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A tyrannosaurid pedal ungual from the Williams Fork Formation (Campanian) of Colorado and its implications for the biogeography of Laramidian dinosaurs

Yun Chan-Gyu

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 1

63--72

EN

A right theropod pedal ungual phalanx II-3 from the Campanian Williams Fork Formation of northwestern Colorado is described, and a combination of features, including the large size, tapering distal tip, robust and stout overall form, triangular cross-section, and a relatively flat ventral surface allows a confident referral to Tyrannosauridae Osborn, 1906. Although this specimen was found in a relatively southern state, the proximal articular surface of this ungual is similar to that of Gorgosaurus libratus Lambe, 1914, a taxon found in the northern state, Alberta. Although based on limited evidence, this may suggest that the range of tyrannosaurids considered endemic to the north of Laramidia extended farther south than previously thought.

2

Phylogeny of the ammonite family Aulacostephanidae Spath, 1924 during the Late Oxfordian and the Early Kimmeridgian in Europe: Main lineages, patterns of evolution and sedimentological to palaeogeographical controls on evolutionary development

Wierzbowski Andrzej

Volumina Jurassica

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2022

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Vol. 20

59--128

EN

The evolutionary history of the Aulacostephanidae presented here includes the interval of about 5 Ma of the Late Oxfordian and Early Kimmeridgian ranging from the origin of the family to is maximal development. The development and biogeographical distribution of aulacostephanids in Europe were related mostly to sea-level changes and tectonics. The appearance of the ancestor genus Decipia and the following genus Ringsteadia was controlled by marine transgressions during the Late Oxfordian which stimulated also the distribution of these ammonites in Subboreal and Submediterranean Europe. The main faunal turnover at the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary was related to allopatric speciation correlated to separation of the aulacostephanid assemblages: it resulted in the appearance of the main Ringsteadia-Pictonia-Rasenia lineage in NW Subboreal Europe and the side-lineages Ringsteadia-Vielunia-Eurasenia/Involuticeras and Ringsteadia-Vineta-Balticeras-Rasenioides in NE Subboreal and Central Submediterranean Europe. A strong development of the shallow-water carbonate platforms during the Early Kimmeridgian stimulated the development of still another Pictonia (Pomerania) - Rasenia (Pachypictonia) lineage. The main faunal turnover correlated to a large transgression at the end of the Early Kimmeridgian resulted in the sudden distribution of the new aulacostephanid faunas over large areas of northern and central Europe, and opened a new stage in the evolutionary development of the family.

3

Review of the Ordovician stratigraphy and fauna of the Anarak Region in Central Iran

Popov L. E., Hairapetian V., Evans D. H., Ghobadi Pour M., Holmer L. E., Baars C.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 4

403--435

EN

The Ordovician sedimentary succession of the Pol-e Khavand area, situated on the northern margin of the Yazd block, has important differences from those in other parts of Central Iran. It has been established that the presumably terminal Cambrian to Lower Ordovician volcano-sedimentary Polekhavand Formation, exposed in the Pol-e Khavand area, has non-conformable contact with greenschists of the Doshakh Metamorphic Complex. The succeeding, mainly siliciclastic Chahgonbad Formation contains low to moderately diverse faunal assemblages, including brachiopods, cephalopods, trilobites and tentaculitids. The Darriwilian age of the lower part of the formation is well established by the co-occurrence of brachiopod genera Camerella, Phragmorthis, Tritoechia and Yangtzeella. The associated rich cephalopod fauna is different from the Darriwilian cephalopod associations of the Alborz terrane and may show some affinity with warm water faunas of North China and South Korea. It is likely that the Mid Ordovician fauna recovered from the lower part of the Chahgonbad Formation settled in the area sometime during a warming episode in the late Darriwilian. By contrast the low diversity mid Katian brachiopod association includes only three taxa, which occur together with the trilobite Vietnamia cf. teichmulleri and abundant, but poorly preserved tentaculitids questionably assigned to the genus Costatulites. This faunal association bears clear signatures linking it to the contemporaneous cold water faunas of the Arabian, Mediterranean and North African segments of Gondwana. Four brachiopod species recovered from the Chahgonbad Formation, including Hibernodonta lakhensis, Hindella prima, Lomatorthis? multilamellosa and Yangtzeella chupananica are new to science.

