Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Utilizing fluctuation asymmetry to assess the effects of U-238 radioactivity on the marine ecosystem around the Madras nuclear power plant, India

AL-Sharif Sherif A., Chapara Manjulatha, El-Taher Atef, Salah-Tantawy Ahmed

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2023

|

Vol. 52, No. 4

437--445

EN

The monitoring of marine ecosystems is crucial due to the growing threat posed by nuclear power plants and other nuclear anthropogenic emissions. In our work, we used a straightforward and low-cost biomonitoring technique called fluctuation asymmetry (FA) to examine the variation between the left and right sides (developmental instability) of organisms’ traits that were influenced by genetic and environmental variables in the early stages of ontogenesis. The specimens of fish (Leiognathus sp.) and crabs (Portunus sanguinolentus) were collected seasonally and used as bioindicators to determine the effects of Uranium-238 (U-238) radioactivity around a nuclear power plant. The obtained results revealed that FA values were not considered typical values (FA = 0) in all seasons. Moreover, FA values of Leiognathus sp. exhibited insignificant fluctuation for a particular characteristic through the different seasons, while a significant fluctuation occurred amongst the characteristics themselves throughout the same season. Inversely, FA values of the four characteristics in Portunus sanguinolentus displayed seasonal variation amongst them all. Statistically, there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.5, p < 0.05) between U-238 radioactivity in the flesh of both organisms and the fluctuation asymmetry of different traits but it is not a sign that any radioactive pollution exists.

2

Use of Biomonitoring Tools to Detect Water Quality-Dependent Ecosystem (Macroinvertebrate) Responses in Lentic Systems : the Examples of Lakes İznik and Manyas, Türkiye

Mercan Deniz, Arslan Naime

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2023

|

Vol. 52, No. 1

79--89

EN

Lakes İznik and Manyas located in Türkiye are important biodiversity resources in the Palearctic region. No studies to date have explored the ecological statuses of these lakes together with their water quality based on biotic indices utilizing benthic macroinvertebrates. In this study, some parameters listed in the SWQMR of Türkiye were measured to determine the ecological quality of the lakes. Biotic indices included in the WFD and bacteriological parameters in terms of human health were also evaluated for these lakes. Sampling was performed at 6 stations in 2018-2019. Results for the zoobenthic community structure indicate that Lake İznik has started to become organically polluted and Lake Manyas is more polluted. Also, the biological index results for Lake İznik also show that the lake water quality has started to decrease and that pollution conditions have occurred, pointing to class III water quality. It is clear that there is pollution pressure in Lake İznik. However, according to the results, the macrozoobenthic community structure, diversity, and water quality of Lake İznik seem to be better than those of Lake Manyas. According to the results of the water qualities in the lakes, precautions should be taken to eliminate the negative pressures seen in both lakes.

3

Performance of Metallothionein Biomarker from Sulcospira testudinaria to Assess Heavy Metal Pollution in the Brantas River Watershed, Indonesia

Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto, Arfiati Diana, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Putra Renanda B. D. S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 3

276--286

EN

Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems is a critical issue because it threatens the ecosystem as well as public health. Early detection of these pollutants is therefore essential, and biomarker analysis can be an ideal way to achieve this. Metallothionein (MT) protein is a widely-used molecular biomarker related to the physiological and biological changes which suitable bioindicators, like freshwater snails, undergo in stressful environments. The purpose of this research is to assess the relationship between the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) and MT levels in freshwater snails (Sulcospira testudinaria) in the Brantas River watershed. Heavy metals were assayed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, while MT levels were analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Water quality parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia concentration, and phenol concentration were also measured. Samples were obtained from ten sampling sites at Brantas River watershed. The results indicated that Pb concentration ranged from 0.001–0.006 mg/L, Hg from 0.001–0.005 mg/L, and Cd from 0.005–0.03 mg/L, while MT concentration ranged from 0.40–0.80 ng/g. Relationship analysis between heavy metals and MT level in this study revealed the significant effect of Pb concentration on MT values in Sulcospira testudinaria. Therefore, MT in this snail is a potential biomarker for Pb contamination.

