area of Great Czantoria and Big Soszow is the most contaminated with heavy metals among the investigated areas. The study shows that the transport of analytes with the wind from distant emission sources, low-level emission (coal burning), and traffic have the greatest influence on the level of atmospheric aerosol pollution in the study area.

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Passive and active biomonitoring of atmospheric aerosol with the use of mosses

Słonina Nikola, Świsłowski Paweł, Rajfur Małgorzata

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 2

163--172

EN

The aim of the carried out research was passive and active biomonitoring of woodlands in the Opole province. Pleurozium schreberi mosses were used during the research, in which the following heavy metals concentrations were determined: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb. Concentrations were determined with absorption atomic spectrometry (AAS). On the basis of the carried out research, concentrations of heavy metals in moss samples used in the passive and active biomonitoring methods were compared. The obtained results indicate that Pleurozium schreberi mosses can be successfully used in both passive and active biomonitoring, however, these methods should not be used interchangeably in a defined study area. On the basis of carried out research it was determined that the applied biomonitoring methods can be supplementary.

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Ocena jednorodności zanieczyszczenia kory drzew liściastych metalami ciężkimi

Pańczyk M., Świsłowski P., Rajfur M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2018

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Vol. 12, No. 2

539--549

PL

Celem badań była ocena jednorodności zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb) kory drzew liściastych pobranej z lasu mieszanego na terenie gminy Ozimek (województwo opolskie). W ramach biomonitoringu pasywnego pobrano próbki kory z trzech gatunków drzew liściastych: z brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth.), buka zwyczajnego (Fagus sylvatica L.) oraz z dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.). Metale ciężkie oznaczono za pomocą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (AAS). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań można jednoznacznie stwierdzić, że kora drzew wykorzystanych do badań różni się pod względem stężeń metali ciężkich. Największe średnie zawartości Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb występują w brzozie, a największa średnia wartość Ni w korze dębu. Najniższymi średnimi stężeniami charakteryzuje się kora buka. Różnice te są spowodowane najprawdopodobniej różnicą w obrębie struktury kory poszczególnych gatunków. Analizując wartości odchylenia standardowego SD i współczynnika zmienności CV, można stwierdzić, że kora drzew jest materiałem niejednorodnym. Wykazano również, że na wysoki poziom cynku w korze może mieć wpływ sąsiedztwo potencjalnego emitora, jakim jest Huta „Małapanew S.A.”.

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the homogeneity of heavy metal contamination (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) of deciduous tree bark taken from a mixed forest in the commune of Ozimek (Opolskie Province). As part of passive biomonitoring, bark samples were taken from three deciduous tree species: Betula pendula Roth., Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L. Heavy metals were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method. On the basis of the conducted studies, it can be clearly stated that the bark of trees used in the study differs in terms of concentrations of heavy metals. The highest mean contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb are found in birch and the highest mean value of Ni in Quercus robur L. Fagus sylvatica L bark is characterized by the lowest mean concentrations. These differences are most probably caused by differences in the structure of the bark of individual species. The analysis of SD standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV) shows that tree bark is a heterogeneous material. It was also shown that the high level of zinc in the bark may be influenced by the proximity of a potential emitter, i.e. Ironwork "Małapanew S.A.".

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Mushrooms as biomonitors of heavy metals contamination in forest areas

Świsłowski P., Rajfur M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 4

557--568

EN

The aim of the research was to assess the level of contamination with heavy metals (manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead) in two forest areas selected in different places in Poland: the first one in the Swietokrzyskie Province (forests of the Staporkow Forest Division) and the second one in the Opolskie Province (forests of the Kup Forest Division). The degree of contamination of these forest areas with analytes was found using edible large-fruited mushrooms naturally occurring there - the research was carried out using passive biomonitoring method. Heavy metals in mushrooms (separately in stems and hats) as well as in soil samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with excitation in flame (F-AAS). The obtained results were interpreted by assessing the degree of contamination of forest areas on the basis of concentrations of heavy metals in mushrooms. The obtained results indicate an increased accumulation of heavy metals in hats than in mushrooms stems. On the basis of the obtained data, significant contamination of forest areas with selected heavy metals was also found. This is confirmed by the possibility of using mushrooms as biomonitors in passive biomonitoring of forest areas, which are heavy metal accumulators. In the interpretation of the test results, the phytocumuling factor (PF) was also used. The degree of accumulation of heavy metals, from given forest areas - from soil to mushrooms - was assessed on the basis of determined PF coefficients. In addition, good bioavailability of the analysed analytes by mushrooms was found. Additionally, on the basis of the conducted studies, the possibility of mushroom consumption was assessed - they are not suitable for consumption due to the fact that the permissible concentration standards of heavy metals contained in mushrooms were exceeded.

