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1

Parasites of the invasive Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii (Actinopterygii: Odontobutidae) in the region of the first introduction of the Carpathian population

Kvach Yuriy, Kutsokon Yuliya, Janáč Michal, Dykyy Ihor, Dzyziuk Natalia, Dudliv Ivanna, Nazaruk Kateryna

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 1

1--9

EN

Parasites of the invasive Chinese sleeper (Perccottus glenii) were studied in five different localities at the site of the first introduction of the Carpathian population of this fish. We recorded eight taxa of parasites in Lviv water bodies. The monogenean Gyrodactylus perccotti and the cestode Nippoteania perccotti were recorded in all five lakes studied. These parasites represent Far East species introduced together with their host. Also the copepod Neoergasilus japonicus is a Far East parasite introduced to Europe with its aquaculture vector. Differences between the surveyed bodies of water were mainly related to their local seasonal conditions and watershed characteristics. The current data confirm the presence of co-introduced populations of G. perccotti and N. perccotti, which probably affects the future invasiveness of their host. Due to low acquisition of local parasites, we cannot confirm any significant effect of invasive fish on local parasite assemblages in this region. However, the presence of the non-indigenous copepod, N. japonicus, requires additional attention in the future.

2

First data on the genetic structure of Trachemys scripta populations in Sicily (Testudines: Emydidae)

Vecchioni Luca, Marrone Federico, Arculeo Marco, Vamberger Melita

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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Special Issue

139--145

EN

The pond slider Trachemys scripta is one of the most widespread alien turtle species in the world. Its unregulated trade and the consequent uncontrolled releases into the wild led to negative impacts on the native turtles of the invaded areas. In Italy, alien pond sliders are widely spread, and the occurrence of hatchlings and well-established populations is known in some areas. However, to date in Sicily, only a single female of Trachemys scripta laying eggs was reported. Besides that, nothing is known about the actual reproduction success and establishment of self-sustaining T. scripta populations in Sicily. Therefore, based on 14 previously characterised highly polymorphic microsatellite loci, we aimed to unravel if the alien turtles successfully reproduce in Sicily, in both natural and semi-natural areas (i.e., lake “Biviere di Gela” and “Parco d’Orléans”, respectively). Our results show a clear structuring of the two studied populations. Several full-sibling relationships between the sampled turtles were found, suggesting actual reproduction in the wild of the pond sliders in Sicily. However, further sampling is desirable since no parent-offspring relationships were observed in the studied populations. Due to our results, systematic monitoring of alien pond sliders in the whole of Sicily is crucial for better planning of mitigation strategies in order to protect the native biota of Sicilian inland waters.

3

A review of occurrence, distribution and alien status of Notodiaphana atlantica Ortea, Moro and Espinosa, 2013 and Liloa mongii (Audouin, 1826) (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) in the Mediterranean Sea

Romani Luigi, Tringali Lionello P, Crocetta Fabio

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 3

259--268

EN

Notodiaphana atlantica and Liloa mongii are two cephalaspidean species described respectively from the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea, and considered widespread in their native ranges. Both species have also been recently recorded from the Mediterranean Sea, prompting some authors to consider them alien. Notwithstanding clear morphological differences in their shells, the two species have often been confused or misidentified in the literature, or specimens have been described with incorrect locality data. We hereby review the occurrence, distribution and status of both species in the Mediterranean Sea based on published data and examination of new material. Notodiaphana atlantica is considered a cryptogenic species with a range spanning from the western to eastern part of the basin. The presence of L. mongii in the Mediterranean is questioned until specimens that can be reliably assigned to this taxon or to any congeneric species are found in the area. Alien species inventories play an important role in regional policy and management decisions, thus requiring a high degree of confidence in the validity of species identification and their non-indigenous status. The present paper adds further evidence of the excess of “bibliographically introduced” alien records and reiterates the need for periodic re-evaluation of published data.

