Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Warunki pirolizy a właściwości fizyczno-chemiczne biowęgla pochodzenia roślinnego

Wolański Błażej, Świechowski Kacper, Kierzek Krzysztof, Opaliński Sebastian

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 4

541--544

PL

Biowęgiel (BC) od 2013 r. jest legalnym dodatkiem paszowym na terenie Unii Europejskiej. W dostępnej literaturze są przykłady badań dotyczących wykorzystania BC w żywieniu zwierząt, ale brak dokładnej charakterystyki zastosowanych biowęgli, obejmującej takie parametry, jak powierzchnia właściwa i wielkość porów, kluczowych, biorąc pod uwagę mechanizm wiązania toksyn przez BC. Przedstawiono charakterystyki BC otrzymanych ze słomy pszennej (SP) i zrębków drewna bukowo-dębowego (DBD). BC zostały wytworzone w procesie pirolizy w temp. 600°C i 900°C. W biowęglach uzyskanych ze słomy pszennej oraz zrębków drewna bukowo-dębowego dominowały pory o szerokości 0,6-1,8 nm (adsorbenty mikroporowate), a powierzchnia właściwa (metoda BET) wynosiła 267-578 m²/g.

EN

Beech and oak wood chips and wheat straw were pyrolyzed at 600 or 900°C. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were detd. for the obtained biochars. The BET and QSDFT methods were used to det. the porosity parameters (sp. surface area, vol. and pore width). As the pyrolysis temp. increased, the sp. surface area of biochars increased significantly, regardless of the adsorption model used (BET or QSDFT). The obtained biochars were dominated by micropores (0.6-1.8 nm) and specific surface areas (BET method) was ranging from 267 to 578 m²/g. Anal. of the properties of biochars showed that the results obtained using these measurement methods differed.

2

Badanie właściwości energetycznych biowęgli z odpadowej biomasy roślinnej za pomocą różnicowej kalorymetrii skaningowej

Molenda Jarosław, Drabik Jolanta

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 4

525--528

PL

Przeprowadzono pirolizę czterech surowców biomasy roślinnej: słomy pszenicznej, paździerzy lnianych, odpadów kukurydzianych i pestek wiśni, w atmosferze CO₂ i w trybie kaskadowego wzrostu temperatury, aż do osiągnięcia 500°C. Do oceny otrzymanych biowęgli zastosowano analizę termograwimetryczną i różnicową kalorymetrię skaningową (DSC). Wyznaczono ubytek masy oraz temperaturę i wielkość efektów cieplnych zachodzących podczas ogrzewania w warunkach utleniających. Wynikiem analiz była ocena efektów cieplnych zachodzących pod wpływem utleniania biowęgli, która potwierdziła możliwość stosowania techniki DSC do oceny ich właściwości energetycznych.

EN

Wheat straw, flax shives, corn waste or cherry pits were pyrolyzed in a CO₂ atmosphere in a cascading temp. increase mode until 500°C was reached. TG anal. and DSC were used to evaluate the obtained biochars. The mass loss, temp. and the magnitude of thermal effects occurring during heating under oxidizing conditions were detd.

3

Combustion characteristics of biochar from food processing waste

Kluska Jacek, Ramotowski Jakub

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2024

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Vol. 45, no 1

45--51

EN

This work examines biochar from carbonization of grape waste, and oat and buckwheat husks at 450ºC. The main aspects of the work concern the analysis of the fixed carbon and ash content in accordance with the European Standard. Obtained results showed that biochar from oat and buckwheat husk can be used for barbeque charcoal and barbeque charcoal briquettes production, whereas biochar derived from grape waste can be used for the charcoal briquettes production. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that biochar from grape stalk is characterized by the highest ignition and burnout performance, but in relation to the remaining samples, combustion process occurs in a narrow range of time and temperature. Obtained results showed that biochar from oat and buckwheat husks has properties, as well as combustion stability and reactivity, similar to commercial charcoal.