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Lemna minor L. jako biomonitor punktowych źródeł zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi ekosystemów wodnych

Szmit K., Marciniak M., Rajfur M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2017

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Vol. 11, No. 1

303--311

PL

W 2016 roku przeprowadzono wstępne badania, których celem była ocena możliwości wykorzystania rzęsy drobnej (Lemna minor L.) w biomonitoringu pasywnym wód powierzchniowych. Rzęsa drobna została pobrana ze zbiorników i cieków wodnych zlokalizowanych w gminach: Grodków, Lewin Brzeski, Niemodlin oraz na terenie miasta Opole (województwo opolskie). Metale ciężkie (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb) w zmineralizowanych próbkach bioty oznaczono metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (AAS). Wskazano na różnice w stężeniach metali ciężkich w próbkach Lemna minor L. pobranych ze zbiorników położonych w różnej odległości od źródeł zanieczyszczeń, którymi były np. szlaki komunikacyjne (autostrada A4, droga krajowa nr 94) i zakłady przemysłowe. Wyniki badań potwierdziły przydatność Lemna minor L. jako biomonitora do wykrywania punktowych źródeł zanieczyszczenia ekosystemów wodnych m.in. ołowiem i niklem.

EN

A preliminary study was conducted in 2016 to assess the possibility of using common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) in passive biomonitoring of surface waters. The duckweed was collected from reservoirs and watercourses located in Grodkow, Lewin Brzeski, Niemodlin and Opole (Opole Province). Heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in mineralized biota samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Differences in heavy metals concentrations were observed in samples of Lemna minor L. collected from reservoirs located at different distances from contamination sources, such as communication routes (A4 motorway, national road 94) and industrial plants. The results of the study confirmed the usefulness of Lemna minor L. as a biomonitor of point sources of aquatic ecosystems contamination with, i.a. lead and nickel.

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Biomonitoring pasywny terenów leśnych w gminie Twardogóra

Marciniak M., Kłos A., Rajfur M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2016

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Vol. 10, No. 2

711--720

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena poziomu zanieczyszczenia wybranymi metalami ciężkimi: Zn, Ni, Cd i Pb terenów leśnych gminy Twardogóra. Miasto Twardogóra położone jest w północno-wschodniej części województwa dolnośląskiego, lasy stanowią 44% całej powierzchni gminy. Porosty Hypogymnia physodes oraz mchy Pleurozium schreberi pobrane zostały z 32 miejsc zlokalizowanych w pobliżu wsi Gola, Goszcz, Grabowno Wielkie oraz Sosnówka. Wybrane metale ciężkie (Ni, Zn, Cd i Pb) oznaczono metodą absorpcyjnej spektroskopii atomowej. Wyniki badań zinterpretowano, wykorzystując m.in. współczynnik porównawczy CF, będący różnicą w stężeniach analitu zakumulowanego w porostach i w mchach, odniesioną do jego średniej zawartości w porostach i w mchach. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na niejednorodną depozycję metali ciężkich na badanym obszarze, szczególnie Zn, Pb i Cd, co potwierdzają m.in. wyznaczone wartości CF. Wykazano, że mchy oraz porosty mogą być ważnym źródłem informacji o zanieczyszczeniu środowiska.

EN

The aim of the study was the assessment of level of contamination with selected heavy metals: Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb of forest areas in Twardogóra commune. The Twardogóra town is located in the north-eastern part of Lower Silesia Province, forests account for 44% of the total area of the commune. Hypogymnia physodes lichens and Pleurozium schreberi moss were collected from 32 sites located near Gola, Goszcz, Grabowno Wielkie and Sosnówka villages. Selected heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb) were determined using atomic absporption spectrometry method. The results were interpreted using, among others, Comparison Factor CF, which is a difference in concentrations of analyte accumulated in lichens and moss, relative to its average content in lichens and moss. The results indicate a non-uniform deposition of heavy metals on the studied area, especially Zn, Pb and Cd, which is confirmed by the designated CF values. It has been shown, that moss and lichens can be an important source of information about environmental contamination.