4

Evaluation of the Effects of Three Chemical Fertilizers on Artemia salina

Naamane Ayoub, El Birgui Kaouthar, Rafii Soumaya, Merbouh Chaimaa, Iounes Nadia, El Amrani Souad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 5

103--109

EN

As part of eco-toxicological tests on Artemia salina, the impact of the most commonly used fertilizers in Morocco was assessed (Ammonium Sulfate, Ammonium Nitrate, and a mixture of Nitrogen 10%, Phosphorus 30% and Potassium 10%), with Potassium Bichromate (K2Cr2O7) as reference substance at different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg/l), for 24 hours. The results of the statistical study revealed that the lethal effects caused by the three agrochemicals increase with the concentration and vary from one substance to another in a significant way. There is a higher sensitivity to ammonium sulphate (the concentration that kills 50% of the animals: 37.32 mg/l ± 6.09) followed by ammonium nitrate the concentration that kills 50% of the animals: 110.7 mg/l ± 7.11), and a mixture of Nitrogen 10%, Phosphorus 30% and Potassium 10% (the concentration that kills 50% of the animals: 143.13 mg/l ± 23.12). Therefore, Artemia salina exhibits sensitivity to agrochemicals and can be considered as a good biomonitoring tool for future toxicological analysis of agrochemicals.

5

Biomonitoring z wykorzystaniem sieci pajęczych – jakość powietrza i ocena narażenia zdrowotnego

Trzyna Agnieszka, Rybak Justyna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2022

|

Nr 82

7--19

PL

Biomonitoring jakości powietrza z wykorzystaniem sieci pajęczych przeprowadzono we Wrocławiu w 2020 r. Po określonym czasie ekspozycji sieci przeanalizowano pod kątem zawartości pierwiastków potencjalnie toksycznych (Fe, Pb, Zn). Zważając na fakt, że otrzymane wartości były wyższe niż wartości w poprzednich latach, wykonano dodatkowo ocenę narażenia zdrowotnego, wynikającego z obecności pierwiastków potencjalnie toksycznych w powietrzu. W przypadku Fe oraz Pb całościowy wskaźnik zagrożenia był wysoki, wskazując na możliwe zagrożenie zdrowotne związane z narażeniem na te pierwiastki, natomiast wyniki dla Zn nie wskazały na istnienie takiego zagrożenia. Biomonitoring z wykorzystaniem sieci pajęczych udowodnił, że materiał ten może być z powodzeniem wykorzystywany przy oszacowaniu jakości powietrza, a analiza obecnych na sieciach pierwiastków pomaga przy ocenie zagrożenia zdrowotnego.

EN

Air quality biomonitoring was conducted with the use of spider webs in Wrocław in 2020. After the specified exposure time, the webs were analyzed in order to determine the content of potentially toxic elements (Fe, Pb, Zn). Due to the fact that the obtained concentrations were higher than values recorded in previous years, an additional assessment of health hazard, resulting from the presence of potentially toxic elements in the air, was performed. In the case of Fe and Pb, the overall hazard index was found to be high, indicating the possible existence of a health hazard associated with exposure to these elements, while the results for Zn did not point to such a hazard. Biomonitoring with the use of spider webs has proven that this material can be successfully used in air quality assessment, and the analysis of the elements collected on the webs can help in assessing health hazard.

6

Wybrane narzędzia informatyczne w kontroli jakości wody

Herczyk Tomasz, Kuliński Emil

Kierunek Wod-Kan

|

2022

|

Nr 2

68--75

PL

Niezwykle istotne jest dziś podejmowanie działań prewencyjnych, w celu minimalizowania prawdopodobieństwa pojawiania się zagrożeń wpływających na bezpieczeństwo wody. Jednym z kluczowych czynników jest tu monitoring jej jakości.

7

The Problem of Monitoring the Atmospheric Air of Russian Metropolises on the Example of the Green Zones of St. Petersburg