4

Factors Affecting Alien and Native Plant Species Richness in Temperate Nature Reserves of Northern China

Zhang X., Wang H., Wang S., Wang R., Wang Y., Liu J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

320--333

EN

Understanding the factors affecting the species richness of alien and native plant is a key issue for predicting the spread of alien species and protecting rare and endangered native species in nature reserves. To investigate the factors affecting alien and native species richness in temperate nature reserves of China, we used a database of 25 nature reserves in Shandong Province of northern China, and studied the relationship of alien and native plant species richness with climatic and anthropogenic factors, as well as area and elevation range. We found that most of the nature reserves in Shandong Province have been invaded by alien plant species. The distribution of alien and native species responds to the same climatic factors, and temperature and precipitation exert strong effects on both groups. Alien and native plant species richness are positively correlated. Human activity is more effective for explaining richness of alien than for native species. Simultaneously, human activity has stronger effects on alien herbaceous than on alien woody plants. Our results suggest that native species richness is mainly explained by climatic factors, whereas alien species richness is mainly explained by climatic factors and human activity together.

5

Invasion of alien Solidago taxa into urban habitats: A study of selected towns in southern Poland

Chmura D., Dyba P., Kraj P., Peplińska N., Pilorz A., Roman M.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2015

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R. 20, NR 1-2

97--104

EN

In Poland there are three invasive species of the genus Solidago native to North America. In the years 2010-2015 field survey in five tows in Oswiecim Basin and its vicinity was performed which aimed to examine frequency, habitat preferences and basic parameters of populations of these species. Amongst invasive goldenrods S. canadensis (79 localities) and S. gigantea (74) prevailed in the study area and are much more frequent than S. graminifolia (8). Populations of goldenrods were not very abundant and did not occupy large area, however, there were populations exceeding 500 m2 and that had more than 500 ramets except for S. graminifolia which occur at low densities. The Canadian goldenrod S. canadensis tended to occur more frequently in ruderal and segetal habitats than S. gigantea whereas S. graminifolia was encountered only at fallows. Both S. gigantea and S. canadensis were reported to occur in wetland habitats and sometimes formed monospecific stands what prove negative influence on biodiversity.

PL

W Polsce występują trzy inwazyjne gatunki z rodzaju nawłoć Solidago rodzime dla Ameryki Północnej. W latach 2010-2015 przeprowadzono badania pilotażowe w pięciu miastach Kotliny Oświęcimskiej i w jej sąsiedztwie. Badania miały na celu określenie częstości występowania, preferencji siedliskowych i podstawowych parametrów populacji tych taksonów. Wśród inwazyjnych nawłoci przeważały: nawłoć kanadyjska S. canadensis (79 stanowisk) oraz nawłoć późna (n. olbrzymia) S. gigantea (74) nad nawłocią trawolistną S. graminifolia (zaledwie 8 stanowisk). Populacje nawłoci nie były liczebne i zajmowały niewielką powierzchnię, aczkolwiek występowały populacje przekraczające 500 m2 i mające więcej niż 500 pędów (ramet) z wyjątkiem S. graminifolia, która pojawiała się tylko w małej liczbie okazów. Nawłoć kanadyjska miała tendencję do występowania na bardziej ruderalnych i segetalnych siedliskach niż S. gigantea, podczas gdy S. gramifolia została odnotowana wyłącznie na ugorach. Zarówno S. gigantea, jak i S. canadensis zostały stwierdzone na siedliskach mokradłowych i czasami tworzyły jednogatunkowe płaty, co jest przejawem negatywnego wpływu na rodzimą różnorodność biologiczną.

6

Habitat preferences of some neophytes with a reference to habitat disturbances

Myśliwy M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 3

509--526

EN

The spread of species far from their native range is an important component of global changes. Investigating the ability of alien plants to invade different habitats is one of the most important approaches in the analysis of biological invasion mechanisms. The study was based on floristic research carried out in 1998–2002 in the north-western part of Poland. The habitats sampled were classified according to the EUNIS classification. A dataset of 2638 naturalized neophyte records was compiled based on a total of 2132 floristic lists. Species entries were supplemented with data on taxonomic position (family), origin, frequency, life form and number of habitats a particular species colonises. Ordination analyses showed the level of disturbance in individual habitats to be important in species-habitats relationships. Some of the species (e.g. Chamomilla suaveolens, Galinsoga parviflora, Veronica persica) occurred mainly in man-made, heavily disturbed habitats, while others (e.g. Impatiens parviflora, Padus serotina, Quercus rubra) were present primarily in natural habitats, less affected by humans. The species with the broadest habitat ranges identified included, i.a. Conyza canadensis, Impatiens parviflora, Epilobium ciliatum, and Oxalis fontana. Most of them, however, had different “core” habitats. Some species, e.g. Juncus tenuis, Elodea canadensis, Veronica persica were associated with one or a few habitats. The ability of species to invade numerous habitat types did not depend on their invasive status. The most successful aliens are those which spread dynamically along forest paths as well as those penetrating forest communities. The phytocoenotic role of each naturalized neophyte in plant communities requires a detailed study.Each individual habitat supports well-established alien species whose traits fit its characteristics and the disturbance intensity. Analysis of alien species traits, local distribution, habitat preferences and range makes it possible to reliably assess potentially successful invaders.

