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Biomonitoring Jeziora Otmuchowskiego (południowo-zachodnia Polska) z wykorzystaniem sinic

Rajfur M., Rambau W., Jerz D., Kłos A.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2012

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Vol. 6, No. 2

593--600

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena możliwości wykorzystania sinic w biomonitoringu wód. Do badań wykorzystano cyanobacterie zebrane w strefie litoralnej Jeziora Otmuchowskiego (południowo-zachodnia Polska). W biocie metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (AAS) oznaczono stężenia: Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań dokonano wstępnej oceny zanieczyszczenia wód jeziora. Wartości stężeń metali ciężkich w sinicach porównano ze stężeniami tych metali w próbkach wody. Wyznaczone współczynniki biokoncentracji (BCF) wskazują na dobre właściwości akumulacyjne badanych cyanobacterii.

EN

The objective of our studies was to evaluate the applicability of selected cyanobacteria in water biomonitoring. The cyanobacteria collected in the littoral zone of the Otmuchowskie Lake (south-western Poland) were used in the studies. The concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined in the biota by means of the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Pollution of the lake water was preliminary assessed. Concentrations of the heavy metals in cyanobacteria were compared with these in water samples. The value of bioconcentration factor (BCF) shows good accumulation of metals in cyanobacteria.

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Influence of natural organic matter and metal accumulation in sediment on riverine macrobenthic assemblages

Dukowska M., Michałowicz J., Grzybkowska M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 2

351-362

EN

We have investigated trace metal accumulation in sediment and in insect larvae in a small lowland river, which is an ecosystem with a large load of organic allochthonous matter (leaf packs) due to its first stream order section running across forest as well as along the edge of a large city (anthropogenic enrichment). Two study sites of this reach are separated by recreation ponds. Mean annual discharge at the upstream site (BZA) was below 0.010 m3 s[^-1], while at downstream one (BZB) it increased to 0.037 m3 s[^-1], the latter flow highly fluctuating. Riverbed at BZA consisted of sand and cobbles, while at BZB of different fractions of sand (substrate inorganic index, SI, significantly lower). Beside benthic samples obtained at monthly intervals over a year, additional samples were collected three times over the year: in winter, late spring, and autumn from each site to get organisms (insect larvae) and sediment for metal analysis. Two species representing chironomids (Chironomus riparius and Prodiamesa olivacea) and one ephemeropterans (Ephemera danica) were selected for detailed analysis. Despite these three taxa being different in terms of morphology and/or physiology they belonged to the same functional feeding group, i.e. sediment feeders. We avoided species occurring in food chains in which sediment indirectly affected organisms. Correlations between metal concentrations in these aquatic organisms and their environments were recorded at the analysed sites. Higher index values of metal bioaccumulation (bioconcentration factor, BCF) by insects were obtained at the downstream site (BZB), with relatively low levels of toxicants. For example, 8.5 for Zn (in spring), 23.0 for Pb, 3.3 for Ni and 39.5 for Cd (last three values in autumn); each of them was characteristic for P. olivacea. In turn, for the ephemeropteran species E. danica the respective highest BCF values were: 4.8 for Cu (in spring) and 1.6 for Mn (in autumn). On the other hand, lower BCF indices we gained at the BZA site, where higher concentrations of metals in sediment were recorded; for example, 2.7 for Zn (in autumn, P. olivacea), 4.3 for Pb, 6.8 for Cd, 4.3 for Cu (each value in spring, C. riparius). An exception of this relation was 5.6 for Ni (C. riparius, in autumn), and 1.8 for Mn (C. riparius, in spring) where BCF reached higher values at BZA than at BZB. Note that C. riparius did not appear at BZA during the studied period. Despite this species. absence the above mentioned relation may testify to the ability of sediment feeders to regulate metal contaminant content in their tissues. It seems that natural organic load rather than low levels of metal toxicants decided about macroinvertebrate assemblages in the study river.

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Bioakumulacja metali ciężkich w roślinach wodnych na przykładzie moczarki kanadyjskiej (Elodea canadensis Michx.)

Rajfur M., Kłos A., Wacławek M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2010

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Vol. 4, No. 1

193--198

PL

Do oceny zanieczyszczenia ekosystemów wodnych metalami ciężkimi coraz częściej wykorzystuje się elementy bioty. Ze względu na możliwość akumulacji analitów w swoich strukturach stają się one dogodnymi próbnikami stanu środowiska, w którym bytują. Celem prezentowanych badań była ocena możliwości akumulacji metali ciężkich: Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd i Pb przez roślinę wodną Elodea canadensis Michx. w warunkach naturalnych. Wyniki zinterpretowano poprzez wyznaczenie współczynnika BCF (Bioconcentration factor). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że moczarka kanadyjska z powodzeniem może być wykorzystywana w biomonitoringu środowisk wodnych.

EN

To assess contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals, the components of biota are frequently used. Due to the analytes accumulation in their structures, they become excellent samplers of the environment pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate accumulation of heavy metals: Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb in the water plant Elodea canadensis Michx. under natural conditions. The results were interpreted using the bioconcentration factor BCF. The survey showed that Elodea canadensis can be successfully used in biomonitoring of aquatic environments.