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Biofotonika klasyczna i kwantowa. Cz. 3, Techniki laboratoryjne, spektroskopia i obrazowanie

Romaniuk Ryszard

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2023

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Vol. 64, Nr 5

8--20

PL

Cykl artykułów na temat Biofotoniki porusza kolejno takie zagadnienia jak: - podstawowa terminologia biofotoniczna używana w publikacjach naukowych biomedycznych i technicznych, - zjawiska i procesy biofotoniczne, - materiały, substancje i obiekty biofotoniczne, - biofotoniczna aparatura pomiarowa, metody badawcze i procedury laboratoryjne, - zasady bioobrazowania i koherencyjna tomografia optyczna, - biofotoniczne technologie kwantowe, - techniki biospektroskopowe, - biomikroskopia fluorescencyjna, fotoakustyczna i nadrozdzielcza, - optogenetyka, - terapia fotodynamiczna i techniki teranostyczne, - energetyka biofotoniczna Głównym przedmiotem niniejszej części są wybrane techniki laboratoryjne oraz przegląd różnych funkcjonalnych i najbardziej efektywnych odmian specjalizowanych technik biospektroskopowych Każda z części cyklu zawiera na końcu rozdział przedstawiający kilka przykładów bieżących prac badawczych w obszarze biofotoniki lub nowych zastosowanych metod przedklinicznych i/lub klinicznych Cykl artykułów jest streszczeniem wykładu na temat biofotoniki kwantowej prowadzonego przez autora na WEiTI PW dla doktorantów Wykład dotyczy szczególnie nurtu kwantowego w biofotonice.

EN

The series of articles on Biophotonics addresses such issues as: - basic biophotonic terminology used in scientific, biomedical and technical publications, - biophotonic phenomena and processes, - biophotonic materials, substances and objects, - biophotonic measuring equipment, research methods and laboratory procedures, - principles of bioimaging and optical coherence tomography, - biophotonic quantum technologies, - biospectroscopic techniques, - fluorescence, photoacoustic and superresolution biomicroscopy, - optogenetics, - photodynamic therapy and theranostics, - biophotonic energetics The main subject of this part are selected laboratory techniques and an overview of various functional and effective varieties of specialized biospectroscopic techniques Each part of the cycle includes a chapter at the end presenting some examples of current research in the field of biophotonics or new applied pre-clinical and/or clinical methods The series of articles is a summary of the lecture on quantum biophotonics conducted by the author at the WEiTI PW for PhD students’ The lecture emphasises the quantum topical track in biophotonics.

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Design and development of an intelligent biomechatronic tumor prosthesis

Kocaoglu Sitki, Akdogan Erhan

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 39, no. 2

561--570

EN

Nowadays, bone cancer patients using expandable prostheses (EPs) have to go to the clinic frequently to determine the limb length and to perform the extension if necessary, as long as their age-based growth lasts. This situation brings along problems such as increased physician workload, the patient's exposure to radiation at each measurement, a larger rate of extension due to the long interval period between each extension and thus reducing patient comfort as well as making the daily life of the patient difficult. In this study, a biomechatronic tumor prosthesis which is able to determine the need for extension by means of its hardware and intelligent control structure was developed to eliminate the aforementioned problems. Mechanical analysis of the designed prosthesis has been performed in the simulation environment, the prototype of the prosthesis has been produced, wireless communication and control system have been created and the performance of the system has been tested on the experimental setup. Limb length discrepancies (LLDs) of 1 mm and above between the healthy limb and the limb with a prosthesis were able to be detected by the system, and prosthesis extension procedure was successfully performed against the maximum soft tissue resistance to be possibly encountered.

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Modelling of the human knee joint supported by active orthosis

Musalimov V., Monahov Y., Tamre M., Robak D., Sivitski A., Aryassov G., Penkov I.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 23, no. 1

107--120

EN

The article discusses motion of a healthy knee joint in the sagittal plane and motion of an injured knee joint supported by an active orthosis. A kinematic scheme of a mechanism for the simulation of a knee joint motion is developed and motion of healthy and injured knee joints are modelled in Matlab. Angles between links, which simulate the femur and tibia are controlled by Simulink block of Model predictive control (MPC). The results of simulation have been compared with several samples of real motion of the human knee joint obtained from motion capture systems. On the basis of these analyses and also of the analysis of the forces in human lower limbs created at motion, an active smart orthosis is developed. The orthosis design was optimized to achieve an energy saving system with sufficient anatomy, necessary reliability, easy exploitation and low cost. With the orthosis it is possible to unload the knee joint, and also partially or fully compensate muscle forces required for the bending of the lower limb.

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Projekt egzoszkieletu stawu łokciowego do badań nad sterowaniem

Stranz J.

Medical Robotics Reports

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2015

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vol. 4

18--23

EN

A powered orthosis of an elbow joint was developed. The orthosis, or exoskeleton, can augment movements of human upper limb, working in paralell to its muscles. This technology is being intensively developed in recent years, giving hope to stroke patients, elders, and manual workers. The comparision of available drive units was performed. Special atiention was paid to optimisation with regard to criteria of low mass, dimensions, and device’s cost. The frame was shaped from aluminum profi les. A brushed DC motor has been used for a drive unit, connected to a planetary gear, custom bevel gear, and toothed belt gear. Greater wheel of the belt gear is fixed to a forearm part of the orthosis. The device features: EMG for biceps ant triceps, encoder, strain gauge system, and current sensor, to allow for future research on controlling algorithms. Obtained preliminary results show possibility of eff ective and precise augmentation of human muscles.

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Theoretical and practical aspects of mechatronics

Janíček P., Březina T., Florian Z., Axman P.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2005

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Vol. 46, nr 8

40-44

EN

The contribution in the entrance deals with matters which in last two decades lead to emerging of the new application/scientific fields - mechatronics - and biomechatronics - and also lead to supra-disciplinary approach towards making of technical objects, called mechatronic approach. Furthermore we define terms mechatronics, biomechanics and biomechatronics, together with definition and structure of biomechatronic products. Application section of the contribution presents designs of biomechatronic products made in Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics (ISMMB) and Centre of Mechatronics at FME Brno University of Technology. Particularly it is electronically controlled torque screwdriver, experimental device for spine elements testing and experimental device for testing of abrasion of polyethylene coating of total endoprosthesis of human major joints.

PL

Wstępna część artykułu jest poświęcona zagadnieniom, które w ostatnich dwu dekadach doprowadziły do powstania nowych dziedzin w obrębie nauki i zastosowań: mechatroniki i biomechatroniki, a także nowego interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do projektowania i wytwarzania obiektów technicznych, nazywanego podejściem mechatronicznym. Idąc dalej, zdefiniowano pojęcia: mechatroniki, biomechaniki i biomechatroniki, a także określono strukturę produktów biomechatronicznych. Część poświęcona zastosowaniom przedstawia projekty wyrobów biomechatronicznych opracowane na Politechnice w Brnie, w Instytucie Mechaniki Ciała Stałego, Mechatroniki i Biomechaniki (ISMMB) oraz w Centrum Mechatroniki. Są to: sterowany elektronicznie wkrętak momentowy, urządzenie do badania elementów kręgosłupa oraz urządzenie do badania zużycia powłok polietylenowych stosowanych w endoprotezach ludzkich stawów.