7

Soils characteristics of forest phytocoenoses occupied by self-regenerating populations of quercus rubra in Silesian Upland

Chmura D.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2014

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R. 19, NR 1-2

109--117

EN

Northern Red Oak is a tree species native to North America. In Polish flora it has status of invasive plants. In the years 2008-2011 autoecological studies were conducted aiming at examination on what type of soils the species tends to regenerate ie appearance of seedlings in the vicinity of maternal trees. In total 250 phytosociological relevés and 100 soil samples (400 soil subsamples) were collected. It was observed that majority stands (almost 80%) of Northern Red Oak occupy sites very strongly acid and strongly acid. In reference to pH in KCl results are a little different, however, sites with soil very strongly acid (pH = 4.1-5.0) and stronly acid (pH < 4.1) also predominate. The investigated soils were typified by very low values of magnesium (< 10 mg/1000 g), phosphorus (< 3 mg/100 g) and potassium (< 7 mg/100 g). Total nitrogen in studied sites dominated in two the lowest classes (> 0.25%). The sites of Q. rubra are rich in organic carbon. Almost 50% of all sites covers two highest classes of concentration of this element ie 4.0-8.0% and > 8.0%. Soils where seedlings of Northern Red Oak were encountered, were characterized by humus medium for mezotrophic and eutrophic broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous forests - more than 60% had ratio of carbon and nitrogen CN > 25. In several sites this ratio reached 50. The lower values in case of content of calcium and loss on ignition dominate. The studies showed that soils on which species grows and also spontaneously regenerates are typical for coniferous and mixed coniferous forests, however, in natural range Q. rubra is component of deciduous forests. It could be associated with the fact of more frequent introduction of Northern Red Oak into poorer sites than the consequence of its habitat requirements.

PL

Dąb czerwony Quercus rubra L. to gatunek północnoamerykański, introdukowany do Polski na początku XIX w. W polskiej florze ten gatunek drzewa ma status rośliny inwazyjnej. W latach 2008-2011 na obszarze Wyżyny Śląskiej prowadzono badania autoekologiczne m.in. w celu sprawdzenia, na jakich typach gleb gatunek ten ma tendencję do odnawiania się (tzn. w miejscach, gdzie pojawiają się siewki w sąsiedztwie drzew macierzystych). Zebrano ogółem ok. 250 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych oraz ok. 100 próbek glebowych. Stwierdzono, że pod względem odczynu gleby (pH w wodzie) stanowiska z dębem czerwonym prawie w 80% zajmują miejsca bardzo silnie kwaśne i silnie kwaśne. W stosunku do pH w KCl wyniki się różnią, ale wciąż przeważają miejsca o odczynie silnie kwaśnym (pH = 4,1-5,0) i bardzo kwaśnym (pH < 4,1) na korzyść tych pierwszych. Stanowiska z Q. rubra są zasobne w organiczne związki węgla. Prawie 50% stanowisk mieści się w dwóch ostatnich klasach zawartości tego pierwiastka, tj. 4,0-8,0% oraz > 8%. Azot ogólny wśród badanych miejsc dominował w niższej i średniej klasie (> 0,25%). Gleby, na których odnotowano siewki dębu czerwonego, charakteryzowały się humusem pośrednim dla mezotroficznych i eutroficznych lasów liściastych i mieszanych, a borów i borów mieszanych - blisko 70% stanowisk miało stosunek węgla do azotu > 25. Na kilku stanowiskach stosunek C/N był bliski 50. Badane gleby odznaczały się wyjątkowo niskimi zawartościami magnezu (< 10 mg/100 g), fosforu (< 3 mg/100 g) oraz potasu (< 7 mg/100 g). Około 69-90% wszystkich stanowisk znajdowało się w najniższej klasie. Badania pokazują, że gleby na jakich rośnie, a także spontanicznie odnawia się dąb czerwony są typowe dla borów i lasów mieszanych, natomiast w naturalnym zasięgu Q. rubra jest głównie składnikiem lasów liściastych. Może to być związane z tendencją do częstszego wprowadzania dębu na uboższe siedliska przez leśników niż odzwierciedlać jego rzeczywiste preferencje.

