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EN
Dynamic biaxial compression tests and Particle Flow Code numerical simulations of the cement mortar specimens with a single joint were carried out to study the mechanical properties and crack evolution of artificial rock samples with a single joint. The effects of lateral stress σ2, loading rate V, the dip angle β (between the vertical loading direction and the joint) on the biaxial compressive strength σb, and the evolution law of crack were investigated. Test results showed that; (1) when both the dip angle β and the loading rate V remained unchanged, the biaxial compressive strength σb increased with the increase in the lateral stress σ2, while σ2 had no obvious effect on the crack evolution law; (2) when both the dip angle β and the lateral stress σ2 were kept unchanged, the loading rate V had an insignificant effect on the biaxial compressive strength σb and the crack evolution law; (3) when both the lateral stress σ2 and the loading rate V were constant, the biaxial compressive strength σb decreased first and then increased with the increase in the dip angle β; however, the dip angle β did not significantly affect the crack evolution law. The conclusions obtained in this paper are presented for the first time.
EN
The validation of the general stress-dilatancy relationship is shown based on biaxial compression test data presented in the literature under drained and undrained conditions. Rowe’s and Bolton’s relationships can be treated as simplified forms of the general stress-dilatancy relationship. The stress ratio values are a function of not only the dilatancy but also the intermediate principal stress, the non-coaxiality angle defined by Gutierrez and Ishihara and the stress-strain path. For many granular soils, the critical frictional state angle of the shearing resistance Φ° = Φ’ϲϑ and parameters α and β are functions of the drainage condition, the stress level and the stress and strain paths.
3
Content available remote Flexible auxetic foams - fabrication, properties and possible application areas
EN
The paper presents a review of worldwide literature related to auxetic materials manufactured on the basis of the flexible polyurethane foam. Properties of auxetic foams are discussed with account taken of raw materials and fabrication methods applied. Due to their negative value of the Poisson's ratio the properties demonstrated by auxetic foams are totally different from those of polyurethane foam that has been used so far. Application examples of these new foams are specified with account taken of their physical and chemical parameters but the particular attention is paid to possible use as vibration damping materials in automotive industry and transportation systems.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono równania dylatacji dla warunków: trójosiowego ściskania, trójosiowego rozciągania, dwuosiowego ściskania i prostego ścinania otrzymane z definicji stanów efektywnych plastycznego płynięcia. Otrzymane równania dylatacji mogą być z powodzeniem stosowane do weryfikacji wyników badań laboratoryjnych i budowy nowych modeli ośrodków rozdrobnionych.
EN
In this paper the dilatancy equation for condition of: triaxial compression, triaxial extension, biaxial compression and simple shear obtained from definition of effective state of plastic flow are presented. The dilatancy equation can be used in verification of laboratory tests results and constitutive modeling of geomaterials.
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