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Genetic variation of arta populations (Calligonum polygonoides subsp. comosum) in Egypt : Genepools for biodiversity and afforestation

Mahdy Ehab M.B., Rizk Rehab M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

81--90

EN

Genetic diversity manipulates a prime and vital role in the sustainable use of genetic resources. The data highlighted more insights into the genetic diversity of the arta plant (Calligonum polygonoides subsp. comosum) populations collected from three localities, Qalabshu (QQ), Mutubas (MM) and Gamasa (GG), in Egypt as gene pool for biodiversity conservation and afforestation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers investigated the population pattern and structure. A total of 129-amplicons oscillated from 145 to 1505 bp and a total of 19-amplicons were specific markers with an average of nine bands for each population. The Shannon index (I) scored at an average of 0.3. The diversity (h) oscillated from 0.11 to 0.25. The similarity matrices based on Jaccard coefficient recorded positive values. A higher correlation (r = 0.83) was between the combined Qalabshu (QQ) and Mutubas (MM) matrices using the Mantel test with 1,000 permutations. This species has higher adaptability for their regions. This gene pool is a valuable reservoir for enriching genetic diversity and provides basal information for the biodiversity conservation of a dominant species. The dominant species can be utilised in afforestation in the same region or another region which has the same environmental conditions.

2

Effect of Buffer Zone Structure on Diversity of Aquatic Vegetation in Farmland Water Bodies

Kujawa Krzysztof, Arczyńska-Chudy Ewa, Janku Krzysztof, Mana Mostefa

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 4

263--282

EN

Farmland water bodies (FWBs) are marginal habitats in the agricultural landscape. However, regardless of their small size, they are refuges for natural vegetation and species-rich animal assemblages. They are especially important in areas where the intensification of agricultural activities reduces the ecological quality of the landscape. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the habitat structure of the FWB buffer zone on macrophyte association diversity in the FWBs (n = 49). As many as 175 species of vascular plants, three stoneworts, and 40 (41-49 according to Chao2 estimator) plant associations were recognized, including 19 of high conservation priority. The occurrence of threatened associations (0-5 per FWB) was not correlated with the number of common (unthreatened) ones. The most important predictors of plant diversity (at the species level and the association level) were the connection of the FWB with a watercourse (positive effect), and the distance from the FWB to the nearest built-up areas (positive effect). The results suggest that even though the high percentage cover of perennial vegetation mitigates the effect of diffused pollutions of agricultural origin on FWB biota, its significance may become low when the distance from a built-up area to FWBs is small.

3

The proposal to transform an old limestone quarry into a botanical garden with a rainforest zone: a case study

Słonina Daria, Kusza Grzegorz, Mikołajów Mateusz

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2019

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Vol. 28, No. 1

131--142

EN

Nowadays, a significant part of cities is tackling the problems with post-mining areas. This manuscript is an original research which shows possibilities of their reclamation. The aim of the article is to present the proposal of developing the closed limestone quarry and creating a botanical garden. The proposed spatial solutions allow for creating a new, tourist and recreation space, maintaining the natural heritage. The work also assumed carrying out a dendrological inventory, in order to determine the existing dendroflora. The required spatial, nature and communication analyses, which illustrate the current condition of the area and defi ne further design works, have also been carried out. The main idea of the project was to maintain the particular biodiversity, combined with regional culture and its continuous development. This type of assumption aims not only at protection of endangered species. It also has a great role in shaping the awareness of natural environment of various social groups. The creation of a rainforest substitute in the Opole Botanical Garden was possible through selection of the existing afforestation, considering its adaptation as well as through liquidation and introduction of new trees, shrubs, perennial and climbing plants, which shall emphasise the tropical landscape type by their shapes, texture and colours. The project includes many elements, which reflect the general image of humid rainforests. The planned vegetation in connection with the appropriately selected architecture shall undoubtedly influence visitors’ senses, transferring them to the ‘wild’ and mysterious part of the world.

4

The forest arborets and their activities for forest and nature education

Pietrzak-Zawadka J., Zawadka J.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2018

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nr 1

121--131

EN

Over the centuries, arboreta and botanical gardens have performed a variety of functions, the most important being the collection and sharing of the various plant collections. Initially, these collections mainly included medicinal plants for the education of future physicians or pharmacists. The aim of this article is to show the significant role of these units in the forest and nature education. Conducting scientific research and making collections for educational and research purposes is carried out by botanical gardens primarily by providing access to the public to harvest in a manner that will not endanger the collection. Formal education is carried out in these units mainly through links with universities and through the organization of special educational activities (equivalent to museum lessons) for schools.