Glum Tikhon, Menshikov Stepan, Smirnov Yurii

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 1

110--117

EN

The article studies the problem of assessing the quality of atmospheric air in the green areas of the metropolis. The aim of the work is to compare the data obtained by the biomonitoring method with information from unified state environmental monitoring system (USEMS). The sample object of the study is a Udelny park located in the Primorsky district of the city of St. Petersburg. The objectives of the study include the analysis of atmospheric pollution of the Udelny Park by the method of bioindication, comparison of the data obtained with the general telephone indicators, as well as with information from the nearest USEMS posts. When studying the object, the method of V.M. Zakharov was used to study the fluctuating asymmetry of the leaf plates of the hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth.). The site between Udelny Ave., the Vyborg railway line, Testers Ave. and Kolomyazhsky Ave. with an approximate area of 18 hectares was chosen as a model site. The assessment was carried out on 12 pickets, at each 100 samples of leaf plates were taken in total. For comparison, data were obtained from a stationary observation post for the state of atmospheric air pollution, information on the content of pollutants in the air of the Primorsky district. The study found that the quality of atmospheric air in the territory is low. In part of the pickets, the value of the fluctuating asymmetry index was more than 0.054, which corresponds to the V score (critical pollution). These data are generally correlated with information about air pollution in St. Petersburg. Nevertheless, the state of the environment is assessed by the chosen method more critically. This is due to the fact that the biomonitoring method studies pollution from the point of view of direct impact on the ecosystem, taking into account, among other things, the cumulative effect. The result makes us to conclude that it is more correct to use an integrated approach, combining both methods, to assess the stability of urban ecosystems and the quality of the environment in them. It is important to separate information about the quality of the atmosphere in green areas from general data on residential areas.

8

Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Mackerel and Red Hybrid Tilapia Collected From

Dabwan Ahmed H. A., Saluddin Ummu Asma’ Hafifah Bt. Mohmad, Isa Nursuhaili Bt. Mohd, Abdullah Abdul Hadi, Mohamed Amri Bin Hj., Ahmad Anuar Bin

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

|

2022

|

Vol. 32, no. 4

270--281

EN

The major goal of this study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues and bones of Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) taken from two distinct sites in Terengganu state, Malaysia, namely Kijal and Paka. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)were the metals examined. Soil analysis also was carried out for the same elements. The tissues and bones of the fishes were separated before further analysis was made. Drying process technique was used to determine the moisture content for all samples at 80°C for 24 hours. Water content ranged between 70 & 77%. Triplicate samples were evaluated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) to find out heavy metals concentration. Oven and Teflon beakers were used to fully digest all solid samples at 120oC for 3 hours. Highest readings of Zn, Ni and Pb were found in the fish bone for the samples collected from both mentioned locations. However, different pattern was noticed for Cu where higher values were found in the tissues for the same samples. Values of Pb in the tissues were higher than the acceptable value in edible fish by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); 1 ppm and Malaysian Food Act (MFR) & World Health Organization (WHO); 2 ppm, whereas values of Cu, Zn were in the acceptable range set by the same organizations. No values recommended for Ni by MFR. In general heavy metals in the bones and tissues from both locations can be sorted in descending order as follows; Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni. Soil samples collected from both locations showed different pattern where high concentration was found for Zn followed by Pb then Cu and Ni. Moreover analysis for soil samples collected from Paka River showed higher content for all elements compared to Kijal. More investigation is needed to clarify whether this contamination is solely from industry or due to geology of the area.

9

The biological monitoring as a source of information on environmental pollution with heavy metals

Wacławek Maria, Świsłowski Paweł, Rajfur Małgorzata

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

|

2022

|

R. 27, NR 1-2

53--78

EN

The influence of environmental pollution on living organisms has been known for a long time, but it was not until the second half of the twentieth century that methodical studies on the influence of anthropopressure on changes in ecosystems began. Living organisms began to be used as biological indicators of environmental pollution. Cyclical and quantitative studies of pollutant concentrations in bioaccumulators have become the basis of modern biological monitoring (biomonitoring) of environmental pollution. Biomonitoring studies are carried out with the passive method (passive biomonitoring), in which living organisms occurring in their natural environment are analysed, and with active methods (active biomonitoring), in which, for example, plants living in the environment with low pollution are transferred and displayed in more polluted ecosystems e.g. heavy metals. The analysis of trace elements, including heavy metals accumulated in algae, mosses and lichens used in biological monitoring provides a lot of information on, among others concentration and origin of pollutants and the directions of their spread. Biomonitoring is used to assess the level of contamination of selected ecosystems, as well as the impact of individual emitters on the environment. An important element in determining the concentrations of trace elements in biological material used in biomonitoring is the proper planning of the experiment, taking into account, among others: methods of collecting or exposing samples, selection of analytical methods and methods of evaluation and interpretation of results. The aim of the presented long-term research, conducted by the Research Team of the Institute of Biology of the University of Opole, was to show that analytical techniques using biota samples can provide reliable data on the past, present and future state of the environment. However, it should be remembered that in order for the results of biomonitoring studies to be reliable and comparable, the applied research methodologies should be consistent and repeatable. In the presented research, Palmaria palmata and Spirogyra sp. algae, Pleurozium schreberi mosses, Hypogymnia physodes and bark of deciduous trees were used. In samples of biological material by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry, the concentrations of heavy metals, including Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, were determined. On the basis of the conducted research, it was unequivocally stated that the biomonitoring methods are a good complement to the classic methods of environmental quality assessment. The analysis of the elements accumulated in the biological material provides us with information about the quality of the examined ecosystems, the introduced pollutants and their potential sources. This information allows for the introduction of effective measures to improve the quality of the environment.

