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1

Microplastics in Grouper Fish (Genera Epinephelus) Gastrointestinal Tract from Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia

Mardiansyah, Utomo Arief Budi, Putri Lily Surayya Eka

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

194--205

EN

Marine fishery products have been contaminated with microplastic (MPs), including molluscs, crustacean, and fish. The study aimed to analyze the number and types of MPs in the digestive tract and sediment, correlation between number of MPs with total body length, and estimated uptake of MPs in the fish from sediment using Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF). The method of determining sampling point involved purposive sampling and direct observation at Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia. Groupers fish were found in 20 individuals with 4 species of Epinephelus areolatus, E. ongus, E. sexfasciatus, and E. fuscoguttatus. The number of MPs found in the gastrointestinal tract of Epinephelus is 1648 particles with 3 types: fiber, fragment, and pellet. The highest number of MPs in the sediment was at dock and the lowest was at Gosong Pramuka Island. The numbers of MPs in the digestion tract does not affect the body length of individual species. The BAF value indicates result that the MPs uptake in sediments to gastrointestinal tract of Epinephelus grouper is low. All samples of the Epinephelus grouper were contaminated with MPs.

2

Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in the Soil-Plant-Alpaca System and Potential Health Risk Assessment Associated with the Intake of Alpaca Meat in Huancavelica, Peru

Orellana Mendoza Edith, Pérez Saenz Lilia, Custodio María, Bulege Wilfredo, Yallico Luz, Cuadrado Walter

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

40--52

EN

The consumption of contaminated natural pastures with highly dangerous and toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by Andean camelids could cause harmful effects on the health of people exposed via consumption of contaminated alpaca meat. The concentration of Cd, Pb and Zn in the soil-plant-alpaca system was determined and the potential health risk associated with the intake of alpaca meat was evaluated. Soil and grass samples were collected in grazing areas of the South American camelid, and in the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Huancavelica, 30 samples of alpaca pectoral muscle were collected. The concentrations of Cd in the soil, grass and alpaca muscle exceeded the threshold values of national and international standards. The bioaccumulation factor values of the three elements studied was less than 1, Cd was the element with the highest bioavailability and mobility in the soil-plant-alpaca muscle system. The mean concentration of Cd in muscle was 0.335 ± 0.088 mg/kg which exceeded the maximum level allowed by the FAO/WHO and the European Commission, the concentration of Pb and Zn did not exceed the regulated limits. No significant differences were detected in accumulation according to sex. The non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) values for the studied metals indicated that there is no adverse health risk (HI < 1) for children and adults from alpaca meat intake, but they could experience carcinogenic risk from prolonged exposure to Cd, and for exceeding the 1×10–4 limit threshold. It is recommended to conduct further studies on the accumulation of potentially toxic elements in alpaca tissues in order to determine the possible total risk of heavy metals in consumer’s health.

3

Determination of lithium bioretention by maize under hydroponic conditions

Antonkiewicz J., Jasiewicz C., Koncewicz-Baran M., Bączek-Kwinta R.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 4

94--104

EN

Irrigation of cultivated plants can be a source of toxic lithium to plants. The data on the effect of lithium uptake on plants are scant, that is why a research was undertaken with the aim to determine maize ability to bioaccumulate lithium. The research was carried out under hydroponic conditions. The experimental design comprised 10 concentrations in solution differing with lithium concentrations in the aqueous solution (ranging from 0.0 to 256.0 mg Li ∙ dm-3 of the nutrient solution). The parameters based on which lithium bioretention by maize was determined were: the yield, lithium concentration in various plant parts, uptake and utilization of this element, tolerance index (TI) and translocation factor (TF), metal concentrations in the above-ground parts index (CI) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF). Depression in yielding of maize occurred only at the highest concentrations of lithium. Lithium concentration was the highest in the roots, lower in the stems and leaves, and the lowest in the inflorescences. The values of tolerance index and EC50 indicated that roots were the most resistant organs to lithium toxicity. The values of translocation factor were indicative of intensive export of lithium from the roots mostly to the stems. The higher uptake of lithium by the above-ground parts than by the roots, which primarily results from the higher yield of these parts of the plants, supports the idea of using maize for lithium phytoremediation.

