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Analysis of residents' travel characteristics along beijing rail transit line based on binary choice model

Cai Z., Yan J.

Archives of Transport

2018

Vol. 47, iss. 3

19--27

From ancient to modern times, in the historical process of urban development, urban transportation has been developing along with the development of the city's political, economic and cultural industries, and the relationship between each other has always been a topic constantly discussed by planning scholars. The development of urban transportation promotes the urban population gathering and industrial development, and promotes the development of urban geographical space. At the same time, it also brings endless convenience to urban residents, so that they can complete the displacement from the beginning to the destination with relatively low cost. However, with the rapid development of urban scale and the rapid growth of urban population, the problems of traffic congestion and land resource shortage in big cities of China seriously restrict the improvement of the quality of life of residents and the further development of the city. In this context, compact city is the inevitable choice for future urban development, while the transportation system supporting compact city form can only be public transportation. As a high-volume, efficient and rapid public transport mode, rail transit can not only solve the traffic congestion problem in high-density areas of cities, but also optimize the development and utilization of urban land and adjust the urban spatial layout, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of cities. The network of rail transit in Beijing becomes the backbone of public passenger transport system, and play an irreplaceable role in guiding the urban space layout adjustment, population migration and the transformation of traffic structure. The study of travel characteristics of the residents who live along the rail transit, in-depth analysis the relationship of the rail transit, the population migration and commuter travel, it is of great significance providing decision support for urban planning. Based on binary choice model, establishing the residents' travel choice model, rail transit impact model of different crowds. Study the relationship between rail transit and residents' travel characteristics, predict the rail transit to guide the trend of population migration.

Alokacja zasobu w warunkach niepewności: modele decyzyjne i procedury obliczeniowe

Gaspars H.

Badania Operacyjne i Decyzje

2007

nr 1

5-27

W literaturze można znaleźć omówienie deterministycznej i stochastycznej odmiany zagadnienia rozdziału zasobu. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest sformułowanie modeli optymalizacyjnych, mających zastosowanie w zagadnieniu alokacji zasobu w warunkach niepewności, z którą mamy do czynienia wówczas, gdy zyski wynikające ze skierowania danej ilości środka do konkretnej działalności są opisane jako zmienne losowe o nieznanym rozkładzie. Autorka przedstawia cztery modele, uwzględniające różne postawy decydentów wobec stanów natury, które mogą wystąpić. W tym celu odwołuje się do reguł Walda, Hurwicza, Bayes’a i Savage’a. Analizowane są również możliwe procedury obliczeniowe, pozwalające wyznaczyć optymalne rozwiązanie dla każdego przypadku. Oprócz ogólnej metody programowania dynamicznego, wykorzystać można również dwie metody uproszczone, stosowane w deterministycznej wersji zagadnienia, gdy decyzje podejmowane są w warunkach niepewności. Jednakże te dwie procedury wymagają spełnienia dodatkowych założeń, które częściowo różnią się od założeń sformułowanych dla deterministycznej odmiany rozpatrywanego problemu.

The deterministic and stochastic versions of the resource allocation problem have already been discussed in the literature. The goal of this contribution is to formulate optimization models applicable to the problem of resource allocation under uncertainty, which signifies that profits resulting from the assignment of a quantity of resource to a given activity, are defined as random variables with unknown distribution. The author presents four models depending on the attitude of the decision-maker towards states of nature that may occur, and refers to the rules formulated by Wald, Hurwicz, Bayes and Savage to this end. Possible computational procedures, allowing finding the optimal solution for each case, are also analyzed. Apart from the dynamic programming, two simplified methods used for the deterministic version of resource allocation can also be applied when decisions are made under uncertainty. However, these two methods require that the problem fulfill additional assumptions, which are partially different from those formulated for the deterministic approach.