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1
Content available Experimental investigations on the performance and emissions of compression ignition engine fuelled with lower blends of neem-based biodiesel
Dhande Dinesh, Navale Shirish
Archiwum Motoryzacji
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2024
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Vol. 103, nr 1
57--76
EN
Biodiesel has attracted a lot of attention as a possible replacement for traditional fuels due to the limited supply of fossil fuels and the growing concern about emissions of greenhouse gases. It is renewable and produces less hazardous emissions when burned. Enhancing biodiesel production is imperative to meet the escalating demand for eco-friendly fuels, serving as a remedy for the rising costs and dwindling accessibility of petroleum. This study aims in boosting neem biodiesel production specially in dry and unproductive soil regions and improving engine power using neem oil biodiesel, especially using lower blends. This study is in line with the initiatives that promote sustainable energy growth by gradually increase biodiesel blending from 15% to 30% in the near future. This research delves into the manufacturing of biodiesel from neem seeds and impact of its blends on the efficiency and emissions of compression ignition engines when combined with regular fuel. The biodiesel was produced using the transesterification method.Three distinct blends, B10, B15, and B20, were prepared by blending neem biodiesel with regular diesel. When testing engine performance, these mixtures were compared against pure diesel fuel. The specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of all blend combinations improved with increasing load. In comparison to pure diesel, there were also decreased percentages of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke opacity. There was an increase in nitrogen oxides with increasing load for all mixes as compared to pure diesel. The research results highlight neem biodiesel as a practical and efficient alternative to conventional diesel fuel due to its ability to enhance engine efficiency and lowering emissions.
2
Content available Benefits of exhaust gas energy for preheating biodiesel fuel to enhance engine emissions and performance
Mourad Mohamed, Noureldenn Elsadek H.
Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering
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2019
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Vol. 3, No 2
157--167
EN
The need for alternative fuel instead of conventional fossil fuels (diesel or gasoline) has recently increased for several reasons, including the expected shortage of petroleum fossil fuels and the production of pollution by transportation. Consequently, researchers are interested in finding new alternative fuels. At present, the number of studies on biodiesel as a compression ignition engine fuel has increased. Current studies are mainly concerned with studying the use of exhaust gas temperature to preheat biodiesel fuel before it enters the combustion chamber. A heat exchanger is designed to increase the temperature of the biodiesel fuel prior to the combustion process. The performance characteristics of diesel engines and the emission of pollutants resulting from this modification were investigated under different operating conditions, including different engine loads and speeds. The results showed clear improvements in engine performance, including improved output power, specific fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The engine power and specific fuel consumption improvements as a result of preheating reached up to 1.3% and 8.27%, respectively. Pollutant emission also decreased obviously, with carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission decreases of 12.95% and 12.85%, respectively. However, the emission of nitrogen oxides increased by 4.39%.
3
Content available remote Zastosowanie niekonwencjonalnych surowców oleistych w syntezie biodiesla
Skrzyńska E., Wondołowska-Grabowska A., Stalmach E., Szynal M., Leśniak M.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2016
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T. 95, nr 10
1952--1955
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań nad użyciem niekonwencjonalnych olejów do produkcji biodiesla. Surowce tłuszczowe otrzymano przez wytłaczanie lub ekstrakcję nasion 15 gatunków roślin oleistych. Na podstawie analiz składu chemicznego oraz pomiaru gęstości, lepkości, analizy wartości liczb charakterystycznych oraz właściwości wysoko- i niskotemperaturowych oceniono przydatność zsyntezowanych mieszanek estrów metylowych kwasów tłuszczowych do produkcji biodiesla w świetle obowiązujących norm.
EN
Fifeen plants were considered as raw materials for prodn. of biodiesel fuels. Their seeds were studied for dry mass, fats, ash, fibers and proteins and pressed or extd. with Me₂CO to recover the oil components. The oils were transesterified with MeOH to prep. resp. fatty acid Me esters examd. then for chem. compn., d., viscosity, acid, sapon. and iodine values, as well as for low- and high-temp. properties. The fuels prepd. from white mustard oil (Sinapis alba L.), hempseed oil (Cannabis sativa L.) and poppy oil (Papaver somniferum L.) seeds were recognized as the most promising, as they fulfilled the requirements of biodiesel stds. (low content of polyunsatd. fatty acid esters, concn. of linolenic acid below 12% by mass, viscosity between 3.5–5.0 mm²/s at 40°C, d. between 860–900 kg/m³ at 15°C, acid value below 0.5, iodine value below 120, flash point above 101°C and cloud points between –5°C and 5°C).