PL

Celem badań było określenie zdolności kukurydzy do bioakumulacji litu. Badania prowadzono w warunkach kultur wodnych. Schemat doświadczenia obejmował 10 obiektów różniących się stężeniem litu w roztworze wodnym, w zakresie od 0.0–256.0 mg Li∙dm-3 pożywki. Jako parametry, na podstawie których określono bioretencję litu przez kukurydzę przyjęto: plon, zawartość litu w różnych częściach rośliny, pobranie i wykorzystanie tego pierwiastka oraz indeksy: tolerancji plonu (TI), translokacji (TF), stężenia metalu w częściach nadziemnych (CI) i bioakumulacji (BAF). Depresja plonowania kukurydzy wystąpiła przy dawce 128 i 256 mg Li ∙ dm-3. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że korzenie charakteryzowały się największymi zawartościami litu, natomiast niższymi łodygi i liście, a najmniejszymi kwiatostany. Wartości indeksu translokacji świadczą o intensywnym przemieszczaniu się litu z korzeni do części nadziemnych. Najwięcej litu pobrały łodygi, następnie korzenie, liście, a najmniej kwiatostan. Pobranie litu przez kukurydzę, w zależności od obiektu, wahało się od 2.31 do 24.36% w stosunku do ilości wprowadzonej do obiektu. Najmniejszy fi toodzysk odnotowano w obiektach, w których zastosowano największe ilości litu (3200-6400 mg Li akwarium-1), co zapewne było związane z dużymi dawkami litu oraz niskim plonowaniem i pobraniem tego pierwiastka przez kukurydzę.

4

Accumulation of Chemical Elements by Organs of Sparganium Erectum L. and Their Potential Use in Phytoremediation Process

Parzych A. E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 1

89--100

EN

The study of bottom sediments and organs of Sparganium erectum carried out in the summer of 2014 in the city of Lębork, located in Northern Poland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of macroelements and heavy metals in the leaves, rhizomes and roots S. erectum and in bottom sediments of the Łeba River as well as comparison of accumulation and translocation factors of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd and Cr in researched organs of aquatic plant. The use of S. erectum for biomonitoring and phytoremediation has also been considered. The results of Mann Whitney U test showed a number of statistically significant differences in the content of chemical elements in the leaves, rhizomes, roots and in bottom sediments. The macroelements are mainly accumulated in leaves and heavy metals are accumulated in roots and rhizomes of S. erectum. Increased Mn and Fe content in roots and rhizomes of S. erectum, in relation this physiological needs, refers to the beneficial effects of this species in the water treatment and sludge from the bottom sediment of manganese and iron compounds. The obtained bioconcentration and translocation factors values allowed to state that S. erectum can be used for phytoremediation of contaminated bottom sediments because retains metals in their roots and limit Mn and Fe mobility from roots and rhizomes to leaves once absorbed by roots of plant.

