Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Water quality assessment in the Bedadung River using self-purification optimisation and water quality allocation in Indonesia

Novita Elida, Setyono Prabang, Rini Titien Setiyo, Andriyani Idah, Pradana Hendra Andiananta, Verynikaningrum Verynikaningrum

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 61

71--78

EN

This research analyses the characteristics of pollution sources and evaluates the water quality of the Bedadung River at the Perumdam Tirta Pandalungan water intake, as a component of the municipal waterworks for the Jember Regency. Utilising self-purification optimisation with linear programming and the Indonesian water quality classification, the study unfolds in a systematic fashion. The research was broken down into the following stages: (1) analysis of the characteristics and distribution of pollution sources, (2) capacity determination using mass balance and the Streeter-Phelps method, and (3) optimisation of organic pollution sources. The input data for the study comprised biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), discharge, river profile, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The pollution source identification results around the Bedadung River segment showed that 13 wastewater monitoring points were dominated by domestic activities with quality (BOD) in the range 1.01–3.18 mg∙dm-3. This did not exceed the established domestic wastewater quality standards in Indonesia. The total pollution load capacity - BOD at the Perumdam Tirta Pandalungan water intake in the Sumbersari (T2) and Kaliwates (T3) segments was determined using self-purification optimisation and it exceeded class I designation standard for river water quality established by the Indonesian government. The maximum BOD value using self-purification optimisation in the Sumbersari (T2) segment was 11.44 mg∙dm-3 compared to 13.45 mg∙dm-3 in the Kaliwates (T3) segment. The maximum BOD for class I water quality is 2 mg∙dm-3. The class I water quality standard is thus more stringent in maintaining river water quality compared to self-purification.

2

Mathematical modelling by convection-diffusion with reaction of organic pollution in the wadi Mouillah stream, north-western Algeria

Benadda Lotfi, Djelita Belkheir, Chiboub-Fellah Abdelghani

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 54

26--37

EN

This work describes the behaviour of organic pollutants along the wadi Mouillah watercourse and its main tributaries and their impacts on the Hammam Boughrara dam, located in the NW of Algeria, in the Wilaya of Tlemcen. The use of a database relating to physico-chemical, biotic and hydrological variables, covering the period from January 2006 to December 2009, contributed to the understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of each variable. The application of a mathematical model of the diffusion by convection-dispersion with a reaction on two characteristic parameters of organic pollution, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) which records values above the norm, with peaks that can reach 614%, and total phosphorus (Ptot), which the concentration is always higher with maxima reaching 53 mg∙dm-3 favouring eutrophication; this made it possible with precision to synthesise the propagation of pollutants in the liquid mass. The results obtained on the waters of Wadi Mouillah are therefore of poor quality; there is a need to set up a rigorous water quality monitoring system, with water treatment and decontamination devices to preserve the water resources. This will allow to contribute to better management of water quality in terms of combating the spread of pollution. Therefore, they can be used to support decisions in the context of sustainable development.

3

Annual Variation in the Performance of Settat Wastewater Stabilization Ponds Located in Settat City, Morocco

Dyaa Abou-Tammame, Jihane Fathi, Abdelhamid Bouzidi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

153--164

EN

The wastewater treatment plant of Settat city uses the natural lagooning technology, which requires low maintenance cost and little technical expertise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of plant performance during two years of operation (2019 and 2020), as well as the safety of its treated wastewater for reuse in agricultural irrigation. The results of this study show that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) did not exceed the Moroccan standards for discharge. They also show a good stable pollutant load reduction with a mean of 86.44%, 86.89% and 74.61%, for BOD5, COD and SS, respectively. On the other hand, microbiological characterization classifies the treated wastewater as "B" quality water, because the fecal coliform numbers exceed the requirement for "A" quality (1000 CFU/100 ml).

