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Wpływ zatapiania likwidowanych kopalń węgla kamiennego w GZW na stan bezpieczeństwa powszechnego na terenach pogórniczych

Bukowski Przemysław

Przegląd Geologiczny

2024

Vol. 72, nr 5

225--240

To answer the question whether and what is the impact of flooding of abandoned hard coal mines in the USCB (Upper Silesian Coal Basin) on the threat to general safety, it is necessary to refer to the essence of the problem, which is the flooding of closed mines and the impact of this processon the geological surroundings and the land surface. It is also necessary to be aware of what the terms threat and general safety mean. Thus, we will not answer the fundamental question prompted by the title, without characterizing the causes, course and consequences, as well as the connections, of hydrogeological processes with processes in the field of rock mechanics and safety, which we tried to present in the article. At the same time, the disclosure and subsequent occurrence of interconnections of hydrogeological and geomechanical processes leading to threats in post-mining areas would not be possible if these were not for the mining activities within the designated range of mining area. The key to explaining the causes, course and consequences of processes leading to hazards in post-mining areas is to understand the cause and effect a sequence of events, from granting a license to extracta mineral from a deposit to decision about underground coal mine closure. Processes and phenomena that occur after the closure of a mine and decommissioning its drainage system lead to various hazards, such as water hazards, sinkholes, flood hazards, mine gas outflows, etc. They are a consequence of previous mining activity and the overlapping and differentiation of various conditions (technical and geological) that change during the successive stages of the mine flooding process. Based on the experience from 20-30 years ago and on the hazards to the land surface in the flooded former Maria coal mine, it can be seen that these issues still constitute existing, although somewhat forgotten, knowledge that remains undeveloped and unnoticed to this day (caving hazard in the former Siersza coal mine). Hence, the article attempts to characterize and explain, as well as recall and discuss, some of the consequences of drainage system decommissioning and an underground mine closure by completely flooding its mining workings.