4

Comment On Energy-Efficient Alternative for Different Types of Traditional Soil Binders

Jangde Himanshu, Khan Farhan

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2023

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Vol. 45, nr 1

72--87

EN

Due to urban sprawl, the demand for land has increased for the purpose of construction. It is unlikely that soil available at different construction sites will be suitable for designed structures. For improving the load-bearing capacity of the soil, different soil binders are used, which are present in distinct states. In this review, the authors have collected details about various binders, which are generally used in the soil stabilization, and their effect as a binding agent on the soil. In this article, the authors tried to review different traditional binders. After studying various research articles, the authors found that lime, ground-granulated blast slag (GGBS) polypropylene, polyurethane grouting, and asphalt mix are frequently used binders. However, the authors also gathered information about the negative environmental impact of these traditional soil binders, which led to the need for alternatives to these commonly used soil binders. To diminish this issue, different alternate hydraulic and non-hydraulic binders are discussed. The authors found alternatives to cement and lime with the alkali-activated material consisting of Na2O and silica modulus and belite-calcium sulfoaluminate ferrite, which is also known as "Aether™." According to the research, both alternatives emit 20–30% less CO2 into the environment and also improve the compressive strength of the soil. The various studies promotes bitumen modification. Incorporating 20-mesh crumb rubber and bio-oil into the bitumen reduces its viscosity and improves its fatigue value. When waste oil is mixed with asphalt, it revitalizes the bitumen, improves fatigue resistance, and increases compressive strength. The soil particles treated by Eko soil are held together by enzymes, which give them the same strength as cement. Apart from that, low-carbon binders such as basic oxygen furnace slag, bamboo fiber, enzyme-based soil treatment, zebu manure for stabilization, and lignin-contained biofuels and coproducts are discussed. Replacing these traditional binders helps with energy savings. All waste products are recycled, and energy is saved by not manufacturing traditional binders. Additionally, energy is saved, which is required to avoid the detrimental effects of these conventional binders, making them energy-efficient alternate binders. The authors also summarize the methods used, impacts, and changes that occur in soil properties after using substitutes in place of traditional binders. From the review, the authors determined that different binders have various properties in terms of chemical and physical compositions, and they show different variations in terms of strength when added to soil with low bearing capacity or poor stability.

5

Assessment of the possibility of using biochar from tomato green parts for energy purposes

Romankiewicz Bryan, Reguła Michał, Różański Rafał, Rodak Aleksander, Jajczyk Mateusz, Szarek Magdalena, Gaze Błażej, Knutel Bernard, Wojtko Paulina, Kawa Krzysztof

Rynek Energii

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2023

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Nr 2

75--82

EN

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the possibility of using the biochar from tomato haulm produced in the process of high-pressure pyrolysis for energy purposes. The research was carried out in laboratory conditions. For research purposes, four pressure and three temperature ranges have been adopted for research purposes. The experiments were carried out in 3 replications. In order to analyze the changes occurring in the material during the pyrolysis process, a physicochemical analysis was carried out consisting of technical analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter content, calorific value) and elemental composition analysis (C, H, N, S content). The low-temperature pyrolysis process caused an increase in the carbon content in the tested material from 39% to a maximum of 50%, which also translated into an increase in lower calorific value from 14.52 to 23.31 MJ‧kg-1. Furthermore, the increase of this parameter was also correlated with the decrease in the moisture content of the material. Due to the constantly growing prices of fuels and waste management, this analysis may be helpful for agri-food producers looking for savings and using residual matter in an alternative way.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy możliwości wykorzystania do celów energetycznych biowęgla z łętów pomidorowych, powstałego w procesie pirolizy wysokociśnieniowej. Badania przeprowadzono v warunkach laboratoryjnych. Do celów badawczych przyjęto cztery zakresy ciśnień i trzy zakresy temperatur. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono w 3 powtórzeniach. W celu przeanalizowania zmian zachodzących w materiale podczas procesu pirolizy przeprowadzono analizę fizykochemiczną składającą się z analizy technicznej (zawartość wilgoci, popiołu, części lotnej, wartość opałowa) oraz składu pierwiastkowego (zawartość C, H, N, S). Proces pirolizy niskotemperaturowej spowodował wzrost zawartości węgla w badanym materiale od 39% do maksymalnie 50%, co przełożyło się również na wzrost wartości opałowej z 14,52 do 23,31 MJ·kg·'. Ponadto wzrost tego parametru był również skorelowany ze spadkiem wilgotności materiału. Ze względu na stale rosnące ceny paliw i konieczność zagospodarowania odpadów analiza ta może być pomocna dla producentów rolnospożywczych poszukujących oszczędności i alternatywnego wykorzystania pozostałości.

