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EN
In this work, the processes of purification of oily waters using magnetites were investigated: magnetite synthesized according to the classical method and magnetites modified with hydrophobizing agents (sulfonol or alkylimidazolin). It was shown that magnetite modified with alkylimidazolin in doses of 50–200 mg/dm3 provides a high degree of oil removal from waters of various mineralization. The degree of water purification reaches 97.5–99.8%. Sulfonol-modified magnetite shows greater efficiency than conventional magnetite only at high concentrations (200 mg/dm3) and only in fresh water. Three hours is enough to ensure the maximum degree of purification of water-oil solutions. Changing the amount of hydrophobizing agent (alkylimidazolin) during the synthesis of magnetite reduces the effect of pH on the purification of both fresh and mineralized waters.
EN
The article describes the modern problems of formation and purification of marine oil-containing waters. The efficiency of using electrocoagulation to remove oil from water-oil emulsions of different mineralization using aluminum and iron anodes was studied. Treatment of water-oil solutions with an oil content of 100 mg/dm3 by electrocoagulation in a single-chamber electrolyzer provides 98–99% oil removal using these electrodes at an anode current density of 0.57–2.11 A/dm2 for highly mineralized waters and 0.34 A/dm2 for freshwater treatment during the first 15 minutes provides a reduction in oil concentration from 100 mg/dm3 to values at the level of 1.55–2.93 mg/dm3. When the water treatment time is extended to 45 minutes, greater efficiency in highly mineralized waters is provided by the aluminum anode.
EN
Oily wastewaters from different onshore and offshore installations and from maritime transport pose a serious threat to the environment so they must be treated by multistage separation also including membrane processes. The main advantages of such membranes are high performance and selectivity, high resistance for temperature and pressure, resistance for acids, bases and solvents, long service life and for application – significant reduction of industries and transport environmental impact. This work presents the results of the process of separation of oil from the emulsion with NaCl addition. Research was performed with a use of laboratory installation with ceramic 300 kDa membrane. The analysis concerned performance and selectivity of a membrane in the function of time and test results have been subsequently compared with the requirements of the IMO.
PL
Wody zaolejone pochodzące z morskich i lądowych instalacji oraz transportu morskiego stanowią poważne zagrożenie dla środowiska, co sprawia że muszą być oczyszczane wieloetapowo, także z wykorzystaniem procesów membranowych i membran nieorganicznych. Głównymi zaletami takich membran są wysoka wydajność i selektywność, duża odporność na temperaturę i ciśnienie, odporność na kwasy, zasady i rozpuszczalniki, długa żywotność – a przy ich stosowaniu znaczące zmniejszenie oddziaływania przemysłu i transportu na środowisko. Praca przedstawia wyniki procesu separacji oleju z emulsji z dodatkiem NaCl. Badania doświadczalne zostały przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem instalacji laboratoryjnej oraz membrany ceramicznej o średnicy 300 kDa. Wykonane analizy dotyczyły wydajności i selektywności badanej membrany w zależności od czasu, a wyniki analiz zostały następnie porównane z wymaganiami IMO.
EN
In the article theoretical bases of technology of purification of bilge water, which is formed during the operation of ship power plants. Theoretical foundations are based on theoretical premises Kulskij L.A. that the choice of methods of cleaning depends on the properties of the treated water. The basic properties of oil bilge water that oil present in this water emulsified oil products and oil as the individual phases. Also made an analysis other factors that determine the choice of technology cleaning of bilge water. The basic technological scheme of cleaning should contain methods for cleaning from free product and from emulsified. There is also the possibility to use such methods of water treatment, which improve the efficiency of methods of cleaning. Theoretical bases allow to develop effective devices for cleaning bilge water as marine and coastal or for floating treatment facilities.
EN
Intensive shipping affects marine environment in an extent degree, increasing seawater pollution by hazardous substances, including fuel oil and crude oil. Bilge water from ship power plants usually contains a mixture of dispersed oils, which form spherical droplets of diameter ranging from 0.01 to 10..m. Present methods for detection of dispersed oil require taking a water sample or putting a measuring device into seawater, which allows only to gather point data from limited locations. In order to meet the demand of remote monitoring of endangered zones, a study of optical properties of oil-in-water emulsions was conducted. Presented model of seawater polluted by oil-in-water emulsion can potentially enable remote optical detection of oil-in-water emulsion in visible bands. It is based on the fact that oil droplets become additional absorbents and attenuators in water body. Optical analyses consist of calculations of spectral absorption and scattering coefficients and scattering phase functions for oil emulsions on the basis of Lorentz-Mie theory including measurements of refractive index and determination of oil droplets size distribution. The radiative transfer theory is applied to simulate the contribution of oil emulsion to the remote sensing reflectance. Presented system for radiative transfer simulation is based on Monte Carlo code and it involves optical tracing of virtual photons.
