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Wpływ temperatury na bilans węgla, wodoru oraz azotu w produktach pirolizy odpadowych zrębek brzozowych

Kazimierski P., Kardaś D.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

2016

Nr 3

97--99

Przeprowadzono badania pirolizy zrębków brzozowych v reaktorze laboratoryjnym w 300, 400 oraz 500°C. Badania w reaktorze poprzedzono testami termograwimetrycznymi. produkty pirolizy podzielono na pięć części: karbonizat, woda, gaz, smoły lekkie i smoły ciężkie. Określono udziały masowe każdej frakcji w zależności od temperatury. Oznaczono zawartości węgla, wodom oraz tlenu za pomocą analizatora elementarnego. Ilościowy skład frakcji niskowrzącej oznaczono chromatograficznie za pomocą GC-MS, a frakcji gazowej za pomocą GC-TCD.

Experiments on birch wood pyrolysis in a laboratory-scale batch reactor at temperatures 300, 400 and 500°C were performed. The investigations were preceded by thermogravimetric tests. Pyrolysis products were separated into five fractions: gases, tar, water, char and low-boiling liquid fraction. The mass concentrations of each fraction as a function of temperature were found. The content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were determined using an elementary analyser. The quantitative composition of low-boiling fraction was determined using GC-MS, while the gas fraction - using GC-TCD.

Technika dezintegracji ultradźwiękowej w technologii ścieków i osadów ściekowych

Wolny L., Kamizela T.

Ekologia i Technika

2003

R. 11, nr 1

3-7

With the higher standards of wastewater treatment and sewage sludge utilization the higher requirements for effectiveness of employed processes are also set. Further more, the quantity and the characteristics of sewage sludge and particularly the presence of questionable sludge (i.e. floating, bulking activated sludge, municipal-industrial mixed sludge) cause significant problems connected with costs and conditions of utilization. In the paper the possibility of ultrasounds application in environmental engineering is presented. The ultrasonic disintegration technique can be described as an agent facilitating sewage sludge sedimentation, thickening, stabilization and dewatering. However, the direct application of ultrasounds depends on physical parameters of ultrasonic waves. The increase in effectiveness of the different stages of sewage treatment with ultrasonic field application requires laboratory analysis. With the reference to the available knowledge and research experience, the ultrasonic technique was feasible to employ. According to the literature cited in the paper, the application of ultrasounds in environmental engineering is implemented in sewage sludge treatment and utilization. The equipment and parameters for application of ultrasounds are already known in order to design equipment for industrial purposes and carry out pilot tests.