6

Badania nad przygotowaniem nowego ekologicznego granulatu ceramicznego dla budownictwa

Wang Yifei

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 8

795--798

PL

Poferment z fermentacji biomasy (DR) i popiół lotny (FA) zmieszano z biowęglem z osadów ściekowych (SSC) w stosunku 10:10:80 i spiekano w temp. 1050°C. Produkt został zgranulowany z przeznaczeniem na materiały budowlane i przetestowany zgodnie z chińskimi normami krajowymi. Wszystkie wskaźniki jakości granulatu spełniły wymagania chińskich norm krajowych dla granulatu budowlanego. Wskaźnik potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego związanego z obecnością metali ciężkich był niski, a produkt był bezpieczny.

EN

Biomass fermentation digestate and fly ash were mixed with sludge biochar in the ratio of 10:10:80 and sintered at 1050°C. The product was pelletized to building materials and tested according to China national stds. All the qual. indicators of the pellets met the requirements of the China national stds. for construction pellets. The potential ecol. risk index of heavy metals was low, and the product was safe.

7

Analiza składu pierwiastkowego biowęgla z wykorzystaniem spektrometrii ICP-OES i metod chemometrycznych

Kozak Marek

Nafta-Gaz

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2023

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R. 79, nr 9

611--617

PL

W pracy wykonano oznaczenia 20 pierwiastków w próbkach karbonizatów otrzymanych w wyniku pirolizy biomasy stałej pochodzenia roślinnego oraz próbki osadów ściekowych – biomasy stanowiącej uboczny produkt procesu oczyszczania ścieków. Najniższe stężenia pierwiastków oznaczono w karbonizatach biomasy roślinnej otrzymanych z trocin sosnowych, natomiast najwyższe w próbkach karbonizatów osadów ściekowych. Ten ostatni rodzaj odpadów z procesu oczyszczania ścieków zawierał największe stężenia takich składników mineralnych jak: wapień, magnez, żelazo, siarka i fosfor, lecz także metali ciężkich: chromu, miedzi, niklu, molibdenu, ołowiu, wanadu i cynku. W karbonizatach otrzymanych z materiału roślinnego w najwyższych stężeniach oznaczono: potas, wapń, magnez i fosfor – makroelementy niezbędne do prawidłowego zachowania funkcji życiowych roślin. W celu określenia prawidłowości oraz relacji występujących pomiędzy danymi pomiarowymi zastosowano metody chemometryczne. W badaniach wykorzystano analizę wiązkową (ang. cluster analysis), tzn. metodę grupowania badanych próbek w taki sposób, aby obiekty podobne znajdowały się w tej samej grupie. W wyniku przeprowadzenia obliczeń otrzymano cztery skupienia. Dla każdego skupienia obliczono średnie stężenia pierwiastków wchodzących w jego skład oraz sumaryczne stężenie oznaczanych pierwiastków. Skupienia te to dwa składające się z próbek jednego rodzaju i pozostałe dwa, z których każde zawierało dwie różnego rodzaju próbki. Zaobserwowano, że w przypadku próbek biomasy roślinnej (skorupy orzechów włoskich), dla których zastosowano dwa odmienne sposoby ogrzewania, próbki tego samego rodzaju zostały zaklasyfikowane do różnych skupień: pierwszego – po ogrzewaniu tradycyjnym i drugiego – po ogrzewaniu mikrofalowym. W warunkach prowadzenia procesu pirolizy z wykorzystaniem ogrzewania mikrofalowego oznaczono badane pierwiastki w stężeniach 2–4 razy wyższych, niż gdy proces był prowadzony w tej samej temperaturze, ale z użyciem ogrzewania tradycyjnego.

