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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2023

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Performance of Compact Bio-Contact Oxidation Reactors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Under Different Hydraulic Retention Time

Awad Ameera Mohamad, Ibrahim Husham T., Al-Aboodi Ali H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 12

304--318

This study employed a laboratory-scale continuous upflow bio-contact oxidation reactor to treat 50 L/day of municipal wastewater in Al Rumaitha City, located north of Al Muthanaa Province in Iraq. The reactor configuration consisted of two anoxic-aerobic reactors nested inside each other, with a 1:3 volume ratio of anoxic to aerobic zones. Both the anoxic and aerobic reactors were loaded with K1 bio-media, filling them to 50% capacity for fixing and preserving the biomass. The reactors were operated in a mode that achieved full nitrification-denitrification without any sludge return, relying solely on internal recycling from the aerobic to the anoxic reactor. After biofilm formation on the carriers, three distinct hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were investigated – ranging from 24 to 12 hours – to evaluate their impact on removing biological nutrients from municipal sewage. In this operational approach, the preferred internal recycle ratio and gas/water ratio for effective nitrogen removal were a complete feed rate recycle of 100% and a ratio of 1:5, respectively. The experiment results highlighted that a 24-hour hydraulic retention time was most suitable for the simultaneous removal of organic carbon (COD) and nutrients. During this period, average removal efficiencies were found to be 93.51% for COD, 94.50% for ammonium (NH4+), 60.98% for total nitrogen (TN), and 67.57% for total phosphorus (TP). Furthermore, the aerobic bio-contact oxidation reactors maintained an average dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 4.89 mg/L. In contrast, the anoxic bio- contact oxidation reactors exhibited a lower average DO concentration of 0.38 mg/L.

Biopolishing of Domestic Wastewater Using Polyvinyl Alcohol – Supported Biofilm of Bacterial Strain Bacillus velezensis Isolate JB7

Othman Muhammad Faidsyafiq, Hasan Hassimi Abu, Muhamad Mohd Hafizuddin, Babaqi Badiea S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 8

33--42

Water pollution occurs due to the discharge of domestic waste mixed with residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural wastewater. Conventional water treatment methods using aerobic/anaerobic methods can cause problems with the production of high green gases and result in the greenhouse effect. Microbial-based domestic sewage treatment technology using polyvinyl alcohol biofilm supporting media was introduced as an alternative measure to overcome this problem. The objective of the study was to determine the performance of polyvinyl alcohol beads in polishing domestic wastewater. In this study, the bacterium Bacillus velezensis isolate JB7 was used together with PVA as a raw material to treat domestic sewage wastewater more efficiently and stably. The results of the study show the effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment in several factors such as pH value, chemical oxygen demand, phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and total suspended solids. As conclusion, domestic wastewater treatment methods using polyvinyl alcohol beads are seen to be effective, reducing the use of sewage waste plant construction sites and able to avoid the use of non-recyclable materials such as plastics and synthetics.