10

Stress proteins concentration in caged Cyprinus carpio as a tool to monitor ecological stability in a model dam reservoir

Babczyńska Agnieszka, Tarnawska Monika, Łaszczyca Piotr, Migula Paweł, Łozowski Bartosz, Woźnica Andrzej, Irnazarow Ilgiz, Augustyniak Maria

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2021

|

Vol. 47, no. 1

101--111

EN

Variability of stress proteins concentration in caged carp exposed to transplantation experiment model dam reservoir was caused only by natural (climatic and biological) conditions. Thus, the reference data of stress proteins concentration range in young carp individuals were obtained. Metallothionein, HSP70 and HSP90 protein concentrations as biomarkers were assayed in the livers, gills and muscles of six-month-old (summer) or nine-month-old (autumn) carp individuals in relation to the site of encaging, season (summer or autumn), the term of sampling (1, 2 or 3 weeks after the transplantation) and tissue. Physicochemical analyses of the condition of water as well as pollution detection were conducted during each stage of the experiment. As the result of this study, the range of the variability of the stress protein concentration in young carp individuals was obtained. According to the analyses of the aquatic conditions of a reservoir with no detectable pollutants, we conclude that the variability in the stress protein concentration levels in the groups that were compared is solely the result of the natural conditions. Future regular monitoring of the reservoir using the transplantation method and young carp individuals will be both possible and reliable. Moreover, the range of variability in the stress protein concentrations that were measured in the young C. carpio individuals acquired from the model dam reservoir in relation to all of the studied factors may be applied in the monitoring of any other similar reservoir.

11

Phytocenological approach in biomonitoring of the state of aquatic ecosystems in Ukrainian Polesie

Fedonyuk Tetiana P., Fedoniuk Roman H., Zymaroieva Anastasiia A., Pazych Viktor M., Aristarkhova Ella O.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2020

|

no. 44

65--74

EN

The results of a research into the scale and consequences of the degradation of aquatic ecosystems in Ukrainian Polesie have been detected in article, and the areas of increased anthropogenic pressure have been identified which greatly affect the condition and number of aquatic macrophytes. The biodiversity of sites with different anthropogenic load was evaluated using the biodiversity criteria. In the research, the structural and functional features of macrophytic species diversity within Teteriv River ecological corridor as a typical river landscape of Ukrainian Polesie were determined and described, the floristic composition was determined. Within the ecological zones, the number of species and their projective coverage in areas with different anthropogenic pressures within Teteriv River ecological corridor were determined. The basic criteria for the implementation of deferred biomonitoring based on the analysis of the dynamics of the species composition of the phytocoenoses of Teteriv River ecological corridor on the indicators of ecological stability and plasticity using the species-specific criteria, are: Margalef species richness index, Sørensen–Dice index, Shannon diversity index, Simpson’s index, and Pielou’s evenness index. Based on the results, correlation dependencies have been constructed, which will allow to obtain data on the stability of the development of aquatic ecosystems according to the data of species surveys. Interconnections between biodiversity indicators and indicators of surface water quality within the Ukrainian Polesie were found; they are the fundamental component of a long-term monitoring of the stability in the development of aquatic phytocenoses.

12

The use of bark in biomonitoring heavy metal pollution of forest areas on the example of selected areas in Poland

Świsłowski Paweł, Kříž Jan, Rajfur Małgorzata

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2020

|

Vol. 27, nr 2

195--210

EN

In the year 2016, passive biomonitoring studies were conducted in the forest areas of southern and north-eastern Poland: the Karkonosze Mountains (Kark), the Beskidy Mountains (Beskid), Borecka Forest (P. Bor), Knyszynska Forest (P. Kny), and Białowieza Forest (P. Bia). This study used bark from the tree, Betula pendula Roth. Samples were collected in spring (Sp), summer (Su), and autumn (Au). Concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined for the samples using the atomic absorption spectrometry method with flame excitation (F-AAS). Based on the obtained results, the studied areas were ranked according to level of heavy-metal deposition: forests of southern Poland > forests of north-eastern Poland. Some seasonal changes in the concentrations of metals accumulated in bark were also indicated, which is directly related to their changing concentrations in the air during the calendar year, for instance, the winter heating season produces higher concentrations of heavy metals in the bark samples taken in spring. When deciding to do biomonitoring studies using bark, but also other biological materials, it is necessary to take into account the period in which the conducted research is done and the time when the samples are taken for analysis, because this will have a significant impact on the obtained results.