EN

In this work, 20 elements were determined in samples of carbonizates obtained as a result of pyrolysis of solid biomass of plant origin as well as samples of sewage sludge, a by-product of the sewage treatment process. The lowest concentrations of elements were determined in plant biomass chars obtained from pine sawdust, whereas the highest ones in the samples of sewage sludge chars. The latter type of waste from wastewater treatment process contained the highest concentrations of such minerals as: calcium, magnesium, iron, sulfur and phosphorus, but also heavy metals: chromium, copper, nickel, molybdenum, lead, vanadium and zinc. In the pyrolysis chars obtained from plant material, the following macroelements: potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, necessary for the proper maintenance of plant vital functions, were determined at the highest concentrations. Chemometric methods were employed to determine the regularities and relationships between the measurement data. Cluster analysis, a method of grouping the tested samples in such a way that similar objects are in the same group, was used for the study. As a result of the calculations, four clusters were obtained. For each cluster, the average concentrations of the constituent elements and the total concentration of the determined elements were calculated. Among these clusters were two, consisting of samples of one type and the other two, each containing two different types of samples. It was observed that for samples of plant biomass (walnut shells) for which two different types of heating methods were used, samples of the same type were classified into different clusters: the first (traditional heating) and the second (microwave heating). Under the conditions of the pyrolysis process with the use of microwave heating, the concentrations of the tested elements were determined 2–4 times higher than when the process was carried out at the same temperature, but with the use of traditional heating.

8

Water De-Chlorination by Non-Modified and Modified Biochar Derived from Date Palm

Alfaiz Sundus Khaleel, Yaseen Dina Ali, Alawadi Wisam A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

377--387

EN

The present study investigates the reduction of free residual chlorine (FC) from aqueous solution using non-modified biochar (NM-B) and chemically modified biochar (M-B) derived from date palms. The role of biochar dose, biochar particle size, reaction time, solution pH, and initial concentration of FC on adsorption efficiency were assessed. The optimum contact time for higher FC uptake was reached after 20 min using NM-B and 8 min using M-B, with a biochar dose of 10 g/L. The optimum pH values and biochar size for higher FC adsorption were 4 and 0.6 mm, respectively. Higher removal was reached at 88% using NM-B and 96% using M-B. The pseudo-second-order model matched well with the kinetic outcomes. Langmuir isotherm was fitted well with the equilibrium results of FC uptake on NM-B and M-B, with regression coefficient (R2) values of 0.98 and 0.998, in that order. The separation parameter was within the limits of favorable adsorption of FC by both biochars. The higher uptake capacity (0.215 mg/g) was linked with the M-B, indicating that chemical modification of biochar was successful in increasing FC uptake from aqueous solutions. This study confirmed that utilizing biochar derived from date palms for FC removal is a very beneficial and cost-effective solution, especially in the countries that are considered the largest date producer in the world.

9

Preparing Shrimp Shell-Derived Chitosan with Rice Husk-Derived Biochar for Efficient Safranin O Removal from Aqueous Solution

Phuong Do Thi My, Thao Nguyen Thi Thanh, Loc Nguyen Xuan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

