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1
Content available remote Operation comfort vs. the importance measure of system components
Szajowski Krzysztof J., Średnicka Małgorzata
Mathematica Applicanda
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2020
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Vol. 48, no. 2
191--226
EN
The aim of the paper is to propose a new importance measure of system components combining its sensitivity to a system operation and performance. It is presented against the background of other significance measures, an overview of which is an important part of this work as we present them in relation to the motivation behind their creation. In the first work of Birnbaum (1968) on this subject, many interesting studies were created and important indicators were constructed that allowed to organize the components of complex systems in terms of reliability. They are helpful in analyzing the reliability of the designed systems, establishing the principles of operation and maintenance. They concern an approach in which both elements and systems are binary, and the possibility of generalization to multi-state systems is only mentioned. The new proposal is using the methods of game theory and risk analysis. The presented severity measures use a knowledge of the system structure as well as reliability and wear and tear, and whether the components can be repaired and maintained.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie nowego sposobu ustalania rangi elementów systemu, łączącej wpływ na niezawodność systemu i jego wydajność. Przedstawiono je na tle innych sposobów mierzenia istotności elementów systemu. Omówienie znanych miar istotności jest ważną częścią niniejszej pracy, ponieważ przedstawiamy tak, aby pokazać motywację ich powstania. W pierwszej pracy Birnbauma (1968) na ten temat powstało wiele interesujących opracowań i skonstruowano ważne wskaźniki, które pozwoliły uporządkować składowe układów złożonych ze względu na ich wpływ na niezawodność. Są pomocne w analizie niezawodności projektowanych układów, ustalaniu zasad eksploatacji i konserwacji. Dotyczą podejścia, w którym zarówno elementy, jak i systemy są binarne. Wspominamy również o możliwości uogólnienia na systemy wielostanowe i uzasadniamy taka potrzebę. Nowa propozycja mierzenia istotności wykorzystuje teorię gier i analizy ryzyka. Przedstawione miary wykorzystują wiedzę o budowie systemu, niezawodności i zużyciu elementów, a także o możliwości (trudności) naprawy i konserwacji elementów.
2
Content available remote Universality and Computational Completeness of Controlled Leftist Insertion-Deletion Systems
Ivanov S., Verlan S.
Fundamenta Informaticae
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2017
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Vol. 155, nr 1/2
163--185
EN
In this article, we consider leftist insertion-deletion systems (LIDS), in which all rules have contexts on the same (left) side, and may only insert or delete one symbol at a time. We start by introducing extended rules, in which the contexts may be specified as regular expressions, instead of fixed words. We prove that in this case the computational completeness is achieved when additional control mechanisms are used (graph control with two states, matrix control with binary matrices and random-context control). We then show how rules with regular contexts can be simulated by conventional rules checking one-symbol (resp. two-symbol) left contexts for insertion and two-symbol (resp. one-symbol) left contexts for deletion. This simulation does not generally hold in the controlled case, however. Hence, we provide a construction simulating an arbitrary 2-tag system using extended rules and which can be rewritten in terms of conventional rules of types above, which implies that the latter systems are universal.
3
Content available remote Lattice Theory for Rough Sets : A Case Study with Mizar
Grabowski A.
Fundamenta Informaticae
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2016
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Vol. 147, nr 2/3
223--240
EN
Rough sets offer a well-known approach to incomplete or imprecise data. In the paper I briefly report how this framework was successfully encoded by means of one of the leading computer proof-assistants in the world. The general approach is essentially based on binary relations, and all natural properties of approximation operators can be obtained via adjectives added to underlying relations. I focus on lattice-theoretical aspects of rough sets to enable the application of external theorem provers like EQP or Prover9 as well as to translate them into TPTP format widely recognized in the world of automated proof search. I wanted to have a clearly written, possibly formal, although informal as a rule, paper authored by a specialist from the discipline another than lattice theory. It appeared that Lattice theory for rough sets by Jouni Järvinen (called LTRS for short) was quite a reasonable choice to be a testbed for the current formalisation both of lattices and of rough sets. A popular computerised proof-assistant Mizar was used as a tool, hence all the efforts are available in one of the largest repositories of computer-checked mathematical knowledge, called Mizar Mathematical Library.