5

The Effects of Environmental Features and Overstory Composition on the Understory Species Assemblage in Sub-Mediterranean Coppiced Woods : Implications for a Sustainable Forest Management

Tardella F. M., Postiglione N., Vitanzi A., Catorci A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

167--182

EN

Understanding the relationship among environmental factors, overstory and understory is a key step for the improvement of sustainable forest management. Our aim was to understand how environmental features (topographic factors) and overstory (tree species) composition affect understory (shrub and herb species) assemblage in sub-Mediterranean coppiced woods. The study area lies in the Monti Sibillini National Park (central Italy). In 205 plots (20 × 20 m) we collected topographic features and species cover values; moreover, we defined the Social Behaviour Type (SBT — i.e. species ecological and dynamic features) of each understory species. Data were analysed using Redundancy Analysis and Generalized Linear Modeling. We found that topographic factors shaped percentage cover of different tree species and hence determined forest community type. Topography-related factors were further mediated by the tree layer composition, in filtering understory assemblage, on the basis of species SBT. We found no effect of overstory species diversity on understory species diversity. However, the presence of tree species different from the dominant ones increased understory species richness. This effect was particularly notable in evergreen woods, dominated by Quercus ilex. We conclude that, to improve the management sustainability, coppicing management should be focused on the achievement of the greater tree species diversity.

6

Habitat Use of Hipparchia semele (Lepidoptera) in Its Artificial Stronghold : Necessity of the Resource-Based Habitat View in Restoration of Disturbed Sites

Tropek R., Cizek O., Kadlec T., Klecka J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

385--399

EN

Post-industrial sites, including fly ash deposits, are common landscape components in many Central European regions. Their effective restoration is thus crucial because such habitats have been recognised as critical secondary refuges for many endangered and declining species. Controversially, the overwhelming majority of restoration projects consider vegetation units as the restoration target and thus ignore various habitat resources of many endangered species. Our study details habitat-use of the grayling Hipparchia semele, a European endemic xerothermophilous specialist and one of the most rapidly declining butterflies in Central Europe, inhabiting a fly ash deposit in the Kadaň region, western Czech Republic. We estimated its population to 510 males and 346 females by the capture-mark-recapture method during its whole flight period. By detailed recording of all observed specimens' behaviour, we show that this species uses resources from distinct vegetation units, such as exposed and disturbed spots, ruderal regrowths, solitary trees and shrubs, rocks and artificial concrete structures. Because the studied population can act as a source for the whole region, the grayling's ecological needs should be considered in any restoration project. Oppositely, the originally planned restoration of dry grasslands based on plant species composition of vegetation would very probably threaten one of the last two metapopulations in the whole country. Using the grayling's case, we thus warn against the vegetation-based habitat approach in restoration ecology; the resource-based habitat approach should be prioritised, especially when considering needs of the most threatened and/or umbrella species.

7

How does recent vegetation reflects previous systems of forest management?

Szymura T. H.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 4

859--862

EN

It is known that historical coppicing could lead to developing thermophilous oak forests (habitat 91I0 according to NATURA 2000, in Kwiatkowski 2004), but this management system is recently unknown in Poland. In this paper we present the results of researching the historical documentation considering past methods of forest management in Sudety Mountains foothills (Silesia, Poland, Central Europe). Results of this research show that coppicing was most popular in the period ca 1835–1890, and focused on production of high quality oak tanbark (mirror tanbark). In the end of 19th century the area of coppiced forest for tanbark production was assessed at 16,000 ha. The decline of financial efficiency of this production led to conversion of coppiced forest into high forests, applying coppice-with-standard systems as transient kind of management. The historical knowledge suggests that thermophilous oak forest vegetation, observed recently in Sudety Mts. foothills, can be considered as an effect of past forest management and also necessity of active management in order to maintain this habitat.

8

Diversity and distribution of high-mountain meadows across elevation gradient in Wutai Mts. (North China)

Zhang J., Mi X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 3

585-593

EN

The Wutai Mountain Meadow Reserve, located at 112 [degrees] 50' - 113 [degrees] 50'E, 38 [degrees] 30' - 39 [degrees] 15'N, conserves the typical highmountain meadows in North China. Eighty one plots (quadrates 2 m x 2 m ) in 11 transects separated by 100 meters in altitude along an elevation gradient (2 000.3 058 m a.s.l.) were established. Species composition of plants, their abundance, coverage and height in each plot were measured and recorded. The environmental variable like slope, slope orientation, soil type, air temperature and humidity (yearly average values) were assessed. The multivariate analysis methods, TWINSPAN for classification, and DCA and CCA for ordination, were used to analyze the relationships between meadow communities and environmental variables. The results showed that there are eight types of mountain meadow vegetation in the reserve. The distribution of meadow communities is related to elevation, slope, slope orientation, and soil-water conditions. The changes of species diversity (H' = 1.5.2.5 ) in communities are mainly related to elevation gradient, and also related to community coverage, slope and slope orientation.

9

Bioinvasions in fresh waters and the Nero dilemma

Gherardi Francesca

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

549-561

EN

Human-mediated invasions of organisms are causing great harm to the environment, indigenous species, national economies, and human health. Notwithstanding Elton's (1958) prophecies, only by the mid 1980s did the negative impact of several introduced species become clear, along with the urgency to reduce the pace of bioinvasions. Often conservation biologists are faced with the Nero dilemma. Should they keep "fiddling" with their elegant experiments while biota are burning, or rather act, even before achieving a "strong verification" of their hypotheses? Indeed, we do need a comprehensive scientific understanding of the biological features, ecological effects, and spread potential of invasive species in order to be able to improve our strategies for mitigating their impacts. Abundant data have been collected during the past two decades on a growing number of case studies. The theories on bioinvasions derived from that wealth of knowledge have indeed revealed their predictive power. We should now strive towards a quick transfer of this knowledge from the laboratories to the real world.