13

Trace metal concentrations in Pleurozium schreberi and Taraxacum officinale along the road No. 7

Korzeniowska Joanna, Ewa Panek

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2019

|

Vol. 26, nr 4

651--663

EN

The aim of this study is to test two plant species, the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale and moss Pleurozium schreberi, as bio monitors of trace metal pollution emitted by motor vehicles. The samples of the moss Pleurozium schreberi (green segments) and the common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (leaves) were collected within 12 transects along the state road No. E77 near Chyzne, Sothern Poland. The transects were located on the eastern and western side of the road (downwind and upwind towards prevailing winds), at the following distances from the road: 5, 50, 100, 300 500 and 600 m. Total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn in the plant material were determined. The studied species accumulated trace metals in the similar amounts. Statistically significant differences in metal concentrations between two plant species were observed only in the case of Cu and Pb. Copper concentrations were higher in the common dandelion, while the moss Pleurozium schreberi accumulated considerably higher amounts of Pb. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the trace metal concentrations in plants and the distance to the road. There are also statistically significant differences in concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the common dandelion between the samples collected from the opposite sides of the road: upwind/downwind towards the prevailing wind direction at the distance up to 300 meters. The concentrations are higher on the downwind side of the road.

14

Benthic diatoms as valuable indicators of anthropogenic eutrophication in biomonitoring of ribbon lake

Messyasz Beata, Treska Ewa

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2019

|

Vol. 26, nr 4

709--726

EN

In Europe the monitoring of lakes with regard to benthic diatoms is still conducted in line with the European Water Framework Directive. Ribbon lakes are a special case as extremely steep slopes of the lake basin cause their littoral zone to be narrow. The Durowskie ribbon lake was chosen as a model for the assessment of the ecological status of waters based on its Diatom Index. Given its use in recreation, it is under heavy anthropogenic pressure. Physicochemical and biological parameters were monitored in the peak of the vegetational season (July, August) between 2010 and 2018 at 12 varied littoral sites across the full length of the shoreline. This long-term analysis of the Diatom Index, despite showing an improvement in the quality of water, demonstrated the ecological state of Lake Durowskie to be weak (southern, deep part) to moderate (north, shallow part). The taxonomic structure of diatoms (referral and indicator taxa) in phytobenthos communities allowed to show the changes in physicochemical parameters of the environment such as pH, oxygen dissolved in water and its trophic status. Research results are shown in relation to the anthropogenic changes to the lake’s direct catchment area and the results of the physicochemical monitoring of waters.

15

Biomonitoring of atmosphereic aerosol with the use of Apis mellifera and Pleurozium schreberi

Konopka Zuzanna, Świsłowski Paweł, Rajfur Małgorzata

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

|

2019

|

R. 24, NR 1-2

107--116

EN

The aim of the carried out research was to assess atmospheric aerosol pollution levels in the area of three apiaries located in the Opole Province and to analyse heavy metals pollution in bee honey and western honey bees. Pleurozium schreberi moss was used in analysing atmospheric aerosol pollution with the active biomonitoring method, whereas heavy metals levels were determined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry method (F-AAS). Relative Accumulation Factors (RAF) were used in determining increases of analytes concentrations in the moss samples. As a result of the carried out study, the following conclusions have been reached: mosses are good bioindicators of environment pollution thanks to their sorption qualities, similarly to honey bees, which are a bioindicator of environment pollution. According to the Commission Regulation of European Union of 2015 regarding the maximum levels of lead in certain foods (honey), it should not exceed 0.1 mg/kg. On the basis of the carried out study it can be stated that the concentration of this analyte in the analysed honey was below the limit of quantification of the applied analytical method.

16

Kora brzozy brodawkowatej jako biomonitor zanieczyszczenia powietrza metalami ciężkimi

Rajfur M., Świsłowski P., Dębska L.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2018

|

Vol. 12, No. 1

237--246

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena możliwości wykorzystania kory brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth) w biomonitoringu terenów leśnych. Do badań wykorzystano korę drzew rosnących na obszarze Beskidów i Puszczy Boreckiej. W korze, metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej ze wzbudzeniem w płomieniu (F-AAS), oznaczono stężenia metali ciężkich: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd oraz Pb. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono sezonowe zmiany stężenia analitów. Wykazano również, że kora brzozy brodawkowatej może być wykorzystywana jako bioindykator do oceny zanieczyszczenia aerozolu atmosferycznego na tych obszarach np. metalami ciężkimi. Ważne jest jednak, aby dokonać walidacji poszczególnych etapów procedury analitycznej z wykorzystaniem kory drzewa oraz uwzględnić czas pobierania materiału do badań.

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using silver birch bark (Betula pendula Roth) in biomonitoring of forest areas. The research involved the use of tree bark growing in two areas - the Beskidy and the Borecka Forest. In the bark, by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry with flame excitation (F-AAS), concentrations of heavy metals: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined. On the basis of the conducted study, there were determined seasonal changes in the concentration of analytes. It was shown that the bark of a silver birch can be used as a bioindicator to assess atmospheric aerosol contamination in these areas, e.g. with heavy metals. It is important to validate the individual stages of the analytical procedure using the tree bark and take into account the time of collecting the material for testing.

17

Wczesny system ostrzegania. Biomonitoring jakości wody w ZWiK Łódź

Dominiak A.

Kierunek Wod-Kan

|

2018

|

Nr 4

46--49

PL

Bioindykacja pozwala na wykrycie sumarycznej toksyczności wszystkich szkodliwych substancji, co ma szczególne znaczenie w przypadku substancji, których toksyczność objawia się w działaniu synergistycznym. Jest to zatem metoda oceny ogólnej toksyczności kontrolowanego układu i stanowi doskonałe uzupełnienie wykonywanych okresowo analiz laboratoryjnych wody.

18

Ocena stanu zanieczyszczenia flory wodnej pozostałościami pestycydów na obszarach intensywnie użytkowanych rolniczo

Adamski A., Łozowicki J., Kaczyński P., Kalaji H. M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2018

|

Vol. 19, nr 3

45--51

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy było pilotażowe określenie stanu zanieczyszczenia pozostałościami środków ochrony roślin ekosystemów słodkowodnych na obszarach intensywnie użytkowanych rolniczo województwa podlaskiego. W badaniach analitycznych poszukiwano pozostałości 431 substancji czynnych (s.cz.) pestycydów. Oznaczenie jakościowe i ilościowe wykonano techniką chromatografii cieczowej sprzężonej z tandemową spektrometrią mas. W 85% ogółu badanych próbek stwierdzono obecność pozostałości pestycydów. Spośród 431 badanych substancji wykryto tylko 23 substancje czynne, z czego najliczniejszą grupę stanowiły herbicydy (11 s.cz.). Wyniki przeprowadzonych wskazują na występowanie znacznych stężeń pestycydów w rzęsie wodnej (Lemna L.), co potwierdza, iż roślina ta jest doskonałym bioindykatorem zanieczyszczeń ekosystemów słodkowodnych.

EN

The aim of this study was to pilot the determination of the contamination state with residues of plant protection products of freshwater ecosystems in the areas of Podlasie voivodship characterized by intensive agriculture. The analytical studies indicated residues of 431 active ingredients (a.i.) of pesticides. The qualitative and quantitative determination was performed using liquid chromatography technique coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The presence of residues was found in 85% of the samples tested . Out of the 431 substances tested, only 23 active substances were detected, with herbicides as the most numerous group (11 (a.i.). The results show that there are significant concentrations of pesticides in the water lance (Lemna L.), which confirms that this plant is an excellent bioindicator of freshwater ecosystems contamination.

19

Pine bark as indicator of selected anthropogenic pollutants

Chrzan Anna, Marko-Worłowska Maria

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

|

2018

|

Vol. 25, nr 2

153--165

EN

Environmental monitoring of potentially toxic trace elements is important to control their concentrations in the environment. The suitability of bark and topsoil for monitoring of these heavy metals and acidifying gases pollution was investigated. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni were determined in topsoil and in samples of necrotic bark of Pinus sylvestris L. collected along transects around the Skawina industry center and in parts of Bielansko-Tyniecki Landscape Park in Krakow. After comparing the concentration of heavy metals and pH value in pine bark with topsoil, it was observed that topsoil is better biomonitor for lead and nickel than bark of Pinus sylvestris and that bark appear to be suitable bioindicator of atmospheric deposition only for cadmium and acidifying components. The results obtained confirm the negative impact of aluminium work, power plant and transport on quality and number of environmental pollutants at the sites situated near these industries and road with intensive traffic. Therefore, the constant monitoring of these localities is necessary.

PL

Monitorowanie stężenia potencjalnie toksycznych pierwiastków śladowych w środowisku jest bardzo ważne. W tym celu zbadano przydatność kory sosny i wierzchniej warstwy gleby do monitorowania metali ciężkich i związków zakwaszających w środowisku. Stężenia Pb, Cd, Ni określano w glebie oraz w próbkach kory Pinus sylvestris L. zebranych wokół centrum przemysłowego Skawiny oraz na terenie Bielańsko-Tynieckiego Parku Krajobrazowego w Krakowie. Badania porównawcze wykazały, że gleba jest lepszym wskaźnikiem zanieczyszczenia ołowiem i niklem niż kora sosny, natomiast kora wydaje się być odpowiednim bioindykatorem tylko dla kadmu i związków zakwaszających. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają negatywny wpływ huty aluminium, elektrowni i transportu na jakość i wielkość zanieczyszczeń środowiska w miejscach położonych w pobliżu tych gałęzi przemysłu i drogach o intensywnym ruchu. Dlatego konieczne jest stałe monitorowanie tych miejsc.

20

Mosses as biomonitor of air pollution with analytes originating from tobacco smoke

Rajfur M., Świsłowski P., Nowainski F., Śmiechowicz B.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

|

2018

|

R. 23, NR 1-2

127--136

EN

The aim of the carried out research was the assessment of the possibility to use a popular bioindicator - Pleurozium schreberi mosses as a biosensor of the air pollution in living quarters with the analytes originating from tobacco smoke. The moss bag method of active biomonitoring, popular in environmental studies, was applied; the method is based on exposing mosses collected in clean areas in the locations polluted with, for example, heavy metals. However, this experiment involved exposing mosses in living quarters, in which approximately 10 cigarettes were smoked daily (first room - kitchen). For the purpose of comparison, moss samples were also placed in another room (bedroom), which was potentially not polluted. After three months of exposure, the following heavy metals were determined in mosses: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg, using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. Additionally, these analytes were also determined in hair samples from the persons smoking in the room and from other smokers; the determined metal concentrations were compared with the results of the studies carried out using hair samples collected from non-smokers. On the basis of carried out research it was confirmed that, among others, the mosses exposed in living quarters accumulate heavy metals, such as Ni, Zn, Pb and Hg, which originate from tobacco smoke. Higher heavy metal concentrations were determined in hair samples from smokers, compared to hair samples from non-smokers.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena możliwości wykorzystania popularnego bioindykatora mchów z gatunku Pleurozium schreberi jako bioczujnika zanieczyszczenia powietrza w pomieszczeniach mieszkalnych analitami pochodzącymi z dymu tytoniowego. Zastosowano popularną w badaniach środowiskowych metodę woreczkową biomonitoringu aktywnego (moss bag), polegającą na eksponowaniu mchów pobranych z terenów czystych na obszarach zanieczyszczonych np. metalami ciężkimi. Jednak w tym eksperymencie mchy eksponowano w lokalu mieszkalnym, w którym codziennie wypalanych było około 10 papierosów (pierwsze pomieszczenie - kuchnia). Dla porównania, próbki mchów były również umieszczone w drugim pomieszczeniu (w sypialni) - w pomieszczeniu potencjalnie niezanieczyszczonym. W mchach po trzymiesięcznej ekspozycji oznaczono metale ciężkie: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb i Hg metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej. Dodatkowo anality te również oznaczono w próbkach włosów osoby palącej w tym pomieszczeniu oraz innych osób palących, a stężenia metali w nich oznaczone porównano z wynikami badań przeprowadzonych z wykorzystaniem próbek włosów pobranych od osób niepalących. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono m.in., że mchy eksponowane w pomieszczeniach mieszkalnych akumulują metale ciężkie, m.in. Ni, Zn, Pb i Hg, pochodzące z dymu tytoniowego. Oznaczono większe stężenia metali ciężkich w próbkach włosów palaczy w porównaniu do próbek włosów pobranych od osób niepalących.