8

The importance of land use type in Fallopia (Reynoutria) japonica invasion in the urban environment

Chmura D., Nejfeld P., Borowska M., Woźniak G., Nowak T., Tokarska-Guzik B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 2

379--384

EN

In total 273 stands of the invasive species Fallopia (Reynoutria) japonica in Oświęcim valley (southern Poland) were examined, in terms of cover, area, abundance, height and width of shoots, and presence of coexisting species. F. japonica occurred more frequently in wastelands and was the rarest in forests. Statistical analyses revealed some significant differences among habitats with particular traits. The most abundant populations, occupying the largest area, were recorded in wetlands and along railway lines. Populations were very diverse in terms of their percentage of flowering shoots within a particular type of habitat, however, the highest percentage was again observed in wetlands and along railways. In forests, gardens and in wastelands the contribution of flowering shoots was lower. The presence of accompanying species in the studied populations was generally low, most frequently stands of F. japonica were mono-specific with a slightly higher cover of accompanying species being recorded in F. japonica populations in forests. The highest proportion of the tallest shoots within a patch of F. japonica was observed in wetlands, while the lowest was in wastelands and in railways. The individuals with the thickest shoots were present in forests and wetlands and the thinnest in wastelands. Despite the simplified nature of the data collection the study demonstrated that F. japonica is more vigorous and forms larger stands occupying larger areas in some of the analyzed habitats. The study showed that in manmade habitats the considered species has favourable conditions for its development and further spread and this is of concern to conservationists and land managers as it can pose a threat to native biodiversity.

9

First report on the importance of alien gobiids in the diet of native piscivorous fishes in the lower Vistula River (Poland) [commun.]

Płąchocki D., Kobak J., Kakareko T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2012

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Vol. 41, No. 2

83-89

EN

We conducted a snapshot study to check the importance of non-native Ponto-Caspian gobies (monkey and racer goby) in the diet of native obligate (northern pike, pikeperch) and facultative (Eurasian perch) predators in the Vistula River 3-4 years after the appearance of aliens. In total 71 fish with non-empty stomachs, taken randomly from net catches from various parts of the river were analyzed, including 32 pike, 20 pikeperch and 19 perch specimens. We found that gobiids prevailed in the diet of smaller (<30 cm standard length, SL) individuals of pike and pikeperch, as well as larger (>15 cm SL) specimens of perch, although the effect of predator size on the presence of gobiids in the diet was not significant in the case of perch. Our results indicate that gobiids as a prey fish can stimulate considerable changes in local food webs, which require further studies.

10

Bioinvasions in fresh waters and the Nero dilemma

Gherardi Francesca

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

549-561

EN

Human-mediated invasions of organisms are causing great harm to the environment, indigenous species, national economies, and human health. Notwithstanding Elton's (1958) prophecies, only by the mid 1980s did the negative impact of several introduced species become clear, along with the urgency to reduce the pace of bioinvasions. Often conservation biologists are faced with the Nero dilemma. Should they keep "fiddling" with their elegant experiments while biota are burning, or rather act, even before achieving a "strong verification" of their hypotheses? Indeed, we do need a comprehensive scientific understanding of the biological features, ecological effects, and spread potential of invasive species in order to be able to improve our strategies for mitigating their impacts. Abundant data have been collected during the past two decades on a growing number of case studies. The theories on bioinvasions derived from that wealth of knowledge have indeed revealed their predictive power. We should now strive towards a quick transfer of this knowledge from the laboratories to the real world.