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1
Content available Optimization of LNG terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes: the case of the port of Świnoujście
Gucma Stanisław, Gucma Maciej
Archives of Transport
|
2019
|
Vol. 50, iss. 2
91--100
EN
LNG terminals are built to handle tankers of specific size, with cargo capacities within a narrow scope. This is related to the differences in cargo, fender and mooring systems used for LNG tanker handling of various sizes. The research problem solved in the article is the development of the method for optimal design of a universal LNG cargo handling facility that enables safe operations of LNG tankers in a wide range of cargo capacity that covers almost entire spectrum of global fleet tanker sizes. The article presents a methodology of optimizing the parameters of LNG cargo terminals to accommodate both small bunker ships with cargo capacity of 500 m3 (50 metres in length) to Q-flex type tankers capable of carrying up to 220 000 m3 (320 m in length). The authors have determined conditions for the safe operation of these tankers in sea LNG terminals and described differences in the construction of cargo, fendering and mooring systems. The optimization of both location and terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes as well as approach channels leading to the LNG berths was performed using a specially designed two-stage simulation method of optimization. In the first stage the best location of a universal LNG terminal and its berths in the existing port basin is determined. The second stage defines optimal parameters of approach waterways to the berths of a universal LNG terminal. The optimization criterion at both stages was the minimization of the costs to build and to operate a universal LNG terminal. The developed optimization methodology was actually used in the design of the universal LNG terminal in the outer port of Świnoujście. The tests made use of real time simulation (RTS) and non-autonomous models of ships, in which ship movement is controlled by a human (pilot, captain). Simulation tests were performed on a multi-bridge ship handling Polaris simulator with a 3D projection, from Kongsberg Maritime AS. This full-mission bridge simulator (FMBS) is located at the Marine Traffic Engineering Centre, Maritime University of Szczecin. Two simulation ship movement models were built and verified for testing the manoeuvres of port entry and berthing. These are: Q-flex type tanker (length: 320 m) and an LNG bunker ship, 6,000 m3 capacity, 104 m in length. The test results were used in the design of the universal LNG terminal in the outer port of Świnoujście and approach waterways leading to the berths (now this investment project is in progress).
2
Content available Wykorzystanie przestrzennego modelu domeny do oceny bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego kontenerowców oceanicznych klasy PS, takich jak „Emma Maersk”, podczas manewrów podchodzenia do terminalu DTC Gdańsk Port Północny
Rutkowski G.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
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2012
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R. 53 nr 2 (189)
123-140
PL
W artykule zaproponowano sposób oceny bezpieczeństwa żeglugi (ryzyka nawigacyjnego) kontenerowców klasy PS, takich jak „Emma Maersk”, w akwenie ograniczonym Zatoki Gdańskiej z wykorzystaniem przestrzennego modelu domeny statku. Istotą proponowanych w pracy metod jest systemowe ujęcie eksploatacji statku morskiego w aspekcie oceny jego bezpieczeństwa podczas manewrów podchodzenia do terminalu kontenerowego DTC Gdańsk Port przy działaniu różnych zakłóceń zewnętrznych.
EN
In this paper author presents the methods that can be used for estimating the safety of shipping (navigational risk) in the restricted sea areas of the Gulf of Gdańsk by means of a three- -dimensional model of ship’s domain specified for the PS Class container vessels ‘Emma Maersk’. The essence of the method suggested in the thesis is the systematic approach to a sea vessel operation in the aspect of estimating its safety while approaching DCT terminal in Gdańsk Port Północny in divergent exterior conditions.
3
Content available Analiza infrastruktury nawigacyjnej w kontekście oceny bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego w delcie Wisły i na Zalewie Wiślanym
Rutkowski G.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
|
2010
|
R. 51 nr 1 (180)
51-63
PL
Niniejszy artykuł obejmuje analizę infrastruktury nawigacyjnej w kontekście oceny bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego oraz możliwości uprawiania żeglugi w delcie Wisły i na Zalewie Wiślanym. W artykule zaproponowano sposób oceny bezpieczeństwa żeglugi (ryzyka nawigacyjnego) w akwenie ograniczonym z wykorzystaniem przestrzennego modelu domeny statku.
EN
The paper deals with the navigational infrastructure analysis with respect to safety of navigation in the mouth of the Vistula River. In this paper the author also presents methods that can be used for estimating safety of navigation (navigational risk) in the restricted sea areas by means of the model of the ship’s domain. The essence of the method suggested in the thesis is the systematic approach to sea vessel operation in the aspect of estimating its safety when navigating in restricted sea areas.
4
Markowski model bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego statku na akwenie otwartym
Guze S., Smolarek L.
Logistyka
|
2010
|
nr 4
CD-CD
PL
W artykule przedstawiono model bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego dla statku na akwenie otwartym. Do opisu tego modelu użyty został proces markowski.. Dodatkowo dla tego modelu obliczono jego charakterystyki.
EN
In the paper the navigational safety model for ship on the open area Has been proposed. The Markov process has been used to describe the safety model. Futhermore, the characteristics of this model have been determined.