5

Physiological response of Brassica napus L. plants to Cu(II) treatment

Peško M., Kráľová K.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2013

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Vol. 7, No. 1

155--161

PL

Rośliny rzepaku poddawano działaniu CuSO4 5H2O w siedmiu różnych stężeniach (0,5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 60 μmol · dm–3) przez 7 dni. W zakresie stężeń 0,5-3 μmol·dm–3 zaobserwowano znaczny wzrost biomasy (obie części roślin). Zmniejszenie biomasy zauważono po zastosowaniu wyższych stężeń niż 6 μmol ·dm–3. Znaczny spadek zawartości chlorofili oraz karotenoidów stwierdzono po zastosowaniu 6 μmoli · dm–3 Cu(II). Spadek zawartości białka w liściach roślin zaobserwowano w zakresie stężeń 3-60 μmol · dm–3. Peroksydacja lipidów wyrażona zawartością dialdehydu malonowego w liściach była silna w zakresie stężeń 6-60 μmol · dm–3 Cu(II). Wartości współczynnika bioakumulacji w korzeniach była większe niż w pędach w całym zakresie stężeń (0,5-60 μmol · dm–3 Cu). Stosunek Cu zakumulowanej w pędach do całkowitej ilości miedzi zakumulowanej przez rośliny mieścił się w zakresie od 27,6% (0,5 μmol · dm–3) do 8,4% (60 μmol · dm–3).

EN

Rapeseed plants were exposed to seven different concentrations (0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 60 μmol · dm–3) of CuSO4•5H2O for 7 days. Within concentration range 0.5-3 μmol · dm–3 a significant increase of biomass (both plant organs) was observed. Decrease of biomass was notable after application of concentrations higher than 6 mol · dm–3. Considerable drop in content of chlorophylls as well as carotenoids was observed after application of 6 mol · dm–3 Cu(II). Decline of protein content in leaves of plants was observed in concentration range 6-60 mol · dm–3. Lipid peroxidation expressed as a content of malondialdehyde in leaves was strong within concentration range 6-60 μmol · dm–3 Cu(II). Bioaccumulation factor values of roots were higher then those of shoots in the whole concentration range (0.5-60 μmol · dm–3 Cu). The portion of Cu allocated in shoots related to the total Cu amount accumulated by plant ranged from 27.6% (0.5 μmol · dm–3) to 8.4% (60 μmol · dm–3).

6

Impact of Bottom Sediments on Assimilability of Copper and Zinc in Light Soil

Kaczmarski M., Jasiewicz C.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2013

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Vol. 20, nr 10

1185--1193

EN

The aim of the research was to evaluate an effect of bottom sediment addition on the content of soluble forms of copper and zinc in light soil as well as to evaluate the bioaccumulation of these elements by energetic plants, ie Miscanthus giganteus and Sida hermaphrodita. In order to reach the research goal, a field experiment was set up in autumn 2010 in Lipie near Rzeszow using the method of random blocks. The experimental design included 3 doses of the bottom sediment added to soil and a control treatment without sediment supplement. Doses of the bottom sediment were calculated based on soil hydrolytic acidity and the content of calcium carbonate in the sediment. The bottom sediment used in the experiment was taken from the Rzeszow Reservoir and was characterized by alkaline reaction and silt texture. Moreover, it showed an 8-times greater content of soluble forms of copper and zinc in comparison to the experimental soil. The soil of experimental field had granulometric composition of weakly clayey sand with very acid reaction (pHKCl = 4.53), as well as low content of soluble and bioavailable forms of copper and zinc. Miscanthus giganteus and Sida hermaphrodita were chosen for test plants. In autumn 2011 and 2012, soil samples were collected from the experimental plots. In those samples, the contents of copper and zinc soluble forms extracted with 1 mol HCl • dm–3 were determined according to Rinkis method. The content of copper and zinc in soil samples and the above-ground parts of plant was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). On the basis of the obtained results, the bioaccumulation factor [BF] of both metals in the above-ground plant biomass was calculated. The obtained results were elaborated statistically using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at a significance level of α = 0.01. The addition of the bottom sediments to the light soil caused a change its reaction in all the experimental treatments in relation to the control treatment. The applied doses of bottom sediments did not cause exceeding the permissible concentrations of copper and zinc in the examined soil. The content of available for plants soluble forms of copper and zinc in light soil under Miscanthus giganteus and Sida hermaphrodita cultivation increased as consequence of rising bottom sediment doses introduced to the substratum. The addition of the bottom sediments to the soil resulted in a decrease of values of the bioaccumulation factor of copper and zinc in selected energetic plants.