4

Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) charophyte gyrogonites from the Lameta Formation of Jabalpur, Central India: palaeobiogeographic and palaeoecological implications

Khosla A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 3

311--323

EN

A charophyte gyrogonite assemblage consisting of Platychara cf. sahnii, Nemegtichara grambastii and Microchara sp. is reported herein from two localities (Bara Simla Hill and Chui Hill sections) of the Lameta Formation at Jabalpur. The Lameta Formation locally underlying the Deccan traps has been shown to be pedogenically modified alluvial plain deposits containing one of the most extensive dinosaur nesting sites in the world. They are associated with dinosaur bones and freshwater ostracod assemblages that suggest a Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) age. This is the first detailed systematic account of charophyte gyrogonites from the Lameta Formation. This charophyte assemblage is compatible with the biostratigraphic attribution provided by the ostracods. From a biogeographic viewpoint, it exhibits considerable similarity to other infratrappean assemblages of the Nand, Dongargaon, and Dhamni-Pavna sections (Maharashtra), and some intertrappean assemblages of Kora in Gujarat, Rangapur in Andhra Pradesh and Gurmatkal in South India. Globally, the genus Microchara is well distributed throughout Eurasia, whereas the genus Platychara occurs richly in the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Europe, Asia, America and Africa. However, at the specific level, Platychara cf. sahnii shows close affinities with charophytes from the Maastrichtian of Iran whilst Nemegtichara grambastii shows distinct affinities with two species of Early Palaeogene deposits of China and Mongolia. The presence of charophyte gyrogonites in the Lameta sediments is attributed to local lacustrine and palustrine conditions within a flood plain environment.

5

Ewolucja zespołów trylobitowych z drugiego i trzeciego oddziału kambru Gór Świętokrzyskich i ich znaczenie biogeograficzne

Żylińska A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 1

30–-39

EN

Deposits of the Cambrian Series 2 and 3 of the Holy Cross Mountains, comprising sandstones, and silty and clayey mudstones, are located on the Małopolska Block which is part of the Trans-European Suture Zone. Most recent geophysical data point to the proximal nature of this structural element with regard to the Baltica palaeocontinent. The trilobite assemblages are dominated by Ellipsocephalidae, generally accompanied by Holmiidae in the lower part, and by Paradoxididae in the upper part of the studied interval. They display a significant evolutionary trend, correlatable with the development of contemporary assemblages in Avalonia and Gondwana rather than those of Baltica. Discrepancies between the basement affinity and the dominant trilobites may be explained by the influence of strong larva-carrying currents from Avalonia and Gondwana.

6

The oldest Cambrian trilobites from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland : taxonomic, stratigraphic and biogeographic reappraisal

Żylińska A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2013

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Vol. 63, no. 1

57-87

EN

Authorship issues are clarified, new photographic documentation is provided and emended systematic descriptions are presented for the oldest Cambrian trilobite taxa from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). Biostratigraphic analysis of the fauna allows correlation with the traditional Holmia kjerulfi-group Zone of Scandinavia, the Callavia Zone of Britain and Newfoundland, the lower and middle part of the Sectigena Zone of Morocco and the Marianian Stage of Spain. The trilobites display a strong biogeographic signal linked with West Gondwana and Avalonia and a suggestion is made that the TESZ margin of Baltica with the Malopolska Massif was liable to currents from those areas that distributed planktonic trilobite larvae.

7

Inoceramid and foraminiferal record and biozonation of the Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Mangyshlak Mts., western Kazakhstan

Walaszczyk I., Kopaevich L. F., Beniamovski V. N.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2013

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Vol. 63, no. 4

469--487

EN

The Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Mangyshlak Mts., western Kazakhstan, yielded a rich and relatively complete inoceramid bivalve record. The faunas and their succession correspond to those known from central and eastern Europe, allowing the zonation established in the latter areas to be applied in a virtually identical form. The gaps in the record of the group in Mangyshlak stem from the regional hiatuses in the geological record in the area and do not reflect any biogeographical differences between eastern and central-western Europe. Planktonic foraminifera are rare. Four successive interval range zones can be distinguished: in ascending stratigraphic order, the Helvetoglobotrunaca helvetica, Marginotruncaca pseudolinneiana, Marginotruncana coronata, and Concavotruncana concavata zones. Their correlation with the inoceramid zonation and, consequently, with the chronostratigraphic scheme, is demonstrated. The zonation and chronostratigraphic subdivision as applied in Mangyshlak may easily be applied to other areas of the peri-Caspian region (Caucasus, Tuarkyr, Kopet-Dagh, SE margin of the East-European Craton).