4
Content available Modelling geothermal conditions in part of the Szczecin Trough – the Chociwel area
Miecznik M., Sowiżdżał A., Tomaszewska B., Pająk L.
Geologos
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2015
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Vol. 21, No. 3
187--196
EN
The Chociwel region is part of the Szczecin Trough and constitutes the northeastern segment of the extended Szczecin- Gorzów Synclinorium . Lower Jurassic reservoirs of high permeability of up to 1145 mD can discharge geothermal waters with a rate exceeding 250 m3/h and temperatures reach over 90°C in the lowermost part of the reservoirs. These conditions provide an opportunity to generate electricity from heat accumulated in geothermal waters using binary ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) systems. A numerical model of the natural state and exploitation conditions was created for the Chociwel area with the use of TOUGH2 geothermal simulator (i.e., integral finite-difference method). An analysis of geological and hydrogeothermal data indicates that the best conditions are found to the southeast of the town of Chociwel, where the bottom part of the reservoir reaches 3 km below ground . This would require drilling two new wells, namely one production and one injection. Simulated production with a flow rate of 275 m3/h, a temperature of 89°C at the wellhead, 30°C injection temperature and wells being 1.2 km separated from each other leads to a small temperature drop and moderate requirements for pumping power over a 50 years’ time span. The ORC binary system can produce at maximum 592.5 kW gross power with the R227ea found as the most suitable working fluid. Geothermal brine leaving the ORC system with a temperature c. 53°C can be used for other purposes, namely mushroom growing, balneology, swimming pools, soil warming, de-icing, fish farming and for heat pumps.
5
Content available remote A Formal Language Model of DNA Polymerase Enzymatic Activity
Enaganti S. K., Kari L., Kopecki S.
Fundamenta Informaticae
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2015
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Vol. 138, nr 1/2
179--192
EN
We propose and investigate a formal language operation inspired by the naturally occurring phenomenon of DNA primer extension by a DNA-template-directed DNA Polymerase enzyme. Given two DNA strings u and v, where the shorter string v (called primer) is Watson-Crick complementary and can thus bind to a substring of the longer string u (called template) the result of the primer extension is a DNA string that is complementary to a suffix of the template which starts at the binding position of the primer. The operation of DNA primer extension can be abstracted as a binary operation on two formal languages: a template language L1 and a primer language L2. We call this language operation L1-directed extension of L2 and study the closure properties of various language classes, including the classes in the Chomsky hierarchy, under directed extension. Furthermore, we answer the question under what conditions can a given language of target strings be generated from a given template language when the primer language is unknown. We use the canonic inverse of directed extension in order to obtain the optimal solution (the minimal primer language) to this question.
6
Content available Phase Diagrams of the MeNQ/HN and HN/NQ Binary Systems
Tian M.-M., Li H.-R., Chen L., Ju X., Shu Y.-J.
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
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2015
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Vol. 12, no. 2
271--286
EN
An equation for a binary phase diagram with two eutectic points was deduced from the Van’t Hoff equation. The melting points of hydrazinium nitrate/ nitroguanidine (HN/NQ) samples with different ratios, ranging from 0 to 1 mole fraction, were explored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results revealed the presence of two eutectic points in the phase diagram of the HN/NQ binary system. The dependence of temperature on the composition (T-X phase diagram) of HN/NQ was depicted based on the equation described by the DSC data. The phase diagram of MeNQ/HN, with only one eutectic point was constructed by substituting experimental data of the compositions and their corresponding temperatures into the Van’t Hoff equation. The phase diagram with two or more eutectic points indicated the formation of new stable compounds with appropriate ratios of the two components; no new substance appeared in the system with only one eutectic point. Thus, the HN/NQ binary system showed the presence of a new substance, which is probably the HN/NQ co-crystal. No new substance was detected in the MeNQ/HN binary system. The results of the X-ray diffraction patterns agree with the findings from the phase diagrams.
7
Content available remote Bisimulation-Based Concept Learning in Description Logics
Tran T.-L., Ha Q.-T., Hoang T.-L.-G., Nguyen L. A., Nguyen H. S.