PL

Celem badań była ocena wpływu dodatku osadu dennego na zawartość rozpuszczalnych form miedzi i cynku w glebie lekkiej oraz ocena bioakumulacji tych pierwiastków przez rośliny energetyczne, tj. Miscanthus giganteus i Sida hermaphrodita. Dla realizacji tego celu badań założono doświadczenie polowe jesienią 2010 r., w miejscowości Lipie koło Rzeszowa, metodą losowanych bloków. Schemat doświadczenia obejmował 3 dawki osadu dennego stosowanego do gleby oraz obiekt kontrolny bez dodatku osadu. Dawki osadu obliczono na podstawie wartości kwasowości hydrolitycznej gleby oraz zawartości węglanu wapnia w osadzie. Wykorzystany w doświadczeniu osad denny pobrany ze Zbiornika Rzeszowskiego miał odczyn alkaliczny oraz skład granulometryczny pyłu. Ponadto wykazywał 8-krotnie większą zawartość rozpuszczalnych form miedzi i cynku, w porównaniu z glebą użytą w doświadczeniu. Doświadczenie założono na glebie o składzie granulometrycznym piasku słabo gliniastego, o odczynie bardzo kwaśnym (pHKCl = 4,53) oraz niskiej zawartości przyswajalnych form miedzi i cynku. Jako rośliny testowe wybrano miskant olbrzymi i ślazowiec pensylwański. Z poletek doświadczalnych jesienią 2011 i 2012 r. pobrano próbki glebowe, w których oznaczono zawartość rozpuszczalnych form miedzi i cynku ekstrahowanych 1 mol HCl • dm–3 według metody Rinkisa. Zawartość miedzi i cynku w glebie oraz częściach nadziemnych roślin oznaczono metodą atomowej spektometrii emisyjnej opartej na palniku indukcyjnie wzbudzonej plazmy (ISP-AES). Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników obliczono współczynniki bioakumulacji [WB] w nadziemnej biomasie roślin. Uzyskane wyniki opracowano statystycznie stosując jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji i test Tukeya przy poziomie istotności α = 0,01. Dodatek osadu dennego do gleby lekkiej spowodował zmianę odczynu gleby we wszystkich obiektach doświadczalnych w stosunku do obiektu kontrolnego. Analiza wykazała zwiększenie zawartości dostępnych dla roślin rozpuszczalnych form miedzi i cynku w glebie pod uprawą obydwu roślin testowych na skutek wprowadzenia do niej wzrastających dawek osadu dennego. Zastosowane dawki osadu dennego nie spowodowa ły przekroczenia dopuszczalnych zawartości miedzi i cynku w badanej glebie. Dodatek osadu dennego do gleby skutkował zmniejszeniem wartości współczynnika bioakumulacji miedzi i cynku w wybranych roślinach energetycznych.

7

Impact of heavy metals on water, fish (Cyprinus carpio) and sediments from a water tank at Tumkur, India

Nayaka B.M.S., Ramakrishna S., Jayaprakash D.M.R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.2

17-28

EN

This study was carried out to assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and their distribution in a hyper-eutrophic urban Tumkur tank system, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. Samples of water, fish and soil sediment were analyzed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The water-soluble (bioavailable) fractions of heavy metals correlated positively with their total concentration, exhibiting the following sequence of bioavailability: Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Fe. Cyprinus carpio exhibited a maximum bioaccumulation factor for copper (5500). The mean values of all types of collected samples were correlated with the corresponding mean values in a control tank (Teetha tank). The sequence of the order of the concentration of the metals in water, fish and sediment samples exhibiting higher values than those observed in the control tank was as follows: Cr > Pb > Cu = Ni > Fe > Cd > Zn, Cr > Cd > Cu = Zn > Pb > Fe = Ni and Fe > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cd, respectively. The geoaccumulation indices of the heavy metals revealed that the tank is moderately to strongly contaminated. As Cyprinus carpio is extensively used for human consumption, there is a growing health risk that these metals could find their way into the human food chain.