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Electroconductive polymers in (bio)chemical sensors

Pijanowska D. G., Kossakowska A., Torbicz W.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2011

Vol. 31, no. 4

43-57

In this paper, research concerning application of electroconducting polymers in biosensors is discussed. Selection of the electropolymers has been limited to those which monomers are water-soluble, such as: polypyrrole and polyaniline. In general, experiments concerning EP utilization in dehydrogenase based biosensors were divided in four stages: (I) incorporation of mediators as dopants of the EP's layer, (2) immobilization of cofactors e.g. NAD+/NADH, (3) immobilization of enzymes and (4) immobilization of all components: mediator, cofactor and enzyme. As a dopant of the PPy water-soluble electroactive compound ferrocyanide was used. Another EP, namely polyaniline was also tested as an electrode material for NADH detection based on its electrochemical oxidation. In the case of simultaneous immobilization of mediator, NAD, and ADH in the PPy layer, as a result of the ethanol oxidation, the oxidation peaks of the mediator become smaller whereas the oxidation peaks of PPy increase. In the analyzed EtOH concentration range (O - 2 mM), slope of calibration curve for the PPy oxidation peak was around 20 \miA/mM. In the case of PAn deposition on the platinum electrode, decrease of the oxidation potential for NADH by 0.4 V was observed.

Non-glass pH potentiometric sensors

Maj-Żurawska M., Hulanicki A.

Chemia Analityczna

2009

Vol. 54, No. 6

1149-1167

In the review the most important facts concerning the development of non-glass potentio-metric pll sensors has been presented. Among the discussed topics were metal and metal oxide electrodes, ion-selective field efTect transistors (ISFETs), conventional ionophore based pH electrodes, ionophore based pH electrodes with solid contact and enzyme biosensors based on pH electrodes. In these groups of sensors their main advantages and drawbacks were presented as well as some of their applications, in particular, in biomedical analysis. However, it should be remembered that in most cases the classical pH glass electrode is used as the ultimate reference.

Omówiono najważniejsze fakty związane z konstrukcją i używaniem nieszklanych potencjometrycznych czujników pH. Wśród omawianych czujników omówiono elektrody metal/ tlenek metalu, jonoselektywne tranzystory polowe, elektrody pH z jonoforem w układzie konwencjonalnym oraz stałym kontaktem jak również bioczujniki enzymatyczne konstruowane na elektrodach pH. W tych grupach czujników wykazano ich zalety i wady. a także niektóre zastosowania zwłaszcza w analizie biomedycznej. Należy też wskazać, że ostatecznym układem odniesienia pozostaje klasyczna szklana elektroda pehametryczna.