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Analiza możliwości wykorzystania wybranych składników biomasy w kontekście ich własności energetycznych

Pietras E.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

2017

T. 20, nr 1

59--70

In the 19th century wood was a primary source of energy. However with time it was replaced with mine fuel. Nowadays it is used among others in the furniture, construction or chemical industry. For the energy production wood is being used from orchards, urban greenery and recycling. The biomass is accounted for centuries as the primary source of energy for humans. The biomass is energy estimated in comparison to the traditional principles of solid and liquid fuels. The paper is focused on basic energetic properties of straw, leaves, energetic willow and thuj. The mine energy resources are limited and are undergoing to finish. It is unusually essential in the face of forecasting that the peak of the oil production will be reached in 2015-2020 years. World reserves of petroleum, with current exploitation trends, should be enough for about 40 years, of gas for 60 years, whereas of coal for 200 years. Getting the energy from renewable sources is a main element of the politics of saving reserves of fossil fuels: of wind, water, sun and biomass.

W XIX w. używano drewna jako jednego z podstawowych źródeł energii. Jednak z czasem zastąpiono go paliwem kopalnym. Obecnie używa się drewna w przemyśle meblarskim, chemicznym, w budownictwie. Do produkcji energii wykorzystuje się drewno z sadów, zieleni miejskiej, recyklingu. Artykuł zwraca uwagę na podstawowe źródło energii odnawialnej, jakim jest biomasa. Skoncentrowano się na możliwościach wykorzystania biomasy, jak również na podstawowych właściwościach energetycznych słomy, liści, trzciny, wierzby energetycznej oraz tui.

Mathematical modelling of wooden biomass torrefaction

Stepień P., Białowiec A.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

2017

vol. 60, nr 200

51--65

Torrefaction is used for initial biomass valorisation prior to energetic utilization. The produced biocarbon is characterized by high energy density, and high calorific value. Moreover, it contains less moisture, and has hydrophobic character. Due to that, this technology is being found perspective, but the relation between process parameters, and biomass, and biocarbon properties should be still optimized. The presented work shows the mathematical modelling of torrefaction of the wooden biomass particle. The dependence between technological parameters (process temperature, and retention time), and biomass properties (density, calorific value of the biomass), and calorific value of biocarbon has been examined. The parameters of IInd degree polynomial functions, allowing the estimation of the required retention time or required process temperature to achieve desired calorific value of biocarbon have been determined. The modelling showed, that the process temperature and retention time are the most significant factors influencing the torrefaction efficiency. Also, the calorific value of biocarbon may be an important parameter, but biomass properties are not significant, with recommendation to neglect the biomass density.