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Environmental Impact on Biodegradation Speed and Biodegradability of Polyethylene and Zea Mays Starch Blends

Abioye Abiodun A., Oluwadare Oreofe P., Abioye Oluwabunmi P., Obuekwe Chukwunonso C., Afolalu Adeniran S., Atanda Pethuel O., Fajobi Muyiwa A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 9

277--284

Several studies projected that by year 2025, 4.3 billion urban residents will be generating about 2.2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste per year, over 10% of which will be plastics. The landfills in Nigeria are uncontrolled and do not conform to the international standards of similar operations elsewhere in the world; this makes the disposal of synthetic polymers in the soil even more hazardous. Due to the availability and relative inexpensiveness of Zea mays in Nigeria, this study explores the use of this natural polymer, blended with low density polyethylene (LDPE) as an alternative to synthetic plastics. Biodegradability of the biopolymer blend was observed while buried in loamy sand soil with properties similar to the soil found in the general area of the study. The results showed that a polymer blend with 50% LDPE (50 CoS) by weight had the most uniform weight loss over the period of the study. Under the soil conditions given in the study, 50 CoS also had the steadiest rate of degradation. Hence 50% LDPE (wt.%) blended with Zea mays starch is the optimal ratio with regard to the degradability of biopolymer in loamy sand soil Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Microbial degradation of phenol by activated sludge in a batch reactor

Duan Z.

Environment Protection Engineering

2011

Vol. 37, nr 2

53-63

Biodegradation of phenol in a batch reactor was investigated using activated sludge. The sludge was able to degrade phenol of initial concentrations up to 1.500 mg/dm 3. The optimum temperature and pH for the reaction were determined in extensive tests. The optimum pH was around 6, whereas the temperature showed no significant impact on the biodegradation rates over the investigated conditions. This activated sludge degraded phenol at the maximum rate of 0.048 g phenol/(g VSSźh) at pH 6 and 30 °C, whereas inhibitory effects existed at concentrations higher than 100 mg/dm 3. The Haldane kinetic model was used to elucidate the kinetics of phenol degradation in an activated sludge. The kinetic parameters were estimated to be q max = 0.4695 g phenol/(g VSSźh), K 1 = 28.4860 mg/dm 3, and K s = 603.9869 mg/dm 3, with the correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.9599. The high q max value for phenol biodegradation shows that the activated sludge exhibited high resistance to phenol.