5
Content available remote Assessment of navigational safety level in ship encounter situations in open sea area
Pietrzykowski Z.
Archives of Transport
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2007
|
Vol. 19, iss. 4
77-84
EN
The probability of ships' collision is proposed as an indicator of navigationaI safety IeveI in a ship encounter situation in the open sea. The presented method of determining this indicator takes into account a current navigationaI situation as welI as possible occurrence of undesired events in vesseI movement, such as navigators' errors. Results of research on some simulated ship encounter situations are discussed.
PL
Prawdopodobieństwo kolizji statków zaproponowano jako wskaźnik poziomu bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego w sytuacji spotkań statków na akwenie otwartym. Przedstawiono metodę jego wyznaczania. Prezentowana metoda uwzględnia zarówno aktualną sytuację nawigacyjną jak również możliwość wystąpienia zdarzeń niepożądanych w ruchu statków, w tym błędów nawigatorów. Przedstawiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych dla wybranych sytuacji spotkań statków.
6
Content available remote Koncepcja nowego systemu oceny bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego ststków manewrujących na Zatoce Gdańskiej
Rutkowski G.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
|
2006
|
R. 47 nr 166K/1
367-390
PL
W artykule zaproponowano sposób oceny bezpieczeństwa żeglugi (ryzyka nawigacyjnego) w akwenie ograniczonym z wykorzystaniem przestrzennego modelu domeny statku. Istotą proponowanych w pracy metod jest systemowe ujęcie eksploatacji statku morskiego w aspekcie oceny jego bezpieczeństwa podczas manewrowania w ograniczonych akwenach. Ocenę ryzyka nawigacyjnego statków manewrujących w akwenie ograniczonym dokonano (przy działaniu różnych zakłóceń zewnętrznych) na podejściu do terminalu Gdańsk Port Północny wzdłuż obecnie eksploatowanego toru wodnego wschodniego (o gabarytach: 350 m szerokości, 17 m głębokości, kierunku 253,6° - 073,6°) oraz planowanego toru wodnego północnego (o gabarytach: 370 m szerokości, głębokości 12 m z opcją do 15 m oraz kierunku 193" - 013°). Budowę toru północnego rozważa się w artykule, jako rozwiązanie alternatywne dla nowego systemu VTS Zatoka Gdańska; przy spodziewanym wzroście intensywności ruchu w transporcie morskim po oddaniu do eksploatacji terminalu kontenerowego (budowanego obecnie w Gdańsku) oraz planowanego terminalu LNG Gdańsk Port Północny. Analizę ryzyka nawigacyjnego przeprowadzono dla statku .Golar Viking", którego gabaryty odpowiadają zbiornikowcom LNG przeznaczonych do przewozu gazu w formie płynnej o pojemności ładunkowej 140000 m3, 79900 DWT, wyporność 109400 ton, długość LOA= 280,00 m, szerokość B= 43,00 m, wysokość Hc= 54,5 m, zanurzenie T max= 12,30 m).
EN
In this paper author presents methods that can be used for estimating safety of navigation Le. navigational risk in the restricted sea areas by means of the model of the ship's domain. The essence of the method suggested in the thesis is the systematic approach to sea vessel operation in the aspect of estimating its safety when navigating in restricted sea areas. Navigational risk for the ships manoeuvring in the restricted sea area has been estimated with respect to varied outer interference on the approach to Gdansk Port P6Inocny terminal alongside the currently exploited eastern fairway (350 meters in breadth, 17 meters in depth and 253,60 - 073,60 direction) and the prospective northern one (370 meters in breadth, 12 to 15 meters in depth and 1930 - 0130 direction). The northern fairway might constitute a solution alternative to the new Gulf of Gdansk VTS system due to two main factors: opening the new container terminal which is being built in Gdansk now and the prospective LNG terminal in Gdansk Port P6Inocny. Risk analysis has been prepared for the LNG tanker "Golar Viking" (79900 DWT, displacement 109400 t9ns, length over all LOA= 280,00 m, breadth B= 43,00 m, height Hc= 54,5 m and maximum draught T max= 12,30 m).
7
Content available The movement of ship in water areas limited by port structures
Galor W.
Annual of Navigation
|
2005
|
No. 10
23-37
EN
The marine environmental is one of human activity areas where risk is greater then average. Among water areas there are those where ship maneuvering is limited more then other sea areas. There are waters limited by port structures. The article presents methods of assessment of navigational risk as a combination of probability of ship collision to port structures and its consequences. The models of describing of accident probability are presented. Besides the result of ship port structure collision is determined by probability of structure collapse.
8
Content available Speed as a vessel traffic optimization criterion
Uchacz W.
Annual of Navigation
|
2003
|
No. 6
103-115
EN
Problems of vessel traffic organization in approach channels are solved by Vessel Traffic Management Services (VTMS). One essential task for VTMS is to ensure a required level of traffic safety. As often vessel traffic is intensive, attempts are made to optimize it. This author aims to find a relevant solution based on a mathematical model, in which vessel speeds at particular fairway sections are varied. The model belongs to the class of mixed integer linear programming. The branch-and-bound method has been adapted to the proposed solution of the problem. The results are shown in tables, while certain aspects of solutions are illustrated graphically.