248--259

EN

In this study, the shrimp shell-derived chitosan was coated onto rice husk-derived biochar to form chitosan/biochar bio-composite beads. The physicochemical properties of biochar (BC) and chitosan/biochar beads (CS@BC) were characterized by BET, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and pHpzc analyses, which were then tested for their capacity to remove Safranin O (SO) from water. In kinetics, the pseudo-second-order model was found to well represent experimental data, indicating the adsorption was mainly a chemical process. The intra-particle diffusion model was not the sole rate-limiting step, because the results did not pass through the origin. In isotherms, both the Langmuir and Freundlich models described well the equilibrium adsorption data. The CS@BC adsorbent showed adsorption capacity at 77.94 mg/g for SO, which is higher than BC adsorbent with 62.25 mg/g (experimental conditions: pH ~ 7.0, dosage = 0.2 g, contact time = 240 min, and temperature = 298 K). The findings revealed that the biochar-loaded chitosan can improve the adsorption capacity of SO. It is predicted that the enhancement in the functional groups (i.e., -NH2 and -OH groups) of CS@BC could contribute to the electrostatic interactions and the complexation between SO and CS@BC, thereby enhancing the Safranin O adsorption from water.

10

Impact of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Removal of Nutrients Using Coarse Rice-Husk Biochar

Edwin Tivany, Mera Mas, Komala Puti Sri, Zulkarnaini

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

247--257

EN

Biochar is a known potential for nutrient removal in wastewater. This study focuses on the adsorption of rice-husk biochar to remove nutrients in the form of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in the wastewater. Two types of biochar production were used: laboratory-made biochar with variations of pyrolysis temperature and biochar made traditionally by local people. The results showed pyrolysis temperature influence the sorption capacity of nitrate and phosphate. The best nitrate sorption capacity using biochar made with low pyrolysis temperature, whereas the best phosphate sorption capacity using biochar made with high pyrolysis temperature. While the best ammonium sorption capacity by biochar made traditionally. The use of biochar with a coarse form shows nutrient sorption ability that is not inferior to the powder form compared to the other research. The use of coarse biochar forms can be selected if the powder form is impractical for field applications. The utilization of biochar variations can be selected according to the dominant nutrient removal needs in the field.

11

Development of the Horizontal Flow Wetland Using Palm Waste Biochar for Greywater Reclamation

Aylan Rana A., Al-Abbawy Dunya A. H., Yaseen Dina A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

236--249

EN

Wetlands technology is one of the main sustainable and successful treatment processes. Similarly, biochar is an organic, effective, and low-cost adsorbent material used for the treatment of diverse wastewaters. The combination between wetland system and biochar, as a media, can greatly enhance the treatment efficiency. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of two horizontal flow constructed wetlands planted with Bacopa monnieri L. for the treatment of household greywater. The objectives were to investigate the raw and treated greywater characteristics, compare the removal efficiency of pollutants by using gravel bed, and biochar-gravel bed, monitor the growth and survival of the plants. Findings indicated that the simulated treatment systems were able to improve all the greywater characteristics. The wetland with biochar enhanced the removal efficiency of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia (NH3), and other parameters compared with the wetland with gravels alone.

12

Content of Heavy Metals in Various Biochar and Assessment Environmental Risk

Kujawska Justyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 8

287--295

EN

Biochar is a product of biomass pyrolysis and has a number of environmentally beneficial uses, but it can also pose risks if not managed properly. These risks are mainly due to the chemical structure of biochar, the content of heavy metals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mobility and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochar produced from plant biomass (BB), municipal solid waste (MSW), compost (C) and coal refuse (CR). Pollution indices were calculated: geo-accumulation index (GAI), ecological risk (Eri), the underlying ecological risk caused by the total pollution (PERI). The total heavy metal concentration is variable and depends on the type of biochar. The results indicate that there is a high risk of cadmium pollution in the environment. The underlying ecological risk caused by the total pollution values indicated that biochar from coal waste was the highest. The results obtained show the importance of mobility analysis in assessing the potential for natural use of biochar.

13

Analysis of the Use of Biochar from Organic Waste Pyrolysis in Agriculture and Environmental Protection

Niedziński Tomasz, Łabętowicz Jan, Stępień Wojciech, Pęczek Tadeusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

85--98

EN

Nowadays, research on the use of pyrolysis products in the broadly understood economy is widely conducted in the world. This publication presents the results of research on the use of biochar primarily as a material for use in agriculture and environmental protection. In particular, its use to improve soil properties and as a component of organic fertilisers or composts, as well as an ingredient for animal bedding in livestock buildings or an additive for silage is discussed. In addition, the possibilities of using biochar in the energy sector as a solid fuel and in the broader field of environmental protection for remediation of contaminated land, for carbon sequestration and as a raw material for the production of activated carbons are discussed.

