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Biologiczna ocena działania oczyszczalni hydrofitowej

Wysocka M.

Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2018

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Vol. 9, no. 3

143--148

PL

W artykule został poruszony problem biologicznej oceny działania oczyszczalni hydrofitowej. Obiekt badawczy stanowiła oczyszczalnia hydrofitowa położona w miejscowości Zwierki w gminie Zabłudów. W celu dokonania biologicznej oceny działania oczyszczalni wykonano badania wybranych wskaźników mikrobiologicznych. Wykonano posiewy próbek ścieków surowych, ścieków oczyszczonych oraz wód pobranych ze stawu odbierającego ścieki oczyszczone. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, iż złoże hydrofitowe w redukuje ilość drobnoustrojów obecnych w ściekach surowych. Natomiast w stawie odbierającym ścieki dochodzi do wtórnego zanieczyszczenia biologicznego.

EN

This article discusses the problem of biological evaluation of the constructed wetlands. The constructed wetland located in Zwierki in the Zabłudów commune was a research facility. Biological evaluation of the constructed wetland was made by taking samples of raw sewage, treated sewage flowing out of the deposit and water from the receiving pond. Cultures were made on individual media to determine the presence or amount of the microorganisms concerned. After incubation, the approximate number of microorganisms on solid media was calculated. As a result of the research, it was found that the constructed wetland to some extent reduces the amount of microorganisms present in raw sewage. However, in the receiving pond, secondary biological pollution occurs.

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Application of new regional biotic index APODEMAC, in environmental quality assessment of lowland streams / Paweł Koperski, Małgorzata Gołub

Koperski Paweł, Gołub Małgorzata

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 2

311-320

EN

Four commonly employed biotic indices based on macrofauna composition: BMWP (British Monitoring Working Party score system), ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon), DSFI (Danish Stream Fauna Index) and FBI (Family level Biotic Index) were used to assess environmental quality of six small slow-flowing lowland streams (Masurian Lakeland, North-eastern Poland). Their efficiencies in determining the level of degradation, assessed by the simoultaneous measuring of the main abiotic parameters of water, were tested. The search for relationships between both abundance and percentages of invertebrate taxa and values of the main abiotic parameters with multiple regression analysis resulted in determining an indicative value for certain taxa. Results of discriminant function analysis show, that environmental quality can be predicted accurately on the basis of macrofauna composition in 94-100% of the sites. However, none of tested indices classified the sites to particular classes of degradation with with sufficient accuracy. The relationships between the values of all tested indices and the values of Cumulative Index of Environmental Quality (CIEQ) based on abiotic parameters, expressed as coefficients of linear regression, were very low and ranged between 0.006 and 0.068. Therefore, a new regional, macrofauna-based biotic index, APODEMAC, is proposed as a better tool for environmental quality assessment. Values of APODEMAC are strongly dependent on values of CIEQ (R^2 = 0.641), and their seasonal variance is lower than that of other indices. Coefficient of linear regression between CIEQ values and APODEMAC was 9 to almost 100 times higher than for other tested biotic indices. The selection of indicator taxa used in APODEMAC procedure was based on comparisons between the taxa densities at sampling sites differing in terms of environmental quality and on the results of multiple regression and discriminant analysis. The importance of certain taxa of molluscs, leeches and dipterans in this procedure is much higher, while the importance of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies is much lower than in BMWP, ASPT, FBI and DSFI. The occurrence of the various larval insects in the studied environments seems to be limited rather by substrate type than by the chemical quality of stream water. Application of simple regional biotic indices like APODEMAC is suggested as an, in some cases, easier, cheaper and less time-consuming way of biological assessment compared to complicated and time-consuming implementation of the existing indices.

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Testing the suitability of leeches (Hirudinea, Clitellata) for biological assessment of lowland streams

Koperski P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 1

65-80

EN

Certain features of leeches make them potentially very useful in the biological assessment of freshwaters as bio-indicators of water pollution, especially in moderately polluted lowland watercourses. The main aim of the study was to test their usefulness as indicators of the level of habitat degradation. The composition of leech samples and the main abiotic parameters in water samples, which had been taken simultaneously in six lowland streams of north-eastern Poland and the relations between them were investigated. Multivariate methods of data analysis wereused to test if particular leech species or the taxonomic composition of assemblages thereof could be useful in predicting the assessed quality of the environment. The greatest difficulty with analysis of the results is to separate the effect of the stream (site specifics) from the effect of environmental quality, expressed as Cumulative Index of Environmental Quality (CIEQ). An important result of this study is the highly consistent prediction of the level of water pollution to be attained on the basis of leech taxonomic composition using Discriminant Function Analysis. Some common leech species were found to be good, positive or negative indicators of pollution level. The classifications of Glossiphonia complanata and Erpobdella octoculata as negative bio-indicators corroborates the conclusions of numerous previous studies, in contrast with the indicative value of Helobdella stagnalis, shown previously to be rather a negative indicator. It would seem to be necessary, for biomonitoring purposes, to identify detailly the leeches of such ecologically different families as Glossiphonidae and Erpobdellidae.