Fundamenta Informaticae
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2014
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Vol. 133, nr 2/3
287--303
EN
Concept learning in description logics (DLs) is similar to binary classification in traditional machine learning. The difference is that in DLs objects are described not only by attributes but also by binary relationships between objects. In this paper, we develop the first bisimulation-based method of concept learning in DLs for the following setting: given a knowledge base KB in a DL, a set of objects standing for positive examples and a set of objects standing for negative examples, learn a concept C in that DL such that the positive examples are instances of C w.r.t. KB, while the negative examples are not instances of C w.r.t. KB. We also prove soundness of our method and investigate its C-learnability.
8
Content available remote Termochemia układu dwuskładnikowego nitroceluloza-difenyloamina
Wolszakiewicz T.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2012
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T. 91, nr 4
537-540
PL
Difenyloamina (DFA) jest stosowana jako stabilizator chemicznej trwałości nitrocelulozy (NC) w produkcji materiałów miotających w ilościach ok. 2%. DFA ma słabe właściwości kwasowe i obecna w dużych ilościach przyśpiesza rozkład NC. Istotne wydaje się przeprowadzenie badań systematyzujących wiedzę związaną z termochemią tego układu, często mającego zastosowanie w technologii wyrobów prochów i paliw rakietowych.
EN
Ph₂NH was added to nitrocellulose (5.2–94.1% by mass) to improve its chem. stability. The addn. resulted in a decrease in mixing enthalpy and Flory-Huggins parameter. DTA curves of the mixts. were presented.
9
Content available remote Termochemia układu dwuskładnikowego nitroceluloza-2-nitrodifenyloamina
Wolszakiewicz T.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2012
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T. 91, nr 4
541-544
PL
2-Nitrodifenyloamina (NDFA) jest stosowana w prochach bezdymnych jako stabilizator. Jest ona bardziej zasadowa od difenyloaminy. Poznanie oddziaływań międzycząsteczkowych w mieszaninie ma istotne znaczenie w przewidywaniu zmian właściwości prochu związanych z zastąpieniem difenyloaminy bardziej korzystną NDFA ze względu na mniejsze możliwości rozkładu nitrocelulozy (NC). Jednocześnie NDFA ma zbliżone do difenyloaminy właściwości wiązania produktów rozkładu NC.
EN
2-NO₂C₆H₄NHPh was added to nitrocellulose (4.7–93.1% by mass) to improve its chem. stability in smokeless gun powders. The addn. resulted in a irregular changes in mixing enthalpy, Flory-Huggins parameter and Gibbs function of mixing.
10
Content available Salt effect on the enthalpy of mixing of 2-propanol + acetic acid at 303.15 K
Tamilarasan R., Baffna S.G., Anand-Prabu A., Dharmendira-Kumar M.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2009
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Vol. 11, nr 4
20-23
EN
This paper presents the effect of two dissolved inorganic salts (zinc chloride, ZnCl2 and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl) on the enthalpy of mixing (HE) of 2-propanol + acetic acid binary system measured at 303.15 K using an isothermal displacement calorimeter with vapour space. A decreasing trend in the excess enthalpy of mixing values in the presence of ZnCl2 and NH4Cl indicate the endothermic behavior of this system. The Redlich-Kister equation has been used to fit the experimental HE data. The deviations from the ideal value and binary parameters were calculated and reported.
11
Content available remote Modeling of transport phenomena during solidification of binary systems
Furmański P.
Computer Assisted Mechanics and Engineering Sciences
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2000
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Vol. 7, No. 3
391-402
EN
The macroscopic equations describing the process of solidification in binary systems are usually introduced via the volume averaging technique. A different approach to obtain these equations, based on the ensemble averaging technique, is proposed in the paper. This technique was used to derive energy and solute conservation equations and the basic constitutive relations appearing in the macroscopic description of the solidification phenomena occurring in the mushy region. In general these relations are non-local and account for non-equilibrium processes. Problem of thermodynamic equilibrium (thermal and chemical) is also discussed. Formulae for enthalpy and porosity of the mushy zone, in the latter case, are given.
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