14

Porównanie skuteczności usuwania WWA ze środowiska wodnego z wykorzystaniem biowęgli

Rosińska Agata

Instal

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2023

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nr 10

38--43

PL

Celem badań było porównanie skuteczności usuwania WWA ze środowiska wodnego w wyniku sorpcji na biowęglach otrzymanych z pomiotu kurzego oraz komunalnych osadów ściekowych. Proces sorpcji prowadzono dla dawek biowęgli 50 i 100 mg/l. Dla każdej dawki biowęgla czas kontaktu z WWA wynosił 90 i 120 minut. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano dla dawki biowęgla 100 mg/l i czasu kontaktu 120 minut. Dla biowęgla z pomiotu kurzego i z osadu ściekowego stężenie benzo(a)pirenu obniżyło się odpowiednio o 87,2 i 78,7% natomiast dla czterech WWA normowanych w wodzie przeznaczonej do spożycia sumaryczne stężenie obniżyło się odpowiednio o 83,5 i 80,2%. Dla pozostałych WWA większą sorpcję zaobserwowano dla dibenzo(a,h)antracenu, stężenie tego związku obniżyło się o 83,2%. Najmniejsze zmiany wykazano dla naftalenu, którego stężenie zmniejszyło się o 68,5%. Nie wykazano istotnych statystycznie różnic pomiędzy sorpcją na biowęglu z pomiotu kurzego i osadu ściekowego.

EN

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of removing PAHs from the aquatic environment as a result of adsorption on biochars obtained from chicken manure and municipal sewage sludge. The sorption process was carried out for doses of biochars of 50 and 100 mg/L. For each dose of biochar, the contact time with PAHs was 90 and 120 minutes. The best results were obtained for a biochar dose of 100 mg/L and a contact time of 120 minutes. For biochar from chicken manure and sewage sludge, the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene decreased by 87.2 and 78.7%, respectively, while for four PAHs standardized in drinking water, the total concentration decreased by 83.5 and 80.2%, respectively. For the remaining PAHs, higher sorption was observed for dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, the concentration of this compound decreased by 83.2%. The smallest changes were shown for naphthalene, the concentration of which decreased by 68.5%. There were no statistically significant differences between sorption on biochar from chicken manure and sewage sludge.

15

Potencjał biowęgla z biomasy odpadowej - studium przypadku województwa wielkopolskiego

Chwałek Agnieszka, Rolewicz-Kalińska Anna

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2023

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Nr 4

23--26

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza możliwości pozyskania biowęgla z biomasy odpadowej w województwie wielkopolskim. Na podstawie zidentyfikowanych zasobów substratów, będących potencjalnym źródłem produkcji biowęgla (zasoby leśne, rolne, pozostałości z produkcji roślinnej i hodowli zwierzęcej oraz bioodpady dla województwa wielkopolskiego) sporządzono teoretyczny bilans ilościowo-jakościowy, przedstawiający potencjał wykorzystania biowęgla dla tego województwa. Zaprezentowany w artykule bilans na terenie Wielkopolski przedstawił biomasę możliwą do zagospodarowania na cele biowęgla, w około 4 376 270 [ton/rok], w tym największą produktywność osiągnęła biomasa pochodzenia zwierzęcego w ilości około 3 989 401 [ton/rok]. Na podstawie danych literaturowych wyznaczono powolną pirolizę, jako najefektywniejszą technologie obróbki surowców na biowęgiel.