4
Content available remote Technologiczne aspekty produkcji biodiesla metodą okresową
Sulewski M., Traczykowski A., Urbaniak W., Budzińska K.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2014
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T. 93, nr 4
547-549
PL
Dokonano porównania jedno i dwustopniowej transestryfikacji oleju rzepakowego alkoholem metylowym metodą okresową. Reakcję prowadzono w obecności katalizatora alkalicznego (KOH). Zbadano wpływ temperatury oraz zastosowanego nadmiaru metanolu na wydajność produktów reakcji (biodiesla oraz warstwy glicerynowej). Zbadano również zawartości wybranych estrów metylowych kwasów tłuszczowych w biodieslu w zależności od metody i parametrów prowadzenia procesu.
EN
Rape seed oil was transesterified with MeOH in presence of KOH at 30–50°C. MeOH was added either in one portion or in 2 portions. Contents of Me oleate and linoleate in biodiesel were detd. by gas chromatog. No substantial differences between both processws were obsd. except at low temp. where the 2-step process was less efficient.
5
Content available remote Impact of residual glycerides on viscosity of biodiesel (waste and rapeseed oil blends)
Jurac Z., Pomenić L
Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
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2013
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Vol. 59, nr 2
75--79
EN
Purpose: Biodiesel, mixture of fatty acid methyl esters is a biodegradable alternative fuel that is obtained from renewable sources as a vegetable oils or animal fats. Use of waste cooking oils reduce the cost of raw materials for biodiesel production and also reduces the environment pollution. Moreover, pure edible vegetable oils for biodiesel production have an ethical significance because food is used to produce fuel. The aim of this work is a presentation of effects that residual glycerides have on kinematic viscosity values of biodiesels produced from the various waste cooking oils with crude rapeseed oil blends. Kinematic viscosity is one of the most important property of biodiesel and it directly depend on raw material composition. Design/methodology/approach: This article includes analysis and estimation of the effect that residual mono-, di- and triglycerides which remain in the biodiesels after transesterification processes have on their kinematic viscosities. Results obtained for biodiesel produced from various percentages of waste cooking oils and crude rapeseed oil blends were presented. Findings: Investigation during biodiesels production showed that the biggest impact on biodiesel kinematic viscosity have monoglycerides, diglycerides, and then at the end triglycerides. From these follows that kinematic viscosity of biodiesel is not a function only of the conversion (transesterification process) but also of the residual incompletely reacted glycerides which amount depend of the waste cooking oils percentage in raw material blends used for biodiesels production. Research limitations/implications: These presented results are the closed solution considering the used raw materials. Quality and chemical composition of the used waste cooking oils are quite different from each other, which affects the quality of the produced biodiesels. Because of that these results should be an indicator for the further testing and improvements to achieve optimization of transesterification process which can reduce the amount of the residual glycerides in the biodiesel. Practical implications: The results presented in the paper can be applied in the industry for estimation and selection of the optimal percentages of waste cooking oils and crude rapeseed oil blends for the biodiesel production. Originality/value: This paper presents research of the influence of residual glycerides on kinematic viscosity of biodiesels produced from the various waste cooking oils and crude rapeseed oil blends. Application of these research can leads to the better kinematic viscosity value of produced biodiesel with optimization of the transesterification process.
6
Content available remote The influence of methyl esters on viscosity of biodiesel from waste and rapeseed oil blends
Pomenić L., Jurac Z.