PL
W ramach użytkowanych systemów poruszono kwestie jakości wód zęzowych przechowywanych w prze-strzeni siłowni okrętowych w trakcie normalnej eksploatacji statków oraz trudności obsługowych systemu wód zęzowych. Prezentowana analiza dotyczy współczesnych statków towarowych, w których napęd główny stanowi tłokowy silnik spalinowy. W artykule przedstawiono propozycję rozwiązania systemu, który zdaniem autorów pozwoli na zwiększenie rzeczywistej wydajności usuwania wód zęzowych za burtę statku i może w znaczący sposób przyczynić się do zmniejszenia liczby przypadków łamania umów międzynarodowych o zanieczyszczaniu środowiska morskiego. Docelowo proponowany system wód zęzowych może prowadzić do obniżenia kosztów eksploatacji statku i podwyższyć efektywność pracy działu maszynowego.
EN
The quality of bilge waters collected in the machinery space during normal conditions and difficulties with the bilge water systems have been considered. Analyzed systems concern contemporary cargo vessels in which the reciprocating diesel engines constitute the ships propulsion. The proposal of the bilge water system, as part of the existing bilge water installations, has been presented. That system will increase the bilge water efficiency that is pumped out overboard of the ship, decreasing the number of the international law violations. More over the proposed bilge water system can lead to decreasing the operational ships costs and raise the operational effectiveness of the engineers department.
EN
The paper presents changes taking place in the marine environment with increasing transport of crude oil in year 1970-2005, shown on a diagram of spills from ships. Made known are also results of research on hydro-cyclones separating solid particles and de-oiling bilge water connected in series. During research hydrocycloncs of JS-40 and Li type were used, designed by the authors, applied were four JS-40 hydrocycloncs of q, = 500 1/h capacity each for separating solid particles and a hydrocyclone Li for de-oiling of q, = 2000 1/h capacity. In diagrams and tables shown are separation efficiencies of following matters: coal powder, sand, abrasive shot and iron. A volumetric distribution measurement of shot particles before and after the JS-40 hydrocyclone at an output of q, - 1500 1/h using a Malvern 2000 UK instrument was carried out. As a result of the research it could be stated that a system of connected in series hydrocyclones can be applied as a first stage of bilge waters purification.
PL
W artykule omówiono zagadnienie separacji emulsji olejowej na modułach ultrafiltracyjnych UF. Na podstawie wstępnych badań, przeprowadzonych w Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie, zaproponowano nowe moduły ultrafiltracyjne, które spełniają test zaolejenia zawarty w Konwencji MARPOL, Rez. IMO MEPC 107/49. Opracowano nowe rozwiązanie systemu odolejacza Neptun z opatentowanym ceramicznym modułem UF.
EN
The issue of the separation of oil emulsions using the ultrafiltration (UF) modules has been discussed in this paper. On the basis of preliminary studies performed at the Maritime Academy in Szczecin, new ultrafiltration modules were used that complies to the control test of Marpol Res. IMO MEPC 107/49. A new solution of the Neptun oil separation system with the use of patented ceramic UF modules was presented.
9
Content available Integrated bilge water treatment system
EN
Oily bilge water is generated due to the leakage of water and oil from equipment and piping or maintenance works resulting from routine operation in the machinery space of ships. Such oil and water leakage is usually a mixture of both and is collected in the bilge well or on the tank top as oily water. Oily bilge water must be treated in accordance with the requirements of Annex 1 of the MARPOL 73/78 (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) [1]. To promote the prevention of oil pollution from machinery spaces of ships, it is very important to minimise the amount of oily bilge water generated in machinery spaces. MEPC (Marine Environment Protection Committee) on session 54 recognised the concept of an Integrated Bilge Water Treatment System (IBTS). The paper presents some remarks and proposals to improve the rules that are sometimes inconsistent.
PL
Wody zęzowe są wynikiem przecieków wody i oleju z urządzeń i rurociągów znajdujących się w siłowni okrętowej podczas ich eksploatacji oraz prac remontowych. Przecieki te, gromadząc się w studzienkach zęzowych mieszają się tworząc mieszaniny oleiste. Mieszaniny takie muszą być obrabiane zgodnie z Aneksem I Konwencji MARPOL. W referacie przedstawiono uwagi autorów dotyczące nieco innego sposobu obróbki tych mieszanin. Przede wszystkich chodzi o rozdzielenie przecieków w taki sposób, aby ograniczyć ilość mieszaniny. Dążąc do wyjaśnienia bardzo zawiłych uregulowań Konwencji MARPOL, podano szereg definicji i objaśnień oraz zaproponowano zmiany w zintegrowanym systemie obróbki wód zęzowych (IBTS).
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