4

Assessment of Lower Zab river water quality using both Canadian Water Quality Index Method and NSF Water Quality Index Method

Ahmed Sarah M., Taha Omer M.E., Najemalden Mohamed A., Ahmed Rehab T., Abedulwahab Ali A.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2020

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Vol. 29, No. 2

155--171

EN

Rivers are considered the most important sources of surface water on Earth. They are play a significant role in all human activities and the quality of river water is needed. Therefore, the importance of the water quality index is arising through providing data base about quality of the water source, and explain the change in the water quality over a period of time continually. This study involved determination of physicochemical and biological parameters of Lower Zab river in Kirkuk city at two different points. The objectives of the study are to assess the present water quality, through analysis of some selected water quality parameters like pH, TDS, BOD, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, EC, alkalinity, and salinity etc. and to compare the results with the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment and National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Indices. Raw water samples were collected from the Lower Zab river twice a month by one sample every 15 days from each station. The water quality data include 16 different parameters. Tests were carried out following the American Public Health Association standard methods. The results show that all parameters values were within the standards of drinking water proposed by the CCME standards and Iraqi standards or the World Health Organization standards for drinking purpose, except turbidity, DO, nitrate, calcium, which were mostly higher than the standards and sometimes BOD and potassium. The results of WQI showed that the water quality at LZ3 station is lower than LZ2 station due to the polluting activity of the Lower Zab river. Furthermore, for the years 2014, 2015, and 2016, the water quality was degraded due to the ISIS war. Also, it was noted in the 2013 year that the water quality degraded more in fall and winter seasons due to that the earth has exposed to the long-dried season and then suddenly exposed to a high rainfall season which in turns leads to increase some parameters very high (i.e. turbidity). Finally, the Lower Zab river water cannot be use for drinking directly. However, a pretreatment is needed before the drinking use.

5

The Analysis of the Amount of Pollutants in Wastewater after Mechanical Treatment in the Aspect of their Susceptibility to Biodegradation in the Treatment Plant in Nowy Targ

Nowobilska-Majewska Elwira, Bugajski Piotr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 8

135--143

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the biodegradability of organic and biogenic contaminants in wastewater flowing into biological reactors in the treatment plant in Nowy Targ. The research period covered the years 2016 and 2017, when 87 samples of raw wastewater and 87 samples of wastewater after mechanical treatment were collected and subjected to physico-chemical analysis. In both types of wastewater, the size of the following indicators was analyzed: BOD5, COD, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The study verified the amount of pollutants in the raw wastewater in order to determine whether they are household wastewater. In the next stage of the analysis, the characteristic values of the analyzed indicators in wastewater after the mechanical treatment process were determined in order to indicate mutual dependences of organic and biogenic indicators. Based on the analysis, it was found that wastewater after mechanical treatment (in the case of its susceptibility to biological decomposition processes of organic pollutants) has an unfavorable COD/BOD5 ratio. With regard to the susceptibility of wastewater to nitrification, denitrification and dephosphatation processes, in the majority of cases, wastewater is susceptible to these processes. It is recommended to apply an additional source of organic carbon to wastewater prior to biological treatment in order to improve the biodegradation of the analyzed pollutants.

6

Predictive Modelling for Characterisation of Organics in Pit Latrine Sludge from Unplanned Settlements in Cities of Malawi

Kalulu K., Thole B., Mkandawire T., Kululanga G.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 3

141--145

EN

The limited availability of data on faecal sludge characteristics remains one of the major challenges faced by developing countries in proper management of faecal sludge. In view of the limited financial resources and expertise in these developing countries, there is a need to come up with less-resource-intensive approaches for faecal sludge characterisation. Despite being used substantially in wastewater, there is limited evidence on the use of predictive modelling as a tool for cost-effective characterisation of faecal sludge. In this study, first order multiple linear regression modelling is investigated as a less-resource-intensive approach for accurate prediction of organics (biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand) in pit latrine sludge. The predictor variables explored in the modelling include pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, total volatile solids, fixed solids and moisture content. The modelling uses data collected from 80 latrines in unplanned settlements of four cities in Malawi. The study shows that it is possible to reliably predict chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand in pit latrine sludge using electrical conductivity and total solids, which require low levels of resources and expertise to determine.