8

Charakterystyka jurajskich mszywiołów południowej Polski w aspekcie warunków paleooerodowiska i biogeografii

Hara U.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 1

54-54, 60

EN

A few distinctive bryozoan assemblages have been recognized in the Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments of southern Poland. The biota moderately rich in bryozoan taxa are generally restricted to a few cyclostome genera and dominated respectively by tubuloporines among which the majority form a fan-shaped or discoidal [bereniciform], encrusting colonies previously called "Berenieca", a bryozoan ubiquitous in the Jurassic. The Lower and Upper Callovian epifaunal bryozoan community of the vicinity of Cracow at Zalas in the Cracow Upland is represented by well-known Jurassic Stomatopora Bronn, Hyporosopora Canu & Bassler and Microeciella Taylor & Sequeiros, genera, as well as the other undeterminated, numerous bereniciform colonies. In terms of the species richness the most diversified is the Early Oxfordian bryozoan assemblage of the Ćmielów area [NW margin of the Holy Cross Mts], associated with an open shelf biohermal sedimentation, which was replaced later [during the transversarium and bifurcatues zones] by the shallow-water, soft-bottom coral buildups, among which the bryozoans are well-represented and described from Bałtów. The presence of the ?Late Tithonian–Berriasian bryozoan fauna has been documented in the thin-sections of the Stramberk limestones of the Polish Flysch Carpathians. Palaeoecological aspects of the studied bryozoan biotas are related to the nature and relative abundance of the colonial growth forms, the substrate type and other ecological factors. The moderately rich occurrence of the bryozoans in the Late Middle and Upper Jurassic sequences of Poland shows a different pattern of distribution than the biotas of the northwestern Europe which display the greatest species diversity in the Middle Jurassic [Bathonian]. The taxonomical and biogeographical studies of the Jurassic bryozoan biotas of Poland, in spite of the great patchiness in the global distribution of the Jurassic cyclostomes, has a key significance for the evolutionary radiation pattern and may add new data, whether this fauna originated and started to radiate in the Late Middle or the Upper Jurassic, or this event was mostly connected with the facies migration from west to east.

9

The microcrustacean fauna of Sicily and the central Mediterranean Sea area - current knowledge and gaps to be filled

Marrone Federico

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

681-685

EN

The current knowledge of freshwater entomostracans from Sicily and some neighbouring central-Mediterranean countries is briefly reviewed. Data concerning different countries and different taxonomical groups are markedly inhomogeneous and often far from being representative of the real biota of the corresponding countries. This gap prevents a sound, biogeographical analysis of the freshwater microcrustacean fauna of the area. The major gaps that have to be filled are highlighted and the need for more surveys and monitoring is emphasised.

10

Dispersal - limited biodiversity of tropical insular streams

Covich Alan P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

523-547

EN

Numerous species are adapted for colonization of insular fresh waters by using different mechanisms of active and passive dispersal, especially among oceanic islands at low latitudes. Over time, similar animal communities have assembled in many tropical streams and rivers on isolated islands. These freshwater communities are characterized by a relatively low number of species of fishes, decapods, gastropods and insects that typically have complex life cycles including passive, long-distance dispersal. These species often disperse during marine phases with drifting larvae or by rafting and aerial transport of resistant, dormant stages. Active dispersal is sometimes effective for relatively short-distance movements from one island.s streams to another island's nearby drainage basin within an archipelago (a "stepping-stones" dispersal pattern). Identifying distinct differences among aquatic communities on "true oceanic" islands of different ages and geologic histories requires a longterm biogeographic perspective including the degree of spatial isolation of populations and differences in rates of speciation. Consequently, the total biodiversity of insular streams is a complex combination of dispersal from multiple sources of species from continents and other islands, as well as evolution of new endemics. Recolonization of streams following natural disturbances and the impacts of introduced species result in dynamic changes in species accumulation and turnover in these insular freshwater ecosystems. Analysis of dispersal to islands provides general perspectives on managing fragmented habitats, especially the effects of invasive species that also shed light on factors affecting the equilibrium composition of animal communities in island-like ecosystems on continents.