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
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2013
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Vol. 62, nr 2
73--77
EN
Purpose: The aim of this article is to present problems in the production of energy from the renewable resources as is a biodiesel production. The use of human foods that are pure edible oils for biodiesel production is big ethical problem. This problem can be reduced with use of waste cooking oils for the biodiesel production. Besides this use of the waste cooking oils will reduce the raw material cost and also reduce the environment pollution that is a global problem. Design/methodology/approach: This article includes analysis and estimation of the methyl esters impact to the kinematic viscosity of biodiesels produced from various percentages of waste cooking oils and crude rapeseed oil blends. One of the most important physical properties of biodiesel that affect its use value is kinematic viscosity properties which are directly dependent on the composition of raw materials. After the transesterification process mono-alkyl esters (biodiesel), glycerol (main co-product), alcohol, catalyst, free fatty acids, residual glycerides compose the final mixture of biodiesel production process. Some important issues on the biodiesel quality control involve the monitoring of transesterification process with the quantification of mono-alkyl esters. Findings: With an increase of methyl esters content the kinematic viscosity of produced biodiesels decreases for both waste cooking oils WCO1 and WCO2, used for biodiesel production in various blends with crude rapeseed oil. Practical implications: The results presented in the paper can be applied in the industry for estimation and selection of the optimal percentages of waste cooking oils and crude rapeseed oil blends for the biodiesel production. Originality/value: This paper presents research of the influence of methyl esters on kinematic viscosity of biodiesels produced from the various blends of waste cooking oils and crude rapeseed oil. The further testing and improvements in waste oils purification and in transesterification process can lead to the better yield in biodiesel production.
7
Content available Badanie zastosowania CaO przy transestryfikacji oleju rzepakowego do estrów wyższych kwasów tłuszczowych
Grygiel D., Komsta H.
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
|
2012
|
R. 19, nr 9
1309--1314, CD
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań zastosowania tlenku wapnia CaO jako katalizatora przy produkcji biodiesla. Z uwagi na to że stosowany najczęściej, w tym procesie, katalizator KOH jest relatywnie drogi, sprawdzono możliwość zastosowania kompozycji katalizatorów CaO+KOH w procesie transestryfikacji oleju rzepakowego. Wyniki badań wykazały wpływ CaO na jakość otrzymanego produktu.
EN
The paper presents the results of the research on the use of calcium oxide CaO as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production. Since the currently used catalyst KOH is relatively more expensive, the use of CaO+ KOH catalyst combination in the process of rapeseed oil transesterification process has been investigated. The results have confirmed the positive influence of the CaO+KOH combination on the quality of the product.
8
Content available Adaptive control algorithm of the field esterification plant
Duda K., Rozmarynowski Z., Chraplewska N.
Journal of KONES
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2012
|
Vol. 19, No. 4
163-171
EN
Biofuel production to power compression ignition engines on a small scale, using alkaline catalysts is not a difficult process. The problem could be the collection of excess alcohol, which is used during production in this conduct of process of biofuel. The authors attempted to develop the control algorithm of alcohol evaporation process, in the "field esterification plant" which is used to produce biofuels on demands for Department of Mechatronics and Information Technology Education Chair of University of Warmia and Mazury. The article describes the mobile installation used for the production of biofuels and requirements, which this installation should conform, working in a variety of conditions. The installation should work properly with different mixtures of components with different proportions of vegetable and animal fats mixed with methyl or ethyl alcohol. The algorithm controls the process in a way that it was possible to use of not only methyl alcohol, but also other alcohols, at variable temperature of refrigerant cooling excess alcohol vapours. The adaptive control algorithm of alcohol evaporation process improves the efficiency of system operation by reducing production time and decrease of electricity power and water (needed to cool the heat exchanger) consumption. Software upgrade also affects the quality of the obtained final product, as well as on the whole process.
9
Content available remote Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural products and industrial wastes
Kacprzak A., Krzystek L., Ledakowicz S.
Environment Protection Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 35, nr 3
215-224
EN
The directives from the European Union require member states to increase a renewable energy consumption and to reduce uncontrolled methane emissions. The main objective of the present investigations was to optimize the substrate combinations and the process conditions for maximum productivity of methane-rich biogas. The paper presents the result of co-fermentation of corn silage and whey together with glycerin fraction, the waste product of transestrification of oils (biodiesel production), in 25-dm3 bioreactor operating mesophically in semi-continuous mode. This allowed us to obtain a high productivity of methane-rich biogas, reaching 1.82 dm3/dm 3/day with methane content being 60-62%, the biogas yield of 2.04 dm3/g TS removed and 32% COD reduction.
10
Content available remote Instalacja biodiesla w Rafinerii Trzebinia
Berny D.
Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze
|
2005
|
R. 8, Nr 9 (89)
11-12
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