9
Content available Optimisation of vessel trafic using fuzzy linear programming
Pietrzykowski Z., Uchacz W.
Annual of Navigation
|
2003
|
No. 6
65-79
EN
The optimisation of vessel traffic in narrow channels is concerned with the optimisation of vessel passage times with the regulations in force being complied with. These types of problems are normally solved by classical methods of linear programming. However, the implementation of solutions thus obtained is practically hardly feasible. This is due to difficulties in observing exact times of vessel entries into the fairway, maintaining exactly the expected times of passage along particular fairway sections. Therefore, it becomes necessary to account for inaccurate vessel entry and times of passing particular sections. Consequently, an optimisation problem in this context naturally fits in the format of problems of linear programming with fuzzy coefficients. This approach enables a more flexible formulation of an optimisation problem. From the point of view of the solutions obtained, the interpretation of fuzzy inequalities in the system of constraints is of much importance. The article presents solutions to the vessel traffic optimisation problem with the use of various interpretations of fuzzy inequalities. The calculation results are shown. These refer to vessel traffic in the Szczecin-Swinoujscie fairway. The results have been interpreted and conclusions have been drawn. INTRODUCTION
10
Content available The maritime navigation, its environment and its safety system
Kopacz Z., Morgaś W., Urbański J.
Annual of Navigation
|
2002
|
No. 4
45-57
EN
In this paper, the considerations on the relations between the maritime navigation, its geographical and navigational environment and its safety system are presented. The most important issues of the ships' navivation, its environment and maritime navigation safety system are also discussed and the most important relations are shown.
11
Content available Errors in the presentation of the vessels course and speed for the VTS operator
Śniegocki H.
Annual of Navigation
|
2002
|
No. 4
79-88
EN
The paper presents some results based on the research made in the VTS Gdańsk area. Conclusions from the experiments shows that errors in the presentation of ships course and speed on the VTS operator console may not allow to VTS operator to react in time to solve the gangerous situation.
12
Content available Application of the probablistic-fuzzy method for assessment of a dangerous situation of a ship manoeuvring in a restricted area
Pietrzykowski Z., Gucma L.
Annual of Navigation
|
2002
|
No. 4
59-70
EN
This article presents practical application of the probabilistic-fuzzy method for assessment of the safety of a ship manoeuvring in fairways. The method, based on the probabilistic risk analysis and elements of fuzzy logic, allows to account for a situation of threatened safety and a situation when a navigator intuitively thinks that the safety of manoeuvring ship is threatened. The probability of grounding of a ship manoeuvring in a fairway bend was determined. Then, with the use of experts’ knowledge and tools of fuzzy logic the probability of a dangerous situation was determined. Two different approaches, discussed in Part 1, have been applied for the determination of the probability. The results were compared.
13
Content available Theoretical basis of the probalilistic-fuzzy method for assessment of dangerous situation of a ship manoeuvring in a restricted area
Pietrzykowski Z., Gucma L.
Annual of Navigation
|
2001
|
No. 3
111-125
EN
The paper presents theoretical basis of the probabilistic-fuzzy method for assessing the safety of a ship manoeuvring on fairways. The method allows to account for such different states / conditions as the danger to the safety and the intuition that the safety of a ship manoeuvre is threatened, based on the probabilistic analysis of risk and elements of fuzzy logic. A dangerous navigational situation is defined as a fuzzy event. Two methods of determining the probability of a fuzzy event occurrence are presented. The results are compared with those obtained from a quantitative method of safety assessment based on probabilistic methods.
14
Content available remote The maritime navigation safety system
Kopacz Z., Morgaś W., Urbański J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
|
1999
|
R. 40 nr 3 (140)
29-39
EN
The paper presents the maritime navigation safety system. It describes and discusses its tasks and subsystems. It shows co-operation of maritime navigation safety system with ships navigation systems when the ship is under way. The main notions regarding the maritime navigation system are also defined and specified here
PL
W artykule przedstawiono morski system bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego. Opisane zostały zadania jak i podsystemy. Pokazano współpracę pomiędzy morskim systemem bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego z systemem nawigacyjnym okrętu gdy jest on w ruchu. Zdefiniowano i określono podstawowe pojęcia dotyczące morskiego systemu bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego.
15
Content available The role of risk in estimation of safety navigation
Galor W.
Annual of Navigation
|
1999
|
No. 1
67-75
EN
The paper presents the method of estimation of safety navigation. The proper criteria, measures and rate will need the estimation of safety navigation. These are very often expressed by risk. Four different definitions are used. The mostly used definition is a combination of accident probability with connection to its results. Probability of accident can be expressed in different manner. Three kinds of them are presented. Also the consequences of accident may be calculated in many aspects. There are necessary activities leading to efforts of unifying of these quantities.
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