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Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of the Oum Er Rbia Estuary (North Atlantic Moroccan Coast) – Impact of Urban Wastewater

Bengriche Rachida, Bouchafra El Mostafa, Chaouite Jamila, Nafia Mohammed, Moncef Mohammed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 1

1--16

This study aimed to monitor abiotic factors at three stations in the Oum Er Rbia estuary, not far from the mouth. The stations were situated upstream (S1), in front (S2) and downstream (S3) from the discharge of urban wastewater from the town of Azemmour, which is discharged directly without treatment near the estuary mouth. The selection of these stations appeared appropriate to assessing the quality of the waters, which are influenced by both marine hydrodynamics resulting from very low freshwater inflows and sewage discharges. Monitoring of several parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, as well as the content of chlorophyll α and pheopigments, enabled the examination of the impact of marine hydrodynamics and the and the specific characteristics of the three surveyed stations. The analyses were performed using R software version 4.2.0. The results obtained indicate that the studied physico-chemical and biological parameters exhibited variations with significant correlations. Statistical approaches allowed the determination of profiles for stations S1, S2 and S3. It is evident that S1 (located slightly far from the discharge) showed a profile that tended to differ from the other two stations, S2 and S3, especially for certain parameters (temperature, pH, turbidity, and chlorophyll a). On the other hand, all stations were impacted to some extent by the discharge of wastewater during rising tides. The present study can serve as an assessment tool to support decision-making regarding the physico-chemical quality of the waters of the Oum Er Rbia estuary.

Faecal contamination of water in the Lake Mellah and its catchment area, north-eastern Algeria

Kherifi Wahida, Hecini Lynda, Bekiri Fedia, Kherici-Bousnoubra Houria

Journal of Water and Land Development

2019

no. 42

110--116

Lake Mellah close to the Mediterranean Sea in north-eastern Algeria belongs to valuable ornithological sites with numerous, often migratory, birds. To achieve the research goal, seventeen (17) sampling points were sampled based on the urbanization of the watershed. Water samples were taken at different wadis levels (upstream and downstream of settlements), as well as at the wastewater treatment plant and in Lake Mellah based on four measurement campaigns conducted at one frequency seasonal (high water, low water) during the year (2011/2012). Biological parameters (coliform faecal bacteria, streptococci) were analysed in water of the lake and its affluents in the laboratory of the Department of Health and Population, El Taref by the most probable number (MPN) technique of the Mac Grady table taken from various points. Obtained results were processed by the use of Bourgeois ratio (coliform faecal bacteria: streptococci) to indicate the origin of faecal contamination of waters and to establish maps of the spatio-temporal evolution of this ratio by the software Surfer 9. This way we obtained information of contamination of human origin during the dry season coming from domestic waste waters. In winter the ratio showed animal prevalence of contamination coming primarily from Animal Park in El Kala.

Jezioro Mellah, położone blisko Morza Śródziemnego, w północnowschodniej Algierii, zalicza się do cennych siedlisk ornitologicznych ze względu na liczne, często migrujące, ptaki. Aby osiągnąć cel badań, pobierano próbki z siedemnastu punktów usytuowanych na terenach zurbanizowanych na obszarze zlewni. Próbki wody pobierano z różnych odcinków cieków (górne i dolne), jak też przy oczyszczalni ścieków i z jeziora Mellah w trakcie czterech sesji pomiarowych. W próbkach wody z różnych stanowisk w jeziorze i jego dopływach w laboratorium Katedry Zdrowia i Ludności, w El Taref analizowano parametry biologiczne (bakterie grupy coli i streptokoki) poprzez określenie najbardziej prawdopodobnej liczby (NPL) drobnoustrojów z wykorzystaniem tabel McGrady’ego. Przetwarzano uzyskane wyniki celem ustalenia źródła zanieczyszczeń kałowych w wodach i określenia przestrzennej i czasowej zmienności tego stosunku. Wykorzystano do tego stosunek Bourgeois. W ten sposób uzyskano informacje o zanieczyszczeniach pochodzących w porze suchej ze ścieków bytowych. Zimą zanieczyszczenia pochodziły głównie od zwierząt z parku w El Kala.