EN

The aim of this article is to analyze the possibilities of biochar from waste biomass in the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. Based on the identified resources of substrates that are a potential source of biochar production (forest resources, agricultural resources, residues from plant production and animal husbandry, and bio-waste for the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship), a theoretical quantitative and qualitative balance was prepared showing the potential of biochar use for this voivodeship. The analysis presented in the paper showed the biomass possible to be used for biochar purposes in the amount of about 4 288 989 [t/year], of which the highest productivity was achieved by biomass of animal origin in the amount of about 3,989,401 [t/year]. In addition, based on literature data, slow pyrolysis was determined as the most effective technology for processing raw materials for biochar.

16

Zagospodarowanie materiałów odpadowych z przemysłu spożywczego jako paliw do zasilania stałotlenkowych ogniw paliwowych

Adamczyk Bartosz, Dudek Magdalena, Raźniak Andrzej

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 12

1136--1142

PL

Przedstawiono wykorzystanie biowęgli otrzymanych z łupin kokosa, orzecha laskowego, zużytych ziaren kawy lub liści herbaty do zasilania stałotlenkowych ogniw paliwowych (SOFC). Na podstawie badań elektrochemicznych stwierdzono, że zastosowanie karbonizatów węglowych otrzymanych z łupin orzecha kokosowego lub orzecha laskowego jako paliw stałych dla SOFC pozwoliło na otrzymanie gęstości mocy P w zakresie 90-110 mW/cm³, w temp. 850°C. Dla wodorowo-tlenowego ogniwa SOFC, gęstość mocy P wynosiła ~210 mW/cm² w temp. 850°C.

EN

Four biochars obtained by pyrolysis of waste plant materials (coconut shell, hazelnut shell, and coffee or tea brewing residues) were used to power the solid oxide fuel cells. The crystal structure of the obtained biochar was examd. by means of XRD diffraction anal., Raman spectroscopy and SEM. The elemental compn. of biochar was also detd. On the basis of electrochem. tests, it was found that the use of chars obtained from coconut or hazelnut shells as solid fuels for solid oxide fuel cells, SOFC, allowed to obtain the power d. P in the range of 90-110 mW/cm² at 850°C. For a hydrogen-oxygen SOFC, the power d. P was ~210 mW/cm² at 850°C.

17

Wpływ pirolizy niskotemperaturowej na parametry paliwowe biomasy drzew tlenowych (oxytree)

Landrat Marcin, Lewandowski Max

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 11

1003--1006

PL

Drzewa tlenowe, popularnie zwane oxytree, to rośliny o wyjątkowo szybkim tempie wzrostu. Plantacje tych drzew są zakładane w celu uzyskania wysokiej jakości drewna użytkowego. Produkcja drewna oxytree generuje odpady w postaci gałęzi i trocin, które stanowią ok. 30% masy całego drzewa. Przedstawiono porównanie potencjału paliwowego surowych gałęzi drzew oxytree i biokarbonizatu otrzymanego z nich w procesie niskotemperaturowej pirolizy. Oznaczono podstawowe właściwości biopaliw, w tym skład pierwiastkowy trzech rodzajów biomasy pozyskiwanej z gałęzi różniących się wiekiem i stopniem zdrewnienia oraz wyprodukowanego z nich karbonizatu. Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz wraz z parametrami mierzonymi w procesie karbonizacji pozwoliły na oszacowanie potencjalnych korzyści z poddania biomasy procesowi odgazowania, a także porównanie właściwości otrzymanego biowęgla z innymi rodzajami biomasy i biopaliwa.

EN

The content of C, H, S, Cl, N, ash, moisture and volatile parts, as well as the heat of combustion and calorific value of raw branches of oxytree trees differing in age and degree of lignification, and the obtained biochar were examd. A comparison of the fuel potential of raw branches of oxytree trees and biochar was presented. The benefits of subjecting the biomass to the degassing process were assessed and the properties of the obtained biochar were compared with other types of biomass and biofuel.

