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Enzymatic activity in soil contaminated with the Aurora 40 WG herbicide

Baćmaga M., Boros E., Kucharski J., Wyszkowska J.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 38, nr 1

91-102

EN

Aurora 40 WG is a new generation herbicide for controlling dicotyledonous weeds. Its effect on the biochemical properties of soil has not been investigated to date. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with the Aurora 40 WG herbicide on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Soil samples with the granulometric composition of loamy sand and sandy clay loam were used in a pot experiment. The lowest herbicide dose was that recommended by the manufacturer, and the successive doses were 2-, 4- and 40-fold higher than the recommended dose. In selected treatments, soil was mixed with finely ground spring barley straw and basalt meal. The experiment was carried out for 50 days, in two series, in unsown soil and in soil sown with spring barley. Soil samples were analyzed on experimental day 25 and 50. The obtained results indicate that the Aurora 40 WG herbicide did not modify the enzymatic activity of soil. The biochemical activity of soil was largely determined by the date of analysis, the addition of barley straw and basalt meal, soil type and soil use. The investigated enzymes were marked by higher activity levels in sandy clay loam than in loamy sand. Barley sowing had a generally positive effect on the enzymatic activity of soil, excluding alkaline phosphatase whose activity was higher in unsown treatments. The addition of finely ground spring barley straw also enhanced the biochemical properties of soil, while no such effects were demonstrated by basalt meal.

2

Porównanie osadów czynnych z trzech różnych oczyszczalni ścieków województwa łódzkiego

Liwarska-Bizukojć E., Doniec I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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2011

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z. 58, nr 4

145-156

PL

W pracy porównano zdolności sedymentacyjne, aktywność biochemiczną, morfologię i skład mikrobiologiczny trzech osadów czynnych pochodzących z różnych oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych województwa łódzkiego. Skoncentrowano się głównie na sprawdzeniu, czy istnieją zależności między morfologią kłaczków osadu a właściwościami sedymentacyjnymi badanych osadów czynnych. Osad czynny pobierano z części aerobowej ciągu biologicznego oczyszczalni ścieków. Do oceny morfologii kłaczków osadu czynnego wykorzystano cyfrową analizę obrazu, a aktywność biochemiczną oceniono na podstawie aktywności dehydrogenaz. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły brak związku między aktywnością biochemiczną osadów a zdolnościami sedymentacyjnymi. Istnieje natomiast zależność między wielkością kłaczków a zdolnościami sedymentacyjnymi osadu czynnego, jak również między liczbą bakterii nitkowych a zdolnościami sedymentacyjnymi osadu czynnego. Silne rozdrobnienie kłaczków i dominacja kłaczków o średnicy poniżej 100 mikrometrów przyczyniają się do pogorszenia zdolności sedymentacyjnych osadu czynnego. Przedstawione w pracy wyniki badań, jak rownież wcześniejsze prace badawcze wskazują, że liczba obiektów na obrazie może być uzupełniającym, w stosunku do średnicy kłaczków, wskaźnikiem zdolności sedymentacyjnych osadu czynnego.

EN

In this work biochemical activity, morphology, microbiological composition and sedimentary properties of three activated sludges taken from various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Lodz voivodship were compared. The work focused on seeking for the correlation between morphology of activated sludge flocs and their sedimentary properties. Activated sludge was taken from the aeration chamber of WWTP. Digital image analysis was applied in order to measure the morphological parameters of activated sludge flocs. Biochemical activity was estimated on the basis of dehydrogenase activity of sludge microorganisms. The obtained results confirmed that there was no dependence between dehydrogenase activity and sedimentary properties of activated sludge. At the same time the correlations between the size of sludge flocs and sedimentary properties as well as between the number of filamentous bacteria and sedimentary properties exist. The significant disintegration of flocs and domination of flocs, whose diameter do not exceed 100 micrometer contribute to the deterioration of sedimentary properties of sludge. The results of this work and previously obtained data indicate that the number of objects per image can be a supplementary indicator of sedimentary properties apart from flocs diameter.

3

Physiological and biochemical activity of spring wheat (Triticum vulgare) under the conditions of stress caused by cadmium

Malinowska K., Smolik B.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 37, nr 1

73-81

EN

The effect of cadmium on physiological and biochemical activity of spring wheat cv. Alba was studied within the concentrations of 0.025-5 mM. The content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, the intensity of assimilation of CO 2 and transpiration as well as the activity of catalase, Peroxydase, superoxide dismutase in the phase of two cotyledones and in the phase of shooting in wheat were determined. The applied doses of cadmium significantly decreased the content of determined assimilation dyes, reduced the intensity of assimilation of CO2 and transpiration and caused an increase in the index of use of water in the photosynthesis in all the studied growth phases of spring wheat. A clear stimulating influence of the applied doses of cadmium on the activity of catalase, peroksydase and superoxide dismutase in spring wheat was noticed.