7

Treatment processes based on the molecular weight distribution of textile dyeing wastewater

Yaman F. B., Çakmakci M., Karadag D., Özkaya B., Bali V., Dora B.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 2

147--158

EN

Rinsing wastewater from dyeing and bleaching processes in a cotton dyeing facility has been separately characterized to evaluate the suitable treatment processes and reuse options. Alternative treatment processes were proposed based on molecular weight distribution (MWD), ultraviolet absorbance of 254 nm (UV254) and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA). Rinsing wastewater samples were sequentially filtrated to determine the MWD of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total Keldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonium (NH4+). Bleaching rinsing wastewater had higher organic and nitrogen contents than dyeing rinsing wastewater and concentrations of pollutants decreased after each membrane filtration step. During the sequential filtration, BOD5/COD ratio in bleaching rinsing wastewater slightly decreased while it significantly increased in dyeing rinsing wastewater. SUVA values indicated that organic matters in the rinsing wastewaters have hydrophilic characteristics in all conditions. The evaluation of all experimental data indicates that combination of anaerobic treatment and NF membrane filtration could provide high quality water for reuse within the facility and discharge into receiving environments.

8

Assessing the impact of the turbulence of river flow on variations in the concentrations of nutrients

Bagdziunaite-Litvinaitiene L., Litvinaitis A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 3

81--91

EN

The fourth-order stream of the Baltic Sea has been analysed, which is a tributary which remained in the riverbed as a result of natural river stretches not corresponding to the status of good water quality. The authors examined separate river stretches representing maximum changes in the hydraulic gradient and investigated the dependence of variations in the concentrations of biogenic nutrients on river flow velocity, i.e., turbulence, defining it by the Reynolds criterion. The calculation of the coefficient of self-purification provides that the river flowing downstream is 100% self-purified and removes all nitrates and 61% of phosphates. The content of dissolved oxygen at the confluence of the river in spring was by 5.5% larger than that at the headwaters, whereas in the summer season, the difference in the content of dissolved oxygen in river water between the headwaters and confluence increased and made 25%. The conducted research has disclosed that the dynamics of river flow affects water quality, and therefore, for selecting monitoring places, land use structure or economic entities situated around the sampling point as well as the nature of the river flow itself must be considered.

9

Analysis of chosen models describing the changes in BOD5 in sewages

Siwiec T., Kiedryńska L., Abramowicz K., Rewicka A

Environment Protection Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 38, nr 2

61--76

EN

The paper presents a comparative analysis of five models describing the changes in BOD5 based on results of the experimental research. The model of Thomas (1950), Navone (1960), Fujimoto (1964), Adrian and Sanders (1992-1993) as well as Young and Clark (1965) used by Adrian and Sanders (1998) were studied. The values of BOD5 were measured for 5 days with the measurement step of 3 h in every sample out of 92. Therefore, each course of the variation was described by 40 measurement points. To define the influence of the processes of nitrification on the level of BOD5, each sample was examined with addition of an inhibitor of nitrification and without it. It was found that reaction constant did not depend on the final value of BOD in the models of the firstt order (Thomas, Navone and Fujimoto) contrary to the models of the second order (Young and Clark), and especially the half order (Adrian and Sanders). It is the easiest to define the lag phase of the time dependence BOD by the model of Thomas, which clearly depicts the border between the growth sequence of BOD and the initial fluctuations of the growth. The influence of the nitrification inhibitor on the course of the BOD was not noticed in all samples. It suggests that the process of nitrification occurred in a part of the samples almost from the first day and more often from the second or third day and in others this process did not occur in the whole measurement period (5 days) at all.

10

Low bod determination methods: the state-of-the-art

Górski Ł., Trzebuniak K.F., Malinowska E.

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 33, nr 4

629--637

EN

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important factor used to measure water pollution. This article reviews recent developments of microbial biosensors with respect to their applications for low BOD estimation. Four main methods to measure BOD using a biosensor are described: microbial fuel cells, optical methods, oxygen electrode based methods and mediator-based methods. Each of them is based on different principles, thus a different approach is required to improve the limit of detection. A proper choice of microorganisms used in the biosensor construction and/or sample pre-treatment processes is also essential to improve the BOD lower detection limit.