18

Badanie zawartości pochodnych furanu w biowęglach otrzymanych przez pirolizę odpadów roślinnych

Molenda Jarosław, Kaźmierczak Bernadetta

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2022

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T. 101, nr 7

465--469

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości związków furanowych w biowęglach otrzymanych w wyniku pirolizy biomasy (słoma pszenna, pestki wiśni, słoma lniana i odpady kukurydziane) przeprowadzonej w różnych warunkach termicznych. Zawartość związków furanowych oznaczano w acetronitrylowych ekstraktach z biowęgli za pomocą HPLC z detekcją UV. Stwierdzono, że przy zastosowaniu wyższych temperatur pirolizy (kaskada z maksymalną temp. 700°C) zawartość 2-furfuralu w biowęglach była mniejsza. Rodzaj biomasy wpływał na obecność 2-furfuralu, największą jego zawartość oznaczono w biowęglach ze słomy pszennej, a najmniejszą w biowęglach z pestek wiśni. W biowęglu z pirolizy pestek wiśni prowadzonej w temp. 700°C nie stwierdzono obecności 2-furfuralu.

EN

Four types of plant waste (wheat straw, flax straw, corn waste and cherry stones) were pyrolyzed at different temp. profiles in the range of 20-500°C and 20-700°C. The obtained biochars were extd. with MeCN and the content of furan derivs. in the exts. was detd. by HPLC. In biochars obtained at the temp. of 20-700°C, the amt. of furan compds. was much lower than at 20–500°C. No furan derivs. were found in the biochar obtained from cherry stones at 20-700°C.

19

Comparison of sorption capacity of biochar-based sorbents for capturing heavy-metallic ions from water media

Bąk Justyna

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 5

art. no. 150265

EN

To develop the sorption efficiency of heavy metals: Cd(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) ions the biochar was modified by chitosan, FeSO4 and NaBH4. The morphology, physical structure and chemical composition of the biochar based sorbents were characterized by the scanning electron miscroscopy method, N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms, X-ray diffractometry as well as the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopywith the attenuated total reflectance analyses. The research of M(II) ions sorption was carried out as a function of pH (2-6), interaction time (0-360 minutes) and temperature (293, 313, 333 K). The maximum sorption was obtained by the ChBC for Zn(II) ions - 19.23 mg/g and for MBC-Pb(II) - 19.11 mg/g. Different kinetic models as well as both isotherm and thermodynamic equations were used the sorption data modelling. For Cd(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) ions the nonlinear regression of the Elovich equation gave the best fit for the experimental data. On the other hand, for Pb(II) ions, the nonlinear forms of pseudo first order and pseudo second order show a better match. The value of the correlation coefficient >0.960 determined from the Freundlich isotherm model is the highest suggesting a good fit to the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters: ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were listed and indicated that the process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The desorption efficiency was determined with the use of nitric, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids and the largest desorption yield for Pb(II)-ChBC equal 99.5 % was gained applying HNO3.

20

Treatment of Coking Wastewater Using Sorption Processes

Bargieł Piotr, Zabochnicka-Świątek Magdalena, Wolski Paweł

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

43--47

EN

Adsorption is one of the basic surface phenomena involving saturation of the adsorbent surface with adsorbate molecules located near the adsorbent-adsorbate interface. The processes that are accompanied by the accumulation of adsorbate molecules on the surface are different from absorption, which is related to absorbing molecules into the whole mass and requires diffusion into the interior. If both processes can occur simultaneously, this phenomenon is called sorption. The aim of the present study was to characterize the sorption properties of selected sorbents and to assess the possibility of their application to support the treatment of coking wastewater from ammonium nitrogen, phenol, and TOC. The scope of the study included the examinations of sorption properties of selected sorbents (coal dust, coke dust, biochar), physicochemical tests of coking wastewater after biological treatment, as well as the examinations aimed to determine the dose of adsorbents and time needed to establish the equilibrium state of the process. The results obtained were analyzed for the effect of dose and contact time on the pollutant removal efficiency. The literature describes the efficiency of ammonium nitrogen removal from wastewater using chemical processes. However, there is a lack of studies on the removal of ammonium nitrogen, phenol, and TOC from industrial (coking) wastewater. The conducted study aimed to develop an alternative solution to the currently used conventional methods of removing high concentrations of pollutants from wastewater.