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Wykorzystanie paliw z odpadów, biomasy oraz osadów ściekowych w ciepłownictwie

Jaworski Tomasz, Wajda Agata

Nowa Energia

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2022

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nr 4

42--51

PL

W ciągu najbliższych kilku lat przemysł ciepłowniczy ma stopniowo odejść od węgla kamiennego na rzecz alternatywnych źródeł energii. Powodem transformacji energetycznej jest w głównym stopniu rosnąca cena węgla kamiennego oraz polityka klimatyczna Unii Europejskiej i powiązany z nią system handlu uprawnieniami do emisji dwutlenku węgla (EU ETS). Polskie ciepłownie muszą dokonywać zakupu uprawnień do emisji CO2 po coraz wyższych cenach, co wiąże się z dużymi obciążeniami finansowymi dla tych zakładów.

2

Wykorzystanie paliw biomasowych w ogrzewnictwie indywidualnym na obszarach zagrożonych niską emisją

Mirowski T., Orzechowska M.

Polityka Energetyczna

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2015

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T. 18, z. 4

75--88

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące wykorzystania paliw biomasowych w ogrzewnictwie indywidualnym na obszarach zagrożonych niską emisją. W Polsce zauważalny jest dynamiczny rozwój zastosowania w bilansie energetycznym energii pochodzącej ze źródeł odnawialnych. Efekt ten związany jest z przyjęciem proekologicznych aktów prawnych w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Niestety nie przekłada się to na widoczną poprawę jakości powietrza na obszarach zagrożonych niską emisją. Autorzy zaprezentowali w artykule uproszczony model wytwarzania i zaopatrywania mieszkańców wybranej gminy powiatu krakowskiego w paliwo pochodzenia biomasowego do celów grzewczych i przygotowania ciepłej wody użytkowej. Koncepcja modelu oparta jest na realizowanym polsko-norweskim projekcie pt. From Field to Energy. Autorzy wskazują na zalety lokalnej produkcji paliwa z biomasy na cele grzewcze. Uzyskany efekt środowiskowy jest możliwy poprzez konwersję stosowanych technologii i technik spalania w indywidualnych kotłowniach. Jest to szczególnie istotne na terenach, gdzie odnotowuje się przekroczenia emisji pyłów PM 10 i PM 2,5. Wskazano także wzrost zatrudnienia i rozwój lokalnej infrastruktury w wyniku realizacji projektu.

EN

The article presents the issues concerning the use of biomass fuels in heating individual areas threatened by low emissions. It is noted that in Poland there has occurred a dynamic development in energy use of renewable sources. This effect is related to the adoption of pro-environmental legislation in the members of the European Union. Unfortunately, there is no visible impact on air quality improvement in areas threatened by low emissions. In the article, the authors present a simplified model of production and supply on residents of selected municipalities in Krakow on fossil fuel biomass for heating and hot water. The concept of the model is based on the realized Polish-Norwegian project „From Field to Energy”. The authors indicate the advantages of local production of biomass fuel for heating purposes. The resulting environmental effect is possible by converting technologies and techniques used in individual boiler combustion. This is particularly important in areas where there were recorded excesses of emissions of the particulate matter PM 10 and PM 2.5. It also notes growth in employment and development of local infrastructure created by the project.

3

Combustion of fuel blends derived from lignocellulosic materials and peat in a small power combustion chamber

Cichy W. J.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2014

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No. 87

40--44

EN

The paper presents the results of research on obtaining fuels derived from plant biomass that will be able to replace traditional fossil fuels. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of co-firing different types of woody biomass with peat in a small power combustion chamber. Sawdust from conifers, wood chips from willow, postconsumer wood ("old furniture"), peat and fuels derived from woody materials mixed with peat in a 1:1 ratio were tested. It has been found that the combustion of fuel blends involving different types of woody biomass and peat resulted in a reduction of adverse effects observed during the combustion of pure peat (low amount of carbon-monoxide in the exhaust gases). In the case of solid biofuels from chemically treated biomass (old furniture), the share of peat in the fuel blends caused a decrease in the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases in comparison to fuels containing 100% "old furniture".

4

Modeling of Fossil Fuels Formation Processes Using Object-Oriented Methodology and Techniques

Gaska K., Pikoń K.

Archivum Combustionis

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2010

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Vol. 30 nr 4

507-537

EN

The realization of technological processes with the utilization of formed biomass fuels in associated thermal systems should be qualified by technical criteria, which means that elementary processes as well as factors of sustainable development, from a global viewpoint, must not be disturbed. The utilization of post-process waste should be preceded by detailed technical, ecological and economic analysis. The objective function defined in the optimization task assists in the decision process i.e. choosing a suitable solution. In order to optimize the mixing process of fuel components, a mathematical model of the forming process was created. The paper presents the optimization of parameters in the process of forming fuels using a modified simplex algorithm with a polynomial worktime. The calculation procedures outlined above are embodied in a numerical model programmed in the Pascal (Borland Delphi 5.0) high-level object-oriented language.

5

Heat flux sensor sensitivity in the deposition probe

Dyjakon A., Cieplik M., van de Kamp W.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

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2008

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Vol. 13, spec. iss. 1/2

35--42

EN

The variety of biomass fuels and their constantly increasing content in the coal/biomass co-combustion requires further and more sophisticated on-line diagnostic methods, which can help in the fuels properties characterization and selection in terms of slagging and fouling problems of the heat exchange surfaces in the boiler. One of the possibilities is the application of a deposition probe equipped with special thermo resistance sensors. However, the application of the deposition probe in such wide range of the operation requires in thorough calibration, since many physical parameters can influence the sensor sensitivity and, as a result, the quantitative and qualitative measurements. In this paper, the influence of the deposition probe temperature, the cooling medium temperature and mass flow on the sensor sensitivity is described. Details are given of the calibration process, as well as on the purpose-built test facility.