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BMD ecofuel for diesel engines

Struś M., Sitnik L., Piętak A.

Journal of KONES

2012

Vol. 19, No. 4

589-599

The World is strongly dependent on crude oil for its transport needs. In order to diminish this dependence, we need to introduce clean, CO2-efficient, secure and affordable transportation fuels. The current production of liquid biofuels in the EU25 is less than 1% of the market. Recent assessments have concluded that the 2010 targets, 18 Mtoe used in the transport sector, are unlikely to be achieved. There can be three basic possibilities of accomplishing this target: i) use of alcohols (first of all ethanol) and their mixing with petrol; ii) use of fatty acids esters (methyl or ethyl) of vegetable oils and their mixing with diesel fuel, iii) use of synthetic hydrocarbons of the synthetic gas coming from biomass resources and eventually their mixing with other "classical" hydrocarbons. This paper presents a novel way of utilizing alcohols as fuels for a diesel engine. It is proposed to use heavy alcohols as a mix with vegetable oils and conventional diesel fuel. It is presented the way to use alcohols. Namely, the use of heavy alcohols as a solvent for vegetable oil (named the biomix or BM) and after the obtainment of the thickness, which would be approximate to diesel fuel, mixing the biomix with diesel fuel to obtained biomixdiesel (BMD). This solution will be shown for example with butanol as heavy alcohol, rape oil as vegetable oil and conventional diesel fuel. The investigations are carried out with a simple diesel engine on the engine test bed. Main parameters of engine (power output, torque, specifically fuel consumption) and the main exhaust gas component (in this case CO, NOx, PM) will be investigated. There were better results achieved than one expected. Opposed to existing experiences, the maximum of power output and the torque of engine are higher in the whole range of the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft when the engine biomixdiesel (BMD) is reinforced. The addition of the component biomix to fuel influences the specific fuel consumption. Generally, with the larger part of the component biomix the specific fuel consumption grows. Because the power of engine also grows up one should expect that in exploitation the specific fuel consumption should not increase. Very important is that this fuel could be used to reinforce old, existing now and the future diesel engines. The production of butanol is known (from biomass and in other way with electrolysis of ethanol). The possibility to get butanol from ethanol gives a very good perspective for the use of ethanol from today's overproduction and moreover without the essential change of infrastructure. All this leads to the conclusion that fulfilling of the expected requirements of European Union regarding the ecofuels is fully possible.

Assessment of physicochemical properties ternary biofuels to power diesel engines

Czarnocka J., Malinowski A., Sitnik L.

Archiwum Motoryzacji

2011

Nr 4

37-42

The paper regards the use of bio-blends consisting of vegetable oil and a higher alcohol as a new component of diesel fuel. The use of rapeseed oil as one of the components eliminates the need energy-intensive conversion rapeseed oil to esters. The use of higher alcohol, such as butanol second generation, obtained directly from biomass will be in accordance with requirements of the European Union on the promotion of renewable energy resources. Experiments with bio-blends were carried out with selected commercial fuel diesel, rapeseed oil, and two alcohols: iso-amyl alcohol and n-butyl alcohol. There was prepared two bio- fuel blends containing 20% by volume bio-blends (BM) and 80% by volume of diesel fuel (D). Comparison of physico-chemical properties of experimental mixtures were done. This article presents the qualitative characteristics of the new fuel composition and evaluate their compliance with the normative requirements. The summary highlights the need to continue research to improve fuel formulations, particularly in the selection of fuel additives.

W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z zastosowaniem biomieszaniny składającej się z oleju roślinnego i wybranego wyższego alkoholu jako nowego składnika oleju napędowego. Wykorzystanie surowego oleju rzepakowego jako jednego ze składników paliwa eliminuje konieczność energochłonnego przekształcania oleju do estrów. Wykorzystanie wyższego alkoholu, np. butanolu drugiej generacji, otrzymywanego bezpośrednio z biomasy przyczyni się do spełnienia wymagań Unii Europejskiej w sprawie promowania odnawialnych źródeł energii. Do badań nad przetestowaniem nowej formuły paliwa wybrano handlowy olej napędowy, olej rzepakowy oraz dwa alkohole: alkohol izo-amylowy i alkohol n-butylowy. Przygotowano dwie mieszanki eksperymentalnego paliwa zawierającego 20% objętościowych biomieszaniny (BM) i 80% objętościowych oleju napędowego (D). Porównano właściwości fizyko-chemiczne otrzymanych mieszanek eksperymentalnych. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę jakościową nowych kompozycji paliwa i oceniono ich zgodność z wymaganiami normatywnymi. W podsumowaniu zwrócono uwagę na konieczność kontynuowania badań nad udoskonaleniem receptury paliwa, szczególnie w zakresie doboru odpowiednich dodatków uszlachetniających.