11

Wynik obserwacji mikroskopowych osadu czynnego a zmiany parametrów fizyko-chemicznych oznaczanych w oczyszczalni ścieków

Sołtysik D., Błaszczyk D., Bednarek I.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2011

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Nr 1

23-28

PL

W oparciu o wyniki badań pobieranych w okresie półtorarocznym (sierpień 2007-luty 2009) prób osadu czynnego pochodzącego z oczyszczalni „Wschód” w Łaziskach Górnych, podjęto odnalezienie zależności pomiędzy ilością obserwowanych mikroskopowo mikroorganizmów nitkowatych w osadzie a wartością indeksu osadu oraz zawiesin ogólnych i wartością BZT5 w ściekach oczyszczonych. Ponieważ proces puchnięcia osadu czynnego obserwowany był głównie w okresie zimowym analizowano także wpływ temperatury otoczenia i ścieków na ilość mikroorganizmów osadu czynnego. Potwierdzone metodami statystycznymi (test korelacji Pearsona oraz test korelacji rang Spearmana) istotne korelacje pomiędzy liczbą mikroorganizmów nitkowatych a wartościami indeksu osadu, BZT5 i zawiesin ogólnych potwierdziły zasadność i przydatność prowadzenia, obok badań fizyko-chemicznych, stałych badań mikroskopowych osadu czynnego.

EN

Based on results of the research of samples of activated sludge which come from the sewage treatment plant "Wschód" in Łaziska Górne (taken at the period a year and a half long: August 2007 - February 2009) they made an attempt finding the relation of filamentous micro-organisms between the amount observed microscopically in the sludge and with the index value of sludge and total suspensions and the BZT 5 value in wastewater cleaned. Since the process of swelling activated sludge was observed mainly in the winter period also an influence of the ambient temperature and sewers on the quantity of micro-organisms of activated sludge was being analysed. Confirmed with statistical methods (Pearson correlation test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) essential correlations between the number of filamentous micro-organisms and index values of activated sludge, BZT 5 and total suspensions confirmed the legitimacy and the usefulness of the lead, besides research of physicochemical, permanent microscopic tests of activated sludge.

12

Ocena przydatności materiałów zaszczepiających w oznaczaniu biochemicznego zapotrzebowania na tlen w ściekach

Wiejak A.

Prace Instytutu Techniki Budowlanej

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2010

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R. 39, nr 2

41-47

PL

Biochemiczne zapotrzebowanie tlenu (BZT) jest jednym z parametrów kontrolowanych podczas określania skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków przez małe domowe oczyszczalnie. W badaniach BZT5 należy wstępnie przygotować próbki ścieków do analizy i rozcieńczyć je w różnym stosunku wodą do rozcieńczeń wzbogaconą tlenem i zawierającą zaszczep mikroorganizmów pochodzący z wody do zaszczepień. Przedmiotem badań był dobór materiału do zaszczepień zapewniający właściwy przebieg procesów biochemicznego utleniania. W badaniach wykorzystano wody pochodzące ze źródeł naturalnych, ścieki surowe ze studzienki na terenie ITB oraz ścieki surowe i oczyszczone z małej domowej oczyszczalni ścieków zainstalowanej pod Sochaczewem.

EN

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is one of the parameters monitored during determination of effectiveness of small, household-based sewage treatment plants. In testing BOD5 procedure, the sevage samples, after initial preparation for analysis, are diluted in various proportion by dilution water, which is enriched with oxygen and also contains micro-organism seed coming from the seeding water. The subject of tests was to select the seeding materials, which would ensure the proper biochemical oxygenation process. The following samples were used during tests: water coming from natural springs, raw sewage taken from sewage well located in ITB premises, and raw sewage as well as treated sewage from a small, house-based sewage treatment plant near Sochaczew.

13

Ciągły monitoring biochemicznego zapotrzebowania tlenu (BZT) na wlocie współczesnej oczyszczalni ścieków

Zajączkowski J.

Forum Eksploatatora

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2007

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Nr 6 (33)

43-44

PL

Stopień automatyzacji oczyszczalni ścieków, podobnie jak ilość mierzonych parametrów fizykochemicznych wzrasta z każdym rokiem. Jest to wymuszone nie tylko rosnącymi wymogami odnośnie jakości wód odprowadzanych do środowiska naturalnego, ale także jednoczesnym dążeniem do zwiększenia efektywności ekonomicznej procesu oczyszczania ścieków. Dotyczy to w znacznej mierze procesów odbywających się z udziałem osadu czynnego - nitryfikacji, denitryfikacji i defosfatacji biologicznej. Wiedza na temat ładunku organicznego trafiającego do oczyszczalni ścieków jest jednym z istotnych parametrów pozwalających na optymalizację procesu w dalszej części oczyszczania biologicznego.