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Bacterial and Fungal-Mineral Interactions and Their Application in Bioremediation – A Review

Muksy Renjbar, Kolo Kamal, Abdullah Shorish Mustafa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 5

1--13

Geomicrobiology is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies the role of microorganisms during the geological process from the inception of the earth and their perspective on the future of the earth. Scientists focused on microbe mineral interactions in various processes such as bioweathering, transformation, and the formation of biominerals to better understand the role of microbes in geological processes. Those processes are part of the geochemical cycles of elements, some of which are essential nutrients for life and others are toxic to life. Microorganisms, especially fungi and bacteria, as well as their exudates, are the major agents of geomicrobiology due to their important geological activities, which have a role in the bioweathering of rocks and minerals. Mobilization and immobilization of metals as well as the formation of new biominerals occur because of these activities and their fast growth. They are well known to be used in different strategies of bioremediation and they are genetically engineered to become more specific in removing and dissolving pollutants in the environment. The goal of the review was to outline the role of bacteria and fungi in bioremediation as well as in important geological processes, such as mineral alteration, bioweathering and biomineralization.

Morphological diversity of microstructures occurring in selected recent bivalve shells and their ecological implications

Brom K. R., Szopa K.

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

2016

Vol. 5, iss. 2

104--112

Environmental adaptation of molluscs during evolution has led to form biomineral exoskeleton – shell. The main compound of their shells is calcium carbonate, which is represented by calcite and/or aragonite. The mineral part, together with the biopolymer matrix, forms many types of microstructures, which are differ in texture. Different types of internal shell microstructures are characteristic for some bivalve groups. Studied bivalve species (freshwater species – duck mussel (Anodonta anatina Linnaeus, 1758) and marine species – common cockle (Cerastoderma edule Linnaeus, 1758), lyrate Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix lyrata Sowerby II, 1851) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758)) from different locations and environmental conditions, show that the internal shell microstructure with the shell morphology and thickness have critical impact to the ability to survive in changing environment and also to the probability of surviving predator attack. Moreover, more detailed studies on molluscan structures might be responsible